Reaction mass of disodium sulphide and sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogensulphide

Acute Toxicity: inhalation

Administrative data

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: inhalation

Type of information:

other: Publication

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Acceptable, well documented publication which meets basic scientific principles. Comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions. In the OECD SIDS on sodium carbonate (2002) a similar reliability was assigned

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Pathologic eefctes in rodents exposed to sodium combustion products

Author:

Busch RH, McDonald KE, Briat JK, Morris JE, Graham TM

Year:

1983

Bibliographic source:

Environmental Research, 31, 138-147

Materials and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Whole body inhalation to establish LC50

GLP compliance:

no

Test type:

other:

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Sodium carbonate

EC Number:

207-838-8

EC Name:

Sodium carbonate

Cas Number:

497-19-8

Molecular formula:

CH2O3.2Na

IUPAC Name:

disodium carbonate

Test material form:

aerosol dispenser: not specified

Remarks:

migrated information: aerosol

Details on test material:

91% purity sodium carbonate. Impurity 9.0% NaOH

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

other: Wistar and Sprague Dawley

Sex:

male

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

Source - not reported. Age:Adult. Average weight 365g. 6 trials of 10 animals each

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

inhalation: aerosol

Type of inhalation exposure:

whole body

Vehicle:

other:

Details on inhalation exposure:

Type of exposure: Whole body inhalation to aerosols of sodium combustion products.
- Concentrations: 17 concentrations between 800-4600 mg/m3.
- Particle size: median aerodynamic diameter ± GSD: 1.04±1.97 micrometer
- Type or preparation of particles: Sodium combines with oxygen to form combustion products. These react subsequently and rapidly with atmospheric components. In a typical atmosphere the predominant reactions proceed rapidly from the oxide forms to NaOH, then to Na2CO3. They all form in the atmosphere without appreciable settling and produce an aerosol in the order of 1 micrometre aerodynamic equivalent diameter.

Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:

yes

Duration of exposure:

2 h

Concentrations:

800-4600 mg/m3

No. of animals per sex per dose:

60

Control animals:

not specified

Details on study design:

DEVIATIONS FROM OECD GUIDELINE 403: 2h exposure instead of 4h exposure; only males used; reporting less elaborate and complete; assays of cellular immunity were included.

Statistics:

Not reported

Results and discussion

Effect levels

Sex:

male

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect level:

2 300 mg/m³ air

Exp. duration:

2 h

Mortality:

Time of death: During and within 1-2 hr after exposure, or beginning at 1 day after exposure, peaking at 5-7 days, and continuing to 9-10 days after exposure. Number of deaths at each dose were not reported.

Clinical signs:

other: Signs of respiratory impairment immediately after exposure. Dyspnea, wheezing, excessive salivation, and distention of the abdomen. In many animals, excessive salivation and repeated swallowing continued during the first 2 hr following exposure. Signs sub

Gross pathology:

Lesions in respiratory tract in animals that died limited to the posterior pharynx, larynx, anterior trachea, and in approximately 3% of the animals, lungs.

Other findings:

POTENTIAL TARGET ORGANS: Respiratory tract.
SEX-SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES: Not relevant.
OTHER OBSERVATIONS: A transitory immunologic repression. This may be, at least in part, contributory to bacteremia.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Executive summary:

LC50 of 2300 mg/m3