Pyridinium dichromate

Flammability

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

flammable solids

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

29.07.2010 - 22.11.2010

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method A.10 (Flammability (Solids))

GLP compliance:

yes

Key result

Test procedure:

burning rate test over 100 mm length

Burning time:

14 s

Moisture (wt %):

0.2

Remarks on result:

other: The shortest burning time is less than 45 seconds (i.e. 14 seconds)

Flammability

Preliminary screening test

The test substance ignited and burned over a length of 200 mm in 30 seconds. The test substance burned over a length of 200 mm within 4 minutes. Therefore, the full test programme (main test) was carried out.

 

Main test

The burning times over a length of 100 mm were 14, 14, 15, 14, 15 and 14 seconds. The shortest burning time was less than 45 seconds (i.e. 14 seconds) and, therefore, the test substance is classified as "highly flammable", according to the guideline. The loss on drying of the test substance was 0.2 % (dried at 55 °C for 6 hours).

Interpretation of results:

Category 1 (flammable solids) based on GHS criteria

Conclusions:

The shortest burning time observed was less than 45 seconds (i.e. 14 seconds) and, therefore, the test substance is classified as "highly flammable".

Executive summary:

A study according to Regulation (EC) 440/2008 Method A.10 was performed to determine the flammability of the test substances. In a preliminary test the test item was formed into a powder train. The flame from a gas burner was applied to one end of the powder train for 2 minutes. In the preliminary test the test item could be ignited and burned over a length of 200 mm in 30 seconds. The substance burned over a length of 200 mm within 4 minutes. Therefore, a full main test was carried out. In the main test the burning time over a length of 100 mm were 14, 14, 15, 14, 15 and 14 seconds. The shortest burning time was less than 45 seconds (i.e. 14 seconds) and, therefore, the test substance is considered as a readily combustible solid of Division 4.1. and is a highly flammable solid.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

flammable gases

Data waiving:

study technically not feasible

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is a solid

Reference 3

Endpoint:

pyrophoric liquids

Data waiving:

study technically not feasible

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is a solid

Reference 4

Endpoint:

pyrophoric solids

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is known to be stable in contact with air at room temperature for prolonged periods of time (days) and hence, the classification procedure does not need to be applied

Reference 5

Endpoint:

self-heating substances / mixtures

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is completely molten at 160°C

Reference 6

Endpoint:

substances / mixtures which in contact with water emit flammable gases

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because the experience in production or handling shows that the substance does not react with water, e.g. the substance is manufactured with water or washed with water

Description of key information

The substance has not to be classified as flammable gas, flammable liquid, flammable in contact with water, flammable aerosol, pyrophoric solid, pyrophoric liquid or self-heating substance.

The substance was determined to be a highly flammable solid (reference 4.13-1).

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Flammability:

flammable

Additional information

Flammable gases (reference 4.13-2)

The test item is a solid at ambient conditions. This hazard class is only applicable for gases. Thus, the substance was not considered for classification as flammable gas.

Flammable liquid (reference 4.11-1)

The test item is a solid at ambient conditions. This hazard class is only applicable for liquids. Thus, the substance was not considered for classification as flammable liquid.

Flammable solids (reference 4.13-1)

A study according toRegulation (EC) 440/2008 Method A.10was performed to determine the flammability of the test substances. In a preliminary test the test item was formed into a powder train. The flame from a gas burner was applied to one end of the powder train for 2 minutes. In the preliminary test the test item could be ignited and burned over a length of 200 mm in 30 seconds. The substance burned over a length of 200 mm within 4 minutes. Therefore, a full main test was carried out. In the main test the burning time over a length of 100 mm were 14, 14, 15, 14, 15 and 14 seconds. The shortest burning time was less than 45 seconds (i.e. 14 seconds) and, therefore, the test substance is considered as a readily combustible solid of Division 4.1. and is a highly flammable solid.

Pyrophoric solids (reference 4.13-4)

In accordance with section 2.9.4 Annex I of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 and ECHA guidance on the application of CLP Criteria section 2.10.4.2 the classification procedure for pyrophoric solids need not be applied when experience in manufacturing or handling shows that the substance or mixture does not ignite spontaneously when coming into contact with air at normal temperatures. Based on the experience in handling and use the substance is not known to ignite spontaneously when coming into contact with air at normal temperatures. Thus, no study was conducted and the substance was not considered for classification as pyrophoric solid.

Pyrophoric liquids (reference 4.13-3)

The test item is a solid at ambient conditions. This hazard class is only applicable for liquids. Thus, the substance was not considered for classification as pyrophoric liquid.

Substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases (reference 4.13-6)

In accordance with column 2 of REACH Annex VI and with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 Annex I section 2.12.4.1 the classification procedure for this hazard class need not to be applied. Based on the experience in handling and use the substance does not react with water and in addition the test substance is not pyrophoric. Thus, no study was conducted and the substance was not considered for classification.

Self-heating substances and mixtures (reference 4.13-5)

In accordance with section 1 of REACH Annex XI, the UN test N 4 for self-heating substances and mixtures do not need to be conducted as the substance is a solid with a melting point less than 160 °C. The test item has a melting point of 152 - 153 °C (reference 4.2-1), thus, it was concluded that the substance is completely molten at 160 °C and the test UN N.4 for self-heating substance is not required.

Flammable Aerosols

Section 2.4.2 of Guidance on the application on the CLP Criteria state as follows:

“Aerosols, this means aerosol dispensers, are any non-refillable receptacles made of metal, glass or plastics and containing a gas compressed, liquefied or dissolved under pressure, with or without a liquid, paste or powder, and fitted with a release device allowing the contents to be ejected as solid or liquid particles in suspension in a gas, as a foam, paste or powder or in a liquid state or in a gaseous state." Thus, as the substance does not meet the definition for aerosol, the test for aerosols was waived. Consequently the substance has not to be considered for classification for this hazard class.

 

In conclusion the substance has not to be considered as flammable gas, flammable liquid, flammable in contact with water, flammable aerosol, pyrophoric solid, pyrophoric liquid or self-heating substance. The substance is, however, classified as highly flammable solid in Category 1.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Classification, Labelling, and Packaging Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008

In accordance with Annex I Section 2.2, Section 2.3, Section 2.6, Section 2.9, Section 2.10 Section 2.11, Section 2.12 of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, as amended for fifteenth time in Regulation (EU) No 2020/1182, and UN GHS Rev 7 (2017) the test item has not to be classified as, flammable liquid, self-heating substance in Class 4 Division 4.2, substances which in contact with water emit flammable gases in Class 4 Division 4.3, pyrophoric liquid, pyrophoric solid in class 4 Division 4.2, flammable gases in class 2 or as aerosol in class 2.

 

In accordance with Annex I Section 2.7 of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, as amended for fifteenth time in Regulation (EU) 2020/1182, and UN GHS Rev 7 (2017) the test item has to be classified as readily combustible solid in class 4 Division 4.1 and Category 1.