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Description of key information

Oral LD50 (rat) > 5000 mg/kg bw

Inhalation LC50 (rat) > 24880 mg/m3

Dermal LD50 (rabbit) > 2000 mg/kg

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Acute toxicity: via oral route

Link to relevant study records
Reference
Endpoint:
acute toxicity: oral
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Study meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment.
Justification for type of information:
A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across: supporting information
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity)
Deviations:
yes
Remarks:
Limit test with 5000 mg/kg versus 2000 mg/kg as per guideline
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
EPA OPPTS 870.1100 (Acute Oral Toxicity)
Deviations:
yes
Remarks:
Limit test with 5000 mg/kg versus 2000 mg/kg as per guideline
GLP compliance:
yes
Test type:
standard acute method
Limit test:
yes
Species:
rat
Strain:
Sprague-Dawley
Sex:
male/female
Route of administration:
oral: gavage
Vehicle:
unchanged (no vehicle)
Doses:
5000 mg/kg bw
No. of animals per sex per dose:
5
Control animals:
no
Details on study design:
- Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: observations daily; weighing on initiation and on days 7 and 14
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight
Key result
Sex:
male/female
Dose descriptor:
LD50
Effect level:
> 5 000 mg/kg bw
Mortality:
No mortality occurred in any test animal over the 14-day observation period.
Clinical signs:
other: Clinical observations noted one-hour post exposure in 8 of 10 animals included depression, salivation, wheezing, rough coat, and soft feces. Two female rats appeared normal throughout the study. All animals appeared normal from day 2 through termination
Gross pathology:
No abnormal gross pathology findings were noted in any of the animals upon necropsy.
Interpretation of results:
other: Not classified
Remarks:
Criteria used for interpretation of results: other: GHS, EU, 2007
Conclusions:
Based on the study design the test substance, Isooctane, needs not to be classified.
Executive summary:

Based on the study design the test substance, Isooctane, needs not to be classified.

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no adverse effect observed
Dose descriptor:
LD50
Value:
5 000 mg/kg bw
Quality of whole database:
1 key read across study available from a structural analogue

Acute toxicity: via inhalation route

Link to relevant study records

Referenceopen allclose all

Endpoint:
acute toxicity: inhalation
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
1995
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Acceptable, well-documented study report equivalent or similar to OECD guideline 403 : GLP.
Justification for type of information:
A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across: supporting information
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
GLP compliance:
yes
Test type:
standard acute method
Species:
rat
Strain:
Sprague-Dawley
Sex:
male/female
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River
- Age at study initiation: 9-11 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 245-325 g
- Housing:individually
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum during non-exposure, food withheld while in chamber
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 14 days


ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°F): 68-76
- Humidity (%): 40-70
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12


Route of administration:
inhalation: vapour
Type of inhalation exposure:
whole body
Details on inhalation exposure:
GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
Exposure apparatus: 150 liter stainless steel inhalation chamber
- Exposure chamber volume: 150 liter
- Temperature, humidity, pressure in air chamber: 75° F, 48%, slight negative pressure to the room


TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used: calibrated infrared monitor
- Samples taken from breathing zone: no



CLASS METHOD (if applicable)
- Rationale for the selection of the starting concentration:
Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
yes
Duration of exposure:
4 h
Concentrations:
actual vapor concentration of6100 mg/m3
No. of animals per sex per dose:
10 animals/dose (5 males; 5 females)
Control animals:
no
Details on study design:
- Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: Day 0, 7, and 14
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
Key result
Sex:
male/female
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect level:
>= 6 100 mg/m³ air (analytical)
Exp. duration:
4 h
Mortality:
None
Clinical signs:
other: None
Body weight:
Body weight appeared normal throughout experiment. One female lost 2 grams during the Day 7-14 post-exposure observation period.
Gross pathology:
All animals appeared normal.
Other findings:
N/A
Interpretation of results:
other: Not classified
Remarks:
Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
Conclusions:
The LC50 for acute inhalation exposure to MRD-94-979 vapor is greater than 6100 mg/m3. Classification as an acute inhalation toxicant is not warranted under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP) or under Directive 67/518/EEC for dangerous substances and Directive 1999/45/EC for preparations.
Executive summary:

MRD-94-979 was administered via individual inhalation chambers for four hours to ten Sprague-Dawley rats (5 males, 5 females) to an average actual vapor concentration of 6100 mg/m3 for four hours to assess acute inhalation toxicity. Animals were observed for fourteen days following exposure.  There were no mortality or gross pathological alterations noted in any of the animals.  Based on the conditions of this study, The LC50 for acute inhalation exposure to MRD-94-979 vapor is greater than 6100 mg/m3.  Classification as an acute inhalation toxicant is not warranted under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP) or under Directive 67/518/EEC for dangerous substances and Directive 1999/45/EC for preparations.

Endpoint:
acute toxicity: inhalation
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
01 August - 15 September 1983
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Study meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment.
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
Deviations:
yes
Remarks:
very limited documentation
GLP compliance:
not specified
Test type:
standard acute method
Limit test:
no
Species:
rat
Strain:
not specified
Sex:
male/female
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: male (mean): 291 g, female (mean): 217.4 g
Route of administration:
inhalation: vapour
Type of inhalation exposure:
not specified
Vehicle:
other: unchanged (no vehicle)
Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
yes
Remarks:
THC
Duration of exposure:
4 h
Concentrations:
24.88 mg/L (nominal)
99.5 ± 7.49 mg/L (re-calculated from 21300 ± 1604.23 ppm (mean measured)
No. of animals per sex per dose:
5 males, 5 females
Control animals:
no
Details on study design:
- Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: daily
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight
Key result
Sex:
male/female
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Effect level:
> 24.88 mg/L air (nominal)
Exp. duration:
4 h
Key result
Sex:
male/female
Dose descriptor:
LC0
Effect level:
>= 24.88 mg/L air (nominal)
Exp. duration:
4 h
Mortality:
none
Clinical signs:
other: After 15 min of exposure all animals displayed rapid breathing. At 30 min of exposure one male and all females showed tremors and hyperactivity. At one hour these animals became languid with tremors. All animals then were noted to be inactive with rapid r
Body weight:
mean body weight males: 302.2 g (Day 2 postexposure), 309.4 g (Day 3), 317.8 g (Day 4), 331.4 g (Day 7), 347 g (Day 14)
mean body weight females: 213.6 g (Day 2 postexposure), 215.6 g (Day 3), 221.4 g (Day 4), 227.4 g (Day 7), 232.8 g (Day 14)
Gross pathology:
All animals appeared normal at the terminal sacrifice with the exception of one male noted to have a small left testis and one male observed to have a dilated right renal pelvis filled with clear fluid.
Interpretation of results:
other: Not classified
Remarks:
Criteria used for interpretation of results: other: GHS, EU, 2007
Conclusions:
According to the study design N-octane can be considered to be non-toxic.
Executive summary:

According to the study design N-octane can be considered to be non-toxic.

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no adverse effect observed
Dose descriptor:
LC50
Value:
24 880 mg/m³ air
Quality of whole database:
1 key substance specific study available and 1 key read across study available from a structural analogue

Acute toxicity: via dermal route

Link to relevant study records

Referenceopen allclose all

Endpoint:
acute toxicity: dermal
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
1984
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Acceptable, well-documented study report equivalent or similar to OECD guideline : GLP
Justification for type of information:
A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across: supporting information
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 402 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)
GLP compliance:
yes
Test type:
standard acute method
Species:
rabbit
Strain:
New Zealand White
Sex:
male/female
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Hazleton
- Age at study initiation: 19 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 3.14-3.51
- Housing: individual
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 50 days


ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°F): 65-71
- Humidity (%): 40-70
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12


Details on dermal exposure:
TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: shoulder region to lumbar region
- Type of wrap if used: gauze and plastic sleeve


REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): no washing, wiped with gauze
- Time after start of exposure: 24h
Duration of exposure:
The test material was applied to the skin at the appropriate dose, covered with a gauze patch, secured with tape, and covered with a plastic sleeve. After ca. 24h of exposure, the plastic sleeve, tape and gauze patch were removed. The skin was then wiped (but not washed) with gauze and water to remove any remaining test material.
Doses:
The test material was applied to the skin at the appropriate dose, covered with a gauze patch, secured with tape, and covered with a plastic sleeve. After ca. 24h of exposure, the plastic sleeve, tape and gauze patch were removed. The skin was then wiped (but not washed) with gauze and water to remove any remaining test material.
No. of animals per sex per dose:
6 animals/dose (3 males; 3 females)
Control animals:
no
Details on study design:
- Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing:2, 4, 24 hours after dosing and daily for 14 days
- Necropsy of survivors performed: no
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight
Statistics:
The means and standard deviations of the body weights were calculated.
Key result
Sex:
male/female
Dose descriptor:
LD50
Effect level:
>= 3 160 mg/kg bw
Mortality:
none
Clinical signs:
other: There was an overall low incidence of clinical in-life observations noted during the study. Observations included nasal discharge, dry rales, alopecia. Topical exposure elicited very slight to well defined erythema in all animals and very slight edema i
Gross pathology:
N/A
Other findings:
N/A
Interpretation of results:
other: Not classified
Remarks:
Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
Conclusions:
The dermal LD50 for MRD-83-349 is greater than 3160 mg/kg. Classification as an acute dermal toxicant is not warranted under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP) or under Directive 67/518/EEC for dangerous substances and Directive 1999/45/EC for preparations.
Executive summary:

The acute dermal toxicity of MRD-83-349 was evaluated in rabbits following topical occlusive exposure.  Test material was applied as a single dose of 3160 mg/kg to the clipped backs of 3 male and 3 female rabbits, covered with a gauze patch, and secured with non-irritating tape and a plastic sleeve.  The test material remained in contact with the skin for 24 hours.  Observations were made as to the nature, onset, severity, and duration of toxicological signs 2, 4, and 24 hours after dosing and once per day thereafter, for a total of 14 days.  Dermal responses were evaluated 24 hours after topical application and on Days 3, 7, 10, and 14 according to the Draize method of scoring.  Application of MRD-83-349 at a dose level of 3160 mg/kg showed no evidence of systemic toxicity under the conditions of this study and all animals survived to study termination.  There were no deaths or treatment-related clinical signs.  Topical exposure elicited very slight to well defined erythema in all animals and very slight edema in four animals.  Desquamation was noted in five animals during the study.  By Day 14, all animals were clear of erythema and edema.  Based on the results of this study, the dermal LD50 for MRD-83-349 is greater than 3160 mg/kg.  Classification as an acute dermal toxicant is not warranted under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP) or under Directive 67/518/EEC for dangerous substances and Directive 1999/45/EC for preparations.

Endpoint:
acute toxicity: dermal
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Study meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment.
Justification for type of information:
A discussion and report on the read across strategy is given as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across: supporting information
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 402 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)
Deviations:
yes
Remarks:
Only 3 animals per sex versus 5 as per guideline
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
EPA OPPTS 870.1200 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)
Deviations:
yes
Remarks:
Only 3 animals per sex versus 5 as per guideline
GLP compliance:
yes
Test type:
standard acute method
Limit test:
yes
Species:
rabbit
Strain:
New Zealand White
Sex:
male/female
Type of coverage:
not specified
Vehicle:
unchanged (no vehicle)
Details on dermal exposure:
TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 2000 mg/kg bw
Duration of exposure:
24 hours
Doses:
2000 mg/kg bw
No. of animals per sex per dose:
3
Control animals:
no
Details on study design:
- Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: observation continuous, weighing on initiation and days 7 and 14
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight, dermal score
Key result
Sex:
male/female
Dose descriptor:
LD50
Effect level:
> 2 000 mg/kg bw
Mortality:
No mortality occurred during the 14-day observation period.
Clinical signs:
other: All rabbits appeared normal throughout the study. Very slight dermal erythema was noted in all animals on day 1 after dosing, which persisted in one male and one female on day 3. All erythema had cleared by day 7. Very slight edema was noted in two males
Gross pathology:
No abnormal gross pathology was noted in any rabbits upon necropsy.
Interpretation of results:
other: not classified
Remarks:
Criteria used for interpretation of results: other: GHS, EU, 2007
Conclusions:
Based on the study design the test substance, Isooctane, needs not to be classified.
Executive summary:

Based on the study design the substance, Isooctane, needs not to be classified.

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no adverse effect observed
Dose descriptor:
LD50
Value:
2 000 mg/kg bw
Quality of whole database:
2 key read across studies from structural analogues available

Additional information

Acute inhalation toxicity data is available for Octane. Acute oral, inhalation and dermal toxicity data is available for structural analogues 2,2,4-trimethylpentane and Hydrocarbons, C9-C11, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics. This data is read across to based on analogue read across and a discussion and report on the read across strategy is provided as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13.

Oral:

2,2,4-trimethylpentane

In a key study (Chevron Phillips Chemicals, 1982), five male and five female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed, orally by gavage, to a single 5000 mg/kg bw dose of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. The animals were observed for mortality and clinical signs for the next 14 days. No animals died during the study. Clinical signs of depression, salivation, wheezing, rough coat and soft faeces were observed from one-hour post exposure until day 2. No clinical signs were noted from day 2 to termination of the study. No abnormalities were noted at necropsy. The LD50 was determined to be >5000 mg/kg bw. Under the conditions of this study, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane does not need to be classified.

Inhalation:

Hydrocarbons, C9-C11, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics

In a key study (ExxonMobil Corp., 1995) the test material (Hydrocarbons, C9-C11, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics) was administered via individual inhalation chambers for four hours to ten Sprague-Dawley rats (5 males, 5 females) to an average actual vapor concentration of 6100 mg/m3 for four hours to assess acute inhalation toxicity. Animals were observed for fourteen days following exposure.  There were no mortality or gross pathological alterations noted in any of the animals.  Based on the conditions of this study, The LC50for acute inhalation exposure was determined to be greater than 6100 mg/m3.

 

Octane

In a key study (Chevron Phillips Chemicals, 1983), five male and five female rats were administered a single 24.88 mg/L (24880 mg/m3) dose of Octane via inhalation for 4 hours. Animals were observed for mortality and clinical signs during exposure and for the next 14 days. No animals died during the study. Clinical signs observed during exposure included rapid breathing, tremors and inactivity. No treatment-related abnormalities were observed at necropsy. The LC50 was determined to be > 24.88 mg/L (24880 mg/m3). Under the conditions of this study, Octane does not need to be classified.

Dermal:

 

Hydrocarbons, C9-C11, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics

In a key study (ExxonMobil Corp., 1984), the acute dermal toxicity of Hydrocarbons, C9-C11, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics was evaluated in rabbits following topical occlusive exposure.  Test material was applied as a single dose of 3160 mg/kg to the clipped backs of 3 male and 3 female rabbits, covered with a gauze patch, and secured with non-irritating tape and a plastic sleeve.  The test material remained in contact with the skin for 24 hours.  Observations were made as to the nature, onset, severity, and duration of toxicological signs 2, 4, and 24 hours after dosing and once per day thereafter, for a total of 14 days.  Dermal responses were evaluated 24 hours after topical application and on Days 3, 7, 10, and 14 according to the Draize method of scoring.

 

Application of the test material at a dose level of 3160 mg/kg showed no evidence of systemic toxicity under the conditions of this study and all animals survived to study termination.  There were no deaths or treatment-related clinical signs.  Topical exposure elicited very slight to well defined erythema in all animals and very slight edema in four animals.  Desquamation was noted in five animals during the study.  By Day 14, all animals were clear of erythema and edema.  Based on the results of this study, the dermal LD50 was determined to be greater than 3160 mg/kg.

 

2,2,4-trimethylypentane 

In a key study (Chevron Phillips Chemicals, 1982), three male and three female New Zealand White rabbits were administered a single, topical 2000 mg/kg bw dose of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. The test material remained in contact with the skin for 24 hours. Animals were observed for mortality and clinical signs for the next 14 days. No animals died during the study. No clinical signs of toxicity were observed. Very slight dermal erythema was noted in all animals on day 1, and persisted to day 3 in one male and one female. All erythema had cleared by day 7. Very slight oedema was noted in two males and one female on day 1 and cleared by day 3. Epidermal scaling was noted in one female on day 10. No abnormalities were noted at necropsy. The LD50 was determined to be >2000 mg/kg bw. Under the conditions of this study, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane does not need to be classified.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Based on available substance specific and read across data, Octane is minimally toxic via ingestion where the LD50 is >5000 mg/kg bw, via dermal exposure where the LD50 is >2000 mg/kg bw, and by inhalation where the LC50 is > 24880 mg/m3.  These findings do not warrant classification under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP).

Octane is classified under EU CLP guidelines as STOT Single Exposure Category 3 (narcosis) based on non-lethal narcotic effects observed in acute inhalation exposure.

 

Octane is classified under EU CLP guidelines as a Category 1 aspiration hazard based on its physical and chemical properties (hydrocarbon fluid, viscosity ≤ 20.5 mm2/s).