1,4-dimethylpiperazine

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1996-01-19 - 1996-02-16

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Remarks:

Only two replicates per group were used, method for measuring toxicity was not specified, no historical control data provided, and the procedure (preincubation or plate incorporation) used for the preliminary reverse mutation test was not provided. However, all other parts of OECD guideline 471 were followed.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1996

Report date:

1996

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

Only two replicates per group were used, method for measuring toxicity was not specified, no historical control data provided, and procedure (preincubation or plate incorporation) used for the preliminary reverse mutation test was not provided.

GLP compliance:

yes

Remarks:

Japanese Good Laboratory Practice

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

1,4-dimethylpiperazine

EC Number:

203-412-0

EC Name:

1,4-dimethylpiperazine

Cas Number:

106-58-1

Molecular formula:

C6H14N2

IUPAC Name:

1,4-dimethylpiperazine

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Jeffcat DMP

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): N,N'-dimethylpiperazine (DMP)
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): 114.19
- Physical state: colorless liquid
- Analytical purity: 99.0 % or more
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): water, 0.1 %
- Lot/batch No.: U3-1-1294
- Stability under test conditions: stable at room temperature; stability in solvent: stable in distilled water
- Storage condition of test material: at room temperature, shield under from light

Method

Target gene:

Histidine locus (Salmonella strains) and tryptophan locus (E. coli strain)

Species / strain

Species / strain 1

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

other: TA100 and TA1535 are base pair substitution detecting strains and TA98 and TA1537 are frameshift detecting strains

Species / strain 2

Species / strain / cell type:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

other: base pair substitution detecting strain

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

phenobarbital and 5,6-benzoflavone induced rat liver S9

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

313, 625, 1250, 2500 and 5000 µg/plate

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: distilled water
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: the test substance was soluble in water at concentrations of 100 g/L or more. From these results, distilled water was used as the solvent for the test substance.

Controls

Controls 1

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

distilled water

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide-used for strains TA100 and WP2 uvrA at 0.01 ug/plate and TA98 at 0.1 ug/plate

Remarks:

without activation

Controls 2

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

distilled water

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

sodium azide

Remarks:

without activation used for strain TA1535 at 0.5 ug/plate

Controls 3

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

distilled water

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

9-aminoacridine

Remarks:

without activation used for strain TA1537 at 80 ug/ plate

Controls 4

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

distilled water

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-aminoanthracene-used for strain TA1535 at 2 ug/plate and WP2 uvrA at 10 ug/plate

Remarks:

with activation

Controls 5

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Remarks:

distilled water

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

benzo(a)pyrene

Remarks:

with activation used for strains TA100, TA98 and TA1537 at 5 ug/plate

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION: pre-incubation


DURATION
- Preincubation period: 30 minutes
- Exposure duration: 48 hours
- Selection time (if incubation with a selection agent): 48 hours (simultaneous with exposure)


SELECTION AGENT (mutation assays): L-histidine (Salmonella strains), L-tryptophan (E.coli strain)


NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 2


DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: cytotoxicity was determined but no information was given on how it was determined.

Evaluation criteria:

The number of revertant colonies at each dose was compared with that of the solvent control group for each bacterial strain with and without metabolic activation. The test substance was considered as positive when significant dose-related and more than two-fold increases in the number of revertant colonies were observed with sufficient reproducibility.

Statistics:

No statistical analysis was performed for evaluation of the test results.

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Key result

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not applicable

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Key result

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not applicable

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES: A preliminary reverse mutation test was performed in each of the strains listed above with and without metabolic activation to determine the suitable dosage of the test substance to be applied in the reverse mutation test. The maximum dose level for the preliminary test was set at 5000 µg/plate and six dose levels (10, 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 5000 µg/plate) were employed.

Neither toxic effect nor more than two-fold increases in the number of revertant colonies were observed in any test substance treated groups with and without metabolic activation, while the dose related increase in the number of revertant colonies was observed in TA100 with and without metabolic activation. Considering these results, the maximum dose level for the reverse mutation test was set at 5000 µg/plate, and five different amounts of the test substance were prepared by serial dilution with a factor of 2 from the maximum dose.

Remarks on result:

other: strain/cell type: S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Any other information on results incl. tables

Neither toxic nor more than two-fold increase in the number of revertant colonies were observed in any test substance treated groups with and without metabolic activation, while the dose related increase in the number of revertant colonies was observed in TA100 with and without metabolic activation. On the other hand, all of the positive controls produced more than two-fold increases in the number of the revertant colonies in comparison with that of the solvent control with all bacterial strains with and without metabolic activation. These results indicated that the test had been properly carried out.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

The test substance was evaluated for mutagenic potential in the reverse mutation test in the presence and absence of metabolic activation using S. typhimurium strains TA100, TA98, TA1535, TA1537 and E. coli strain WP2 uvrA. Based on the results of the assay, the test substance was considered to be negative under the test conditions employed up to a dose level of 5000 µg/plate. According to the criteria laid down in the CLP Regulation, the substance is considered not classified as mutagenic.