2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol; 2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol; 4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol

Short-term toxicity to fish

Administrative data

Endpoint:

fish embryo acute toxicity (FET)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

5 March 2016

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2016

Report date:

2016

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: ISO 15088, 2007

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

the exposure of the embryos was prolonged to 4 days

GLP compliance:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol; 2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol; 4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol

EC Number:

908-912-9

Cas Number:

1333-16-0

Molecular formula:

C39H36O6

IUPAC Name:

2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol; 2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol; 4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol

Test material form:

solid

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Remarks:

HPLC

Test solutions

Vehicle:

yes

Remarks:

ultrapure water

Details on test solutions:

Stock solutions were prepared by dissolving BPF (20 and 30 mg/L) in ultrapure water by mixing the solutions on a magnetic stirrer for at least 24 h. Chemicals were purchased from SigmaeAldrich (99% purity or higher). All chemicals used for toxicity testing were of analytical grade.

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)

Details on test organisms:

Adult zebrafish were bred in an aquarium (60 x 30 x 30 cm) containing 45 L of tap water at constant temperature (26 ± 1 °C) and 12 h light/12 h dark photoperiod. Fish were fed three times per day with commercially available dried fish food (TetraMin®, Tetra, Germany) and three times per week with young daphnids.

Study design

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Test conditions

Salinity:

not applicable as tap water used.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 8.8, 10.0, 13.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

In the acute toxicity test with zebrafish, 1 mL of tested concentrations BPF (0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 8.8, 10.0, 13.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0 mg/L), and dilutionwater (control) were placed into
each hole of 24-well plates and then individual 3 hpf (3-h post fertilization) eggs were added in each hole; for each test concentration and a control ten fertilized eggs were exposed. In principle,
toxicity test with zebrafish embryos was performed according to ISO standard (ISO 15088, 2007), but the exposure of embryos was prolonged to 4 days. After 24 and 48 h of exposure, lethal (egg
coagulation, missing heartbeat, missing somites, missing tail detachment from the yolk sac) and sublethal (no eye and body pigmentation, missing blood flow, pericardial edema) malformations
were inspected using a stereoscopic microscope (Nikon SMZ 1000 with a DS-Fi1 digital camera) and a NIS-Elements Documentation 2.2 imaging software. Embryos were checked daily for mortality, developmental malformations and body length (a distance from the most anterior part of the head to the tip of the tail) after 96 h of exposure. At least three independent experiments were performed.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

1.1 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: body and eye pigmentation

Effect concentrations 2

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 20 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

BPF induced malformations in development of zebrafish embryos. The lowest toxicity was observed in the case of BPF, since 20% of lethal effects and no effects on blood flow were observed at the highest tested concentration (20.0 mg/L). The most sensitive sublethal endpoint of BPF was body and eyes pigmentation of zebrafish embryos as the 48 h EC50 value was determined at 1.1 mg/L.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

LC/EC values of BPF for zebrafish embryos

	BPF
EC/LC (mg/L)	20	50 (95% CL)*	80
Mortality (48 h)	/	/	/
Missing body pigmentation (48 h)	0.7	1.1 (0.92 - 1.3)	1.8
Missing blood flow (48 h)	/	/	/
Pericardial edema (48 h)	9	10.7 (9.4 - 12.2)	12.7
Hatching inhibition (72 h)	4	6.8 (5.5 - 8.5)	11.7

/ - EC/LC values were not determined as 20% of lethal effects and no effects on blood flow were observed at the highest tested concentration of BPF (20 mg/L).

* Corresponding 95% confidence limits.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The most sensitive sublethal endpoint of BPF was body and eye pigmentation as the 48 h EC50 value was determined at 1.1 mg/L. The EC50 for mortality is > 20.0 mg/L.

Executive summary:

At test was carried out to determine the short term toxicity of bisphenol F on zebrafish. The method used was in accordance with ISO 10706, 2000.

The results showed that BPF induced malformations in development of zebrafish embryos. The lowest toxicity was observed in the case of BPF, since 20% of lethal effects and no effects on blood flow were observed at the highest tested concentration (20.0 mg/L) (EC50 >20 mg/L). The most sensitive sublethal endpoint of BPF was body and eyes pigmentation of zebrafish embryos as the 48 h EC50 value was determined at 1.1 mg/L.