1,2,3-Propanetriol, mono- and diformates

Ecotoxicological Summary

Hazard for aquatic organisms

Freshwater

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC aqua (freshwater)

PNEC value:

0.039 mg/L

Assessment factor:

1 000

Extrapolation method:

assessment factor

PNEC freshwater (intermittent releases):

0.386 mg/L

Marine water

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC aqua (marine water)

PNEC value:

0.004 mg/L

Assessment factor:

10 000

Extrapolation method:

assessment factor

STP

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC STP

PNEC value:

43 mg/L

Assessment factor:

10

Extrapolation method:

assessment factor

Sediment (freshwater)

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC sediment (freshwater)

PNEC value:

0.178 mg/kg sediment dw

Extrapolation method:

equilibrium partitioning method

Sediment (marine water)

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC sediment (marine water)

PNEC value:

0.018 mg/kg sediment dw

Extrapolation method:

equilibrium partitioning method

Hazard for air

Air

Hazard assessment conclusion:

no hazard identified

Hazard for terrestrial organisms

Soil

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC soil

PNEC value:

0.013 mg/kg soil dw

Extrapolation method:

equilibrium partitioning method

Hazard for predators

Secondary poisoning

Hazard assessment conclusion:

no potential for bioaccumulation

Additional information

Available data on sodium formate are used as supporting information for the following reasons:

1,2,3-propanetriol, mono- and diformates is used as an acidity regulator in textile treatment baths. Release of this substance to wastewater (and further to the environment) from this use is essentially zero. The substance is added to treatment baths of basic pH, and consequently shifts the pH to neutral or slightly acidic values. In the technical process (textile treatment) the substance reacts completely, yielding glycerol and formic acid/formate. The relevant breakdown product to be considered in the risk assessment hence is formic acid in dissociation equilibrium with formate. Glycerol is of no environmental concern and does not require to be assessed. Also the formate ion is not environmentally hazardous as demonstrated by acute LC50 and/or NOEC values invariably > 1000 mg/L (see IUCLID sections 6.1.1–6.1.3). In the relevant pH range (approximately neutral) the equilibrium is shifted towards the free formate. Use of data on sodium formate is therefore justified. The effect data demonstrate that sodium formate is not hazardous to the environment, hence need not be assessed quantitatively. Therefore, despite almost complete hydrolysis PEC and PNEC of the parent substance 1,2,3-propanetriol, mono- and diformates, are compared. This applies to uses resulting in complete hydrolysis of the substance due to the technical function (please refer to the exposure assessment in chapters 9 and 10 of the CSR).

Conclusion on classification

Conclusion on classification

Degradation:

Biodegradation: Readily biodegradable: 86 % (CO₂ evolution) after 28 d (OECD 301B)

Bioaccumulation:

Log Kow: < -1.7 (KOWWIN v1.68), thus negligible bioaccumulation potential

Aquatic toxicity:

96 h, LC₅₀ (Oncorhynchus mykiss): 42.7 mg/L

48 h, EC₅₀ (Daphnia magna): > 101.7 mg/L

72 h, E_rC₅₀ (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata): 38.6 mg/L

72 h, NOE_rC (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata): 10.2 mg/L

Non-classification according to CLP:

Based on the data above, 1,2,3-propanetriol, mono- and diformates is considered to be rapidly degradable and to exhibit a negligible potential for bioaccumulation. The acute toxicities, i.e. the L(E)C₅₀ for aquatic organisms, and the chronic NOEC for algae, are invariably > 1 mg/L. Thus, 1,2,3-propanetriol, mono- and diformates does not need to be classified and labelled as environmental hazard according to the 2nd ATP of Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP).

Non-classification according to DSD/DPD:

Based on the data above, 1,2,3-propanetriol, mono- and diformates is considered to be rapidly degradable and to exhibit a negligible potential for bioaccumulation. The acute toxicities, i.e. the L(E)C₅₀ for aquatic organisms, and the chronic NOEC for algae, are invariably > 1 mg/L. Thus, 1,2,3-propanetriol, mono- and diformates does not need to be classified and labelled as environmental hazard according to Directive 67/548/EEC.