Hydrocarbons, terpene processing by-products

Endpoint summary

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin sensitisation

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

skin sensitisation: in vivo (LLNA)

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

08 March - 04 April 2012

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: The study was performed according to the OECD guideline 429 and in compliance with GLP without any deviations.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 429 (Skin Sensitisation: Local Lymph Node Assay)

Deviations:

no

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Not applicable

GLP compliance:

yes

Type of study:

mouse local lymph node assay (LLNA)

Species:

mouse

Strain:

other: CBA/J

Sex:

female

Details on test animals and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Janvier, Le Genest-Saint-Isle, France.
- Age at study initiation: 8-12 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 18-25 g
- Housing: Animals were housed by group of two (preliminary test) or four (main test) in polycarbonate cages (Techniplast 1145T, 435 cm2, 36.9 x 15.6 x 13.2 cm) containing autoclaved sawdust (SICSA, Alfortville, France). In the main test, on Day 6 before the [3H] methyl-thymidine (3H-TdR) injections, the animals were individually housed in disposable crystal polystyrene cages (22.0 cm x 8.5 cm x 8.0 cm).
- Diet: SSNIFF R/M-H pelleted diet (SSNIFF Spezialdiäten GmbH, Soest, Germany), ad libitum
- Water: Tap water (filtered using a 0.22 µm filter), ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 5 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature: 22 ± 2 °C
- Humidity: 30-70 %
- Air changes: Approximately 12 cycles/hour of filtered, non-recycled air
- Photoperiod: 12 h dark / 12 h light

Route:

other: Not applicable

Vehicle:

other: Not applicable

Concentration / amount:

Not applicable

Route:

other: Not applicable

Vehicle:

other: Not applicable

Concentration / amount:

Not applicable

No. of animals per dose:

Not applicable

Details on study design:

Not applicable

Challenge controls:

Not applicable

Vehicle:

acetone/olive oil (4:1 v/v)

Remarks:

The vehicle used for the test item and positive control was a mixture Acetone/Olive Oil (4/1, v/v) (AOO): - acetone: batch No. K41254613, supplied by Merck, - olive oil: batch No. 0001428703, supplied by Sigma

Concentration:

Preliminary test: 10, 25, 50 and 100 %
Main test: 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 25 %

No. of animals per dose:

Preliminary screening test: 2 females/dose: right and left ear were treated with different concentrations
Main test: 4 females/dose

Details on study design:

RANGE FINDING TEST:
- Compound solubility: The test item was soluble in the first recommended vehicle, acetone/olive oil (4/1, v/v). A solution was obtained at all tested dilutions (10-50%).
- Irritation: for 3 consecutive days, the animals received applications of 25 µL of the dosage form preparations to the external surface of both ears (one concentration per ear). Measurement of the ear thickness (using a micrometer) was performed each day before treatment and 72 hours after the last application. Erythema and dryness of the skin were observed in right ear treated at 100% of both females. Dryness of the skin was noted in left ear treated at 50% of these females. In addition, an increase in ear thickness was recorded at the concentrations of 50% and 100%, showing the irritant potential of the test item at these concentrations. The highest concentration retained for the main test was therefore 25%.

MAIN STUDY
ANIMAL ASSIGNMENT AND TREATMENT
- Name of test method: Local Lymph Node Assay
- Criteria used to consider a positive response: The results were expressed as disintegration per minute (dpm) per group. Stimulation indices (SI) were calculated according to the following formula: SI = dpm of treated group / dpm of control group. The test item was considered as a skin sensitizer when the SI for a dose group is higher than or equal to 3. Other relevant criteria such as radioactivity levels and ear thickness were also taken into account to evaluate the data.

TREATMENT PREPARATION AND ADMINISTRATION:
The test item was administered as a solution in the vehicle and was mixed with the required quantity of vehicle. Dose formulations were prepared by the CIT Pharmacy extemporaneously on the day of each administration. They were stored at between 2 and 8°C and delivered to the study room in brown flasks.
On days 1, 2 and 3, a dose-volume of 25 μL of the appropriate dose formulations was applied to the dorsal surface of both ears (one concentration per ear), using an adjustable pipette fitted with a plastic tip. In order to avoid licking, to ensure an optimized application of the test material and to facilitate ear thickness measurement, the animals were placed under light isoflurane anesthesia during the administration.
No massage was performed but the tip was used to spread the preparation over the application site. No rinsing was performed.

25 µL of test material at concentrations of 0 (vehicle control), 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 25 % were applied to the dorsal surface of each ear on Days 1, 2 and 3. On Day 6, 250 µL NaCl 0.9 % containing 20 μCi of 3H-TdR (specific activity of 20 Ci/mmol) was injected into the tail vein of each experimental mouse. Five hours later, all mice were killed by a lethal intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital sodium followed by a cervical dislocation and the auricular lymph node of each ear was excised. The lymph nodes were pooled for each experimental group. A single cell suspension of auricular lymph node cell (ALNC) was prepared by mechanical disaggregation in Petri dishes using the plunger of a syringe. LNC were washed with 0.9 % NaCl and precipitated with 5 % (w/v) trichloroacetic acid (TCA) at 4 °C. Pellets were re-suspended in 1 mL TCA and 3 mL of Ultima GoldxR scintillation fluid (Packard) was added in order to measure incorporation of 3H-TdR using β-scintillation counting.

Positive control substance(s):

hexyl cinnamic aldehyde (CAS No 101-86-0)

Statistics:

No data

Positive control results:

The threshold positive value of 3 for the SI was reached in the positive control group (SI = 6.27). The experiment was therefore considered valid.

Parameter:

SI

Remarks on result:

other: See table 7.4.1/1

Parameter:

other: disintegrations per minute (DPM)

Remarks on result:

other: See table 7.4.1/1

Table 7.4.1/1: Results of skin sensitization

Treatment and concentrations	No. of nodes per group	dpm per group	dpm per node	Stimulation index (SI)	Increase in ear thickness (% between Day 1 and Day 6)	Irritation level	EC3 value
Vehicle	8	4456	557.00	-	2.88	-	-
1 %	8	1561	195.13	0.35	0.00	I	24.63 %
2.5 %	8	5243	655.38	1.18	3.06	I
5 %	8	3411	426.38	0.77	-1.00	I
10 %	8	3424	428.00	0.77	1.94	I
25 %	8	13809	1726.13	3.10	-3.85	I
α-hexylcinnamaldehyde 25 %	8	27959	3494.88	6.27	-	-	-

                            

dpm = disintegrations per minute

I = non-irritant (increase in ear thickness < 10 %)

EC3 value = theoretical concentration resulting in a SI value of

stimulation index = dpm of treated group / dpm of control group

Interpretation of results:

sensitising

Remarks:

Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

A significant lymphoproliferation (SI > 3) was noted at the concentration 25%. In the absence of local irritation, the significant lymphoproliferative responses observed were attributed to delayed contact hypersensitivity.
Under the test conditions, Terpinolene multiconstituent is classified "R43 May cause sensitisation by skin contact" according to the Directive 67/548/EEC and skin sensitiser Category 1B "H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction" according to the CLP Regulation (EC) N° 1272/2008.

Executive summary:

In a local lymph node assay performed according to OECD Guideline 429 and in compliance with GLP, groups of CBA/J mice (4 females/dose)

were exposed to 25 µL of Terpinolene multiconstituent in Acetone/Olive oil (4/1, v/v) at concentrations of 0 (vehicle control), 1, 2.5, 5, 10, and 25 % (v/v) to the dorsal surface of both ears for three consecutive days. On Day 6, all animals were injected with 3H-methyl thymidine and after five hours the draining (auricular) lymph nodes were excised and measured for radioactivity expressed as number of disintegrations per minute (DPM) and stimulation index.The test concentrations for the main study were determined from a preliminary study where erythema and dryness of the skin were observed in right ear treated at 100% of both females. Dryness of the skin was noted in left ear treated at 50% of these females. In addition, an increase in ear thickness was recorded at the concentrations of 50% and 100%, showing the irritant potential of the test item at these concentrations. The highest concentration retained for the main test was therefore 25%.

No clinical signs and no mortality were observed during the main test. No local reactions and no notable increase in ear thickness were observed at any of the concentrations. Stimulation index for 1, 2.5, 5, 10, and 25 % were 0.35, 1.18, 0.77, 0.77 and 3.10, respectively. The calculated effective concentration inducing an SI of 3 (EC3) was 24%. Positive control (α-hexylcinnamaldehyde) exhibited evidence of sensitisation (SI = 6.27).

A significant lymphoproliferation (SI > 3) was noted at the concentration 25%. In the absence of local irritation, the significant lymphoproliferative responses observed were attributed to delayed contact hypersensitivity.

Under the test conditions, Terpinolene multiconstituent is classified "R43 May cause sensitisation by skin contact" according to the Directive 67/548/EEC and skin sensitiser Category 1B "H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction" according to the CLP Regulation (EC) N° 1272 /2008.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

adverse effect observed (sensitising)

Additional information:

In a local lymph node assay performed according to OECD Guideline 429 and in compliance with GLP on the structure-related substance Terpinolene multiconstituent, stimulation index (SI) for 1, 2.5, 5, 10, and 25 % were 0.35, 1.18, 0.77, 0.77 and 3.10, respectively. The calculated effective concentration inducing a SI of 3 (EC3) was 24 %.

Migrated from Short description of key information:
In a LLNA, Terpinolene multiconstituent induced skin sensitisation with an EC3=24%.

Justification for selection of skin sensitisation endpoint:
Only one study available for this endpoint

Respiratory sensitisation

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information:

In a local lymph node assay performed according to OECD Guideline 429 and in compliance with GLP, groups of CBA/J mice (4 females/dose)

were exposed to 25 µL of Terpinolene multiconstituent in Acetone/Olive oil (4/1, v/v) at concentrations of 0 (vehicle control), 1, 2.5, 5, 10, and 25 % (v/v) to the dorsal surface of both ears for three consecutive days. On Day 6, all animals were injected with 3H-methyl thymidine and after five hours the draining (auricular) lymph nodes were excised and measured for radioactivity expressed as number of disintegrations per minute (DPM) and stimulation index. The test concentrations for the main study were determined from a preliminary study where erythema and dryness of the skin were observed in right ear treated at 100% of both females. Dryness of the skin was noted in left ear treated at 50% of these females. In addition, an increase in ear thickness was recorded at the concentrations of 50% and 100%, showing the irritant potential of the test item at these concentrations. The highest concentration retained for the main test was therefore 25%.

No clinical signs and no mortality were observed during the main test. No local reactions and no notable increase in ear thickness were observed at any of the concentrations. Stimulation index (SI) for 1, 2.5, 5, 10, and 25 % were 0.35, 1.18, 0.77, 0.77 and 3.10, respectively. The calculated effective concentration inducing a SI of 3 (EC3) was 24%. Positive control (α-hexylcinnamaldehyde) exhibited evidence of sensitisation (SI = 6.27).

A significant lymphoproliferation (SI > 3) was noted at the concentration of 25% and above. In the absence of local irritation, the significant lymphoproliferative responses observed were attributed to delayed contact hypersensitivity.

Justification for classification or non-classification

A structure-related substance Terpinolene multiconstituent induced positive response in LLNA with an EC3 = 24% and is considered as a skin sensitiser. Therefore the substance is classified "R43 May cause sensitisation by skin contact" according to the Directive 67/548/EEC and skin sensitiser Category 1B "H317 May cause an allergic reaction" according to the CLP Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008.