Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Stability:

According to Annex VIII column 2 The study does not need to be conducted because substance is highly insoluble in water.

Biodegradation:

Biodegradability of test chemical Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex (CAS no. 12227 -62 -2) was estimated by uisng OECD QSAR tool box v3.3 by considering eleven closest read across chemical with log Kow as primary descriptor. Percent degradation of test chemical Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex was estimated to be 2.0% by considering BOD as parameter and microorganisms as inoculum in 28 days. On the basis of percent degradability value it can be concluded that test chemical Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex is not readily biodegradable.

Bioaccumulation:

Bioaccumulation:aquatic/sediments:

Using BCFBAF Program (v3.00) model of EPI suite (2017) the estimated bio concentration factor (BCF) for Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex (CAS No. 12227-62-2) is 912.01 L/kg wet-wt at 25 deg. c which does not exceed the bioconcentration threshold of 2000. Therefore it is concluded that test chemical Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex is non bioaccumulative in food chain.

Transport and distribution:

Adsorption/desorption:

The Soil Adsorption Coefficient i.e. Koc value of test chemical Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex (CAS No. 12227-62-2)) was estimated using EPI suite KOCWIN Program (v2.00) as 1260000 L/kg (log Koc= 6.1003) by means of MCI method at 25 deg. C.  This log Koc value indicates that test chemical Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex has very strong sorption to soil and therefore test chemical has negligible migration potential to ground water.

Additional information

Stability:

According to Annex VIII column 2 The study does not need to be conducted because substance is highly insoluble in water.

Biodegradation:

Biodegradation in water:

Predicted data studies for target chemical Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex (CAS no. 12227 -62 -2) and experimental studies for its structurally similar read across chemical have been conducted and their results are summarized below.

  

In first predicted data study biodegradability of test chemical Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex (CAS no. 12227 -62 -2) was estimated by using OECD QSAR tool box v3.3 by considering eleven closest read across chemical with log Kow as primary descriptor. Percent degradation of test chemical Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex was estimated to be 2.0% by considering BOD as parameter and microorganisms as inoculum in 28 days. On the basis of percent degradability value it can be concluded that test chemical Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex is not readily biodegradable.

 

In another prediction the Estimation Programs Interface Suite (EPI suite, 2017) was run to predict the biodegradation potential of the test compound Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex (CAS no. 12227 -62 -2) in the presence of mixed populations of environmental microorganisms. The biodegradability of the substance was calculated using seven different models such as Linear Model, Non-Linear Model, Ultimate Biodegradation Timeframe, Primary Biodegradation Timeframe, MITI Linear Model, MITI Non-Linear Model and Anaerobic Model (called as Biowin 1-7, respectively) of the BIOWIN v4.10 software. The results indicate that chemical Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex is expected to be not readily biodegradable.

 

Next study was experimental study done by SSS UERL lab (2017) in this study 28-days Closed Bottle test following the OECD guideline 301D was done to determine the ready biodegradability of the read across item disodium3 -[(2,4 -dimethyl-5 -sulphonatophenyl)azo]-4 -hydroxynaphthalene-1 -sulphonate(CAS No.4548 -53 -2). The test system included control, read across item and reference item. The concentration of read across and reference item (Sodium Benzoate) chosen for the study was 32 mg/l and 32mg/l, while that of inoculum was 32ml/l. ThOD (Theoretical oxygen demand) of read across and reference item was determined by calculation. % Degradation was calculated using the values of BOD and ThOD for test item and reference item. The BOD28 value of Disodium 3 -[(2,4 -dimethyl-5 -sulphonatophenyl)azo]-4 -hydroxynaphthalene-1 -sulphonate (CAS No. 4548 -53 -2) was observed to be 0.475 mgO2/mg. ThOD was calculated as 1.465 mgO2/mg. Accordingly, the % degradation of the read across item after 28 days of incubation at 20 ± 1°C according to Closed Bottle test was determined to be 32.42%. Based on the results, the read across item disodium 3 -[(2,4 -dimethyl-5 -sulphonatophenyl)azo]-4 -hydroxynaphthalene-1 -sulphonate, under the test conditions, was considered to be not readily biodegradable at 20 ± 1°C over a period of 28 days.

 

Another study was done for same read across chemical as mentioned in above study was also experimental study done by SSS UERL lab (2017) in this study the 28-days Manometric respirometry test following the OECD guideline 301F was done to determine the ready biodegradability of the read across chemical disodium 3- [(2,4 -dimethyl-5 -sulphonatophenyl)azo]-4 -hydroxynaphthalene-1 -sulphonate, CAS No. 4548 -53 -2. The test system included control, read across item and reference item. The concentration of read across and reference item ( Sodium Benzoate) chosen for both the study was 30 mg/L, while that of inoculum was 10 ml/l. ThOD (Theoretical oxygen demand) of read across and reference item was determined by calculation. % Degradation was calculated using the values of BOD and ThOD for read across item and reference item. The BOD28 value of read across chemical disodium 3-[(2,4-dimethyl-5-

sulphonatophenyl)azo]-4-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulphonate, CAS No. 4548-53-2 was observed to be mgO2sup>/mg. ThOD was calculated as mgO2/mg. Accordingly, the % degradation of the read across item after 28 days of incubation at 20 ± 1°C according to manometric respirometry test was determined to be 12.807 %. Based on the results, the test item, under the test conditions, was considered to be not readily biodegradable at 20± 1°C over a period of 28 days.

 

 

Next study was done from The Journal of Toxicological Sciences (1978) by Yasuhide Tonogai, Masahiro Iwaida, Masatomo Tati, Youki Ose And Takahiko Sato in this study Biodegradation study was conducted under aerobic conditions for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of read across substance trisodium (4E)-3-oxo-4-[2-(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-3,4-dihydronaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate (CAS no. 915 -67 -3). Activated sludge was used as a test inoculums obtained from the municipal sewage treatment plant, Nakahama, Osaka. The return sludge was acclimated to the synthetic sewage for a week or longer, and it was used for the aerobic and anaerobic decomposition experiments. Synthetic sewage was prepared by dissolving Glucose, peptone and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 30g each, in 1 liter water and the pH was adjusted to pH 7.0 with sodium hydroxide. Concentration of inoculum used for the study was 3000 mg/l. Percentage degradation of chemical was determined by measuring the absorbance (test material analysis), oxygen uptake and BOD parameter. For the aerobic decomposition of dyes with sludge, 250 ml of O.03 M dye solution was added to 750ml of sludge (MLSS ca, 3,000 ppm), and bubbled with air sufficiently at 20°C. 5ml sample was taken out once a day. After sampling 5ml of synthetic sewage was added to the mixture. Each sample was filtered through filter paper and diluted twenty times prior to the spectrophotometric measurement at the absorption maximum within the visible range. The decrease of dyes concentration was expressed in terms of percent to the initial absorption whereas measurement oxygen uptake by sludge involve 2.0 ml of sludge, 0.2 ml of 1,000 ppm dye solution, and O.2 ml of 20% potassium hydroxide were pipetted into the vessel, the side arm and central well, respectively. The sludge and the dye solution were mixed and the vessel was shaken at 25"C. The oxygen uptake was measured. The oxygen uptake by sludge alone was subtracted from the by dye addition. For determining the BOD values, read across chemical solutions (10, 20 and 40 ppm) were prepared with the seeded dilution water and kept at 20°C. The dissolved oxygen contents were then measured by using a dissolved oxygen meter. The percentage degradation of read across chemical trisodium (4E)-3-oxo-4-[2-(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-3,4-dihydronaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate was determined to be 20% in 10 days by using the test material analysis parameter. From the oxygen uptake by Warburg’s manometer, the low activity of the sludge to dye was obtained and by using the dissolved oxygen meter, the dissolved oxygen contents on the 5th day were essentially the same to initial ones. Thus, based on percentage degradation, the chemical trisodium (4E)-3-oxo-4-[2-(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-3,4-dihydronaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate was considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.

 

Another experimental study was done from The Journal of Toxicological Sciences (1978) by Yasuhide TONOGAI, Masahiro IWAIDA, Masatomo TATI, Youki OSE and Takahiko SATO in this study the COD and BOD values of the 10mg/l dye solution were determined according to the procedure described in the JIS K0102.

Determination of BOD –Dye solution (10, 20, and 40 ppm) were prepared with the seeded dilution water and kept at 20°C (Japanese Industrial Standards Committee, 1971). The dissolved oxygen contents were measured by a dissolved oxygen meter, because of the coloration of the solutions.

The COD, BOD and absorbance at 245 and 545 nm (representing ultraviolet and the visible absorbance) was studied.

Amaranth dye (CAS no. 915 -67 -3) showed small BOD and COD values less than 100 ppm at concentration of 100 mg-dye/l. The general limit of BOD and COD for effluent by the Law is regulated to be below 160 ppm (daily average 120 ppm). In BOD experiment, the dissolved oxygen contents on the 5^thday were essentially the same to the initial values. From the results of BOD, COD experiments, it was concluded that Amaranth dye is not readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions.

 

On the basis of all the studies mentioned above it can be concluded that test chemical Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex (CAS No. 12227-62-2) is not readily biodegradable.

Bioaccumulation:

Bioaccumulation:aquatic/sediments:

Predicted data study for target chemical Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid (CAS no.12227-62-2) and experimental studies for its structurally similar red across chemicals have been caonducted for bioaccumulation in water and sediments endpoint and their results are summarized below.

 

Predicted data study for target chemical was done by using BCFBAF Program (v3.00) model of Estimation Program Interface (EPI suite, 2017) the estimated bio concentration factor (BCF) for Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex (CAS No. 12227-62-2) is 912.01 L/kg wet-wt at 25 deg. c which does not exceed the bioconcentration threshold of 2000. Therefore it is concluded that test chemical Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex is non bioaccumulative in food chain.

 

Next was experimental study done from authoritative database (J check, 2017) in this study Bioaccumulation experiment was conducted on test organism Cyprinus carpio for 28 days for evaluating the bioconcentration factor (BCF value) of 1,3-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 7-hydroxy-8-((4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo)-, trisodium salt (CAS no. 2611-82-7). The study was performed according to other guideline "Bioaccumulation test of a chemical substance in fish or shellfish" provided in "the Notice on the Test Method Concerning New Chemical Substances". Cyprinus carpio was used as a test organism for the study. Details on analytical methods involve the recovery ratio: Test water: 100% (The test solution were input analytical equipment directly), Fish: 82.4%, - Limit of quantitation: Test water: 1st concentration area : 21µg/l, 2nd concentration area : 2.1µg/l, Fish: 260 ng/g.  Read across chemical nominal concentration used for the study were 0.474mg/l and 0.0474 mg/l, respectively. Range finding study involve the LC50 (96 hr) > 200 mg/l on Rice fish (Oryzias latipes).The bioconcentration factor (BCF value) of read across substance 1,3-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 7-hydroxy-8-((4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo)-, trisodium salt on Cyprinus carpio was determined to be ≤ 0.55 L/Kg at a conc. of 0.474 mg/l and ≤ 5.6 L/Kg at a conc. of 0.0474 mg/l, respectively, which does not exceed the bioconcentration threshold of 2000, indicating that the read across chemical 1,3-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 7-hydroxy-8-((4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo)-, trisodium salt is not expected to bioaccumulate in the food chain.

 

Another experimental study was done from authoritative database (HSDB, 2017) in this study the bioaccumulation experiment was conducted for estimating the BCF (bioaccumulation factor) value of read across chemical 1,3 -Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 7 -hydroxy-8 -((4 -sulfo-1 -naphthalenyl)azo)-, trisodium salt (CAS no. 2611 -82 -7). The bioaccumulation factor (BCF) value was calculated using a measured water solubility of 80,000 mg/l and a recommended regression-derived equation. The estimated BCF (bioaccumulation factor) value of 1,3 -Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 7 -hydroxy-8 -((4 -sulfo-1 -naphthalenyl)azo)-, trisodium salt was determined to be 1.0 dimensionless, which does not exceed the bioconcentration threshold of 2000, indicating that the read across chemical 1,3 -Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 7 -hydroxy-8 -((4 -sulfo-1 -naphthalenyl)azo)-, trisodium salt is considered to be non-accumulative in aquatic organisms.

 

Last experimental study was also done from authoritative database (HSDB, 2017) in this study the bioaccumulation experimental was conducted for estimating the BCF (bioaccumulation factor) value of read across chemical 4-Amino-5-hydroxy-3-[(4-nitrophenyl)azo]-6- -(phenylazo)-2,7-Naphthalene disulfonic acid, disodium salt (CAS no. 1064-48-8). The bioaccumulation factor (BCF) value was calculated using a log Kow and a regression-derived equation. The estimated BCF (bioaccumulation factor) value of 4-Amino-5-hydroxy-3-[(4-nitrophenyl)azo]-6- -(phenylazo)-2,7-Naphthalene disulfonic acid, disodium salt was determined to be 3 dimensionless, which does not exceed the bioconcentration threshold of 2000, indicating that the chemical 4-Amino-5-hydroxy-3-[(4-nitrophenyl)azo]-6- -(phenylazo)-2,7-Naphthalene disulfonic acid, disodium salt is considered to be non-accumulative in aquatic organisms.

 

By considering all the studies mentioned above it can be concluded that test chemical Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex (CAS no. 12227-62-2) is non bioaccumulative in food chain.

Transport and distribution:

Adsorption/desorption:

Predicted data study for target chemical Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex (CAS No. 12227-62-2) and supporting experimental study for its structurally similar read cross chemical have been conducted for adsorption endpoint and their results are summarized below.

 

In predicted data study the Soil Adsorption Coefficient i.e. Koc value of test chemical Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex (CAS No. 12227-62-2) was estimated using Estimation Program Interface (EPI suite, 2017) KOCWIN Program (v2.00) as 1260000 L/kg (log Koc= 6.1003) by means of MCI method at 25 deg. C.  This log Koc value indicates that test chemical Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex has very strong sorption to soil and therefore test chemical has negligible migration potential to ground water.

 

Another study was experimental study for read across chemical trisodium (4E)-3-oxo-4-[2-(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-3,4-dihydronaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate (CAS no. 915 -67 -3) Amaranth dye from Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, by Nanganoa L.T, Ketcha J.M. and Ndi J.N. (2014) in this study the capability of smectite clay (Sa01) was investigated as a low cost adsorbent for the adsorption of a hazardous water soluble dye amaranth from aqueous solutions.

The clay material obtained from Sabga in the North West region of Cameroon (Sa01).Sa01 was air dried, ground into fine powder using a mortar and was then passed through an 80 μm mesh opening size sieve. The sieved powder was kept in an oven at 110°C for 24 hours, removed and cooled in a dessicator before use.

The experiments were conducted with artificial wastewater solution prepared by dissolving amaranth dye in distilled water. A 1000 mg/L stock solution of amaranth was prepared. By dilution with distilled water, standard solutions were also prepared. The concentrations of these solutions were measured with a UV spectrophotometer at a wavelength of maximum absorption of 520 nm. A calibration curve of absorbance versus concentration of the dye was plotted. The pH of the solutions was adjusted with either 0.1 M HCl or 0.1 M NaOH.

Batch mode adsorption studies were performed at ambient temperature of 25°C. Solutions containing known concentrations of adsorbate and accurately weighed amounts of adsorbent were introduced in 250 ml capacity flasks, sealed and agitated with a magnetic stirrer at given time intervals.

Two types of isotherm models were investigated; the Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherms.

83.6% of dye was adsorbed at pH 2, adsorbent mass of 1.0 g and initial dye concentration of 30 mg/L.

kf =0.281, kl = 0.0822

kf = freundlich adsorption isotherm constant

kl = Langmuir adsorption isotherm constant

The Freundlich adsorption isotherm was observed to correlate better the experimental data with R2 = 0.9894.

 

On the basis of both the studies mentioned above it can be concluded that test chemical test chemical Aluminium, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid complex has very strong sorption to soil and therefore test chemical has negligible migration potential to ground water.