Aluminium trititanium dodecachloride

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

1972

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Justification for type of information:

The data was collected and selected by competent authority.

Qualifier:

no guideline available

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Not known

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Not known

Analytical monitoring:

no

Details on sampling:

No data was available

Vehicle:

not specified

Details on test solutions:

Not available

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia sp.

Details on test organisms:

Daphnia magna, Cyclops sp.

Test type:

other: Not availalble

Total exposure duration:

48 h

pH:

5 - 8.5

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Remarks:

immobilization

Effect conc.:

3.9 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

element

Remarks:

as total aluminum

Remarks on result:

other: pH 7.7

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Remarks:

immobilization

Effect conc.:

1.4 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

element

Remarks:

total aluminum

Remarks on result:

other: pH 7.5 - 8.2

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

other: Maximum acute alumium toxicity

Effect conc.:

>= 0.3 mg/L

Remarks on result:

other: pH 5 and 6.5 in soft water with 2.5mg/L Ca

Acute lethality for Daphnia sp. and Cyclops sp. at 0.1 mg/L for 72 h

Mortality varied with pH:

  80 – 100 % at pH5

  25 – 30 % at pH6.0 – 7.2

  50 – 60% at pH 8.5

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

The acute toxicity of aluminum ion varied with test conditions, e.g. pH.
Immobilization toxicities for 48 h varied from LC50 1.4 mg/L at pH 7.5 - 8.2 to LC50 3.9 mg/L at pH 7.7.

Executive summary:

The acute toxicity of aluminum ion varied with test conditions, pH and so on. Immobilisation toxicities for 48 h varied from LC50 1.4 mg/L at pH 7.5 - 8.2 to LC50 3.9 mg/L at pH 7.7.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline available

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The test method was described in detail.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

grade: American Chemical reagent grade
Treatment: Stock solution was prepared in lake water. The solution was aged for at least 4 days to allow them to become chemically equilibrated before being used for testing animals.

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

The test substance was dissolved in lake water.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia sp.

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia dubia
- Justification for species other than prescribed by test guideline: a laboratory clone
- Source: The University of Michigan
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): 12 h-old (0 - 24h)
- Feeding during test once a week
- Food type: not known
- Amount: 1ml/L
- Frequency: Twice a week for rearing and once a week for testing

Test type:

static

Water media type:

other: lake water see table

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Test temperature:

18±1°C

pH:

7.7

Dissolved oxygen:

Near the saturation at all time

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Not specified

Details on test conditions:

10 daphnids 12±12 hr old were placed in duplicate test chambers and subjected to test conditions for 2 days (48 hor).
Tests were run both with and without food additions. Complete immobilization or death was the endpoint.

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

3.65 mg/L

Conc. based on:

element (dissolved fraction)

Remarks:

Aluminum

Remarks on result:

other: Daphnia pulex adult

Remarks:

Without food

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Remarks:

soluble metal

Effect conc.:

153.44 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

not specified

Conc. based on:

element (dissolved fraction)

Remarks on result:

other: Ceriodaphnia dubia neonate

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Statistically evaluated with the method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon (1949) for establishing approximations of the 95% confidence limits for survival.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

Immobilisation toxitiy (LD50 ) of dissolved aluminum ion to Daphnia magna was 3.65 mg/L (corresponds to 18.0 mg/L as Aluminum chloride) without food.
Immobilisation toxicity (LD50) of dissolved aluminum ion to Ceriodaphnia was 153.44 mg/L (corresponds to 757.99 mg/L as aluminum chloride).

Executive summary:

Immobilisation toxitiy (LD50 ) of dissolved aluminum ion to Daphnia magna was 3.65 mg/L (corresponds to 18.0 mg/L as Aluminum chloride) without food.

Immobilisation toxicity (LD50) of dissolved aluminum ion to Ceriodaphnia was 153.44 mg/L (corresponds to 757.99 mg/L as aluminum chloride).

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Version / remarks:

2004

Deviations:

not specified

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Test was conducted with fine and ultra fine titanium dioxide. The particle size of fine titanium dioxide is about 380 nm and that of ultra fine titanium dioxide is 140 nm.

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Details on sampling:

not known

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

0.1 and 1.0 mg/L test concentrations were clear and colourless with no precipitation at start. The 10 and 100 mg/L test concentrations were cloudy (white in colour) and had suspended substance present at start.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

Less than 24 h old

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Post exposure observation period:

Not known

Test temperature:

Fine titanium dioxide 20.2 °C (20.1 - 20.3 °C)
Ultra fine titanium dioxide 20.1 °C (20.0 - 20.2 °C)

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentration 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

One chamber was used per test substance with 10 organisms in each chamber.
unaerated static test.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Immobilization of Daphnia magna

	% immobility
Concentration	0.1 mg/L	1.0 mg/L	10.0 mg/L	100.0 mg/L
Fine TiO2	0	0	0	10
Ultra fine TiO2	0	0	0	10

 

 

 

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

EC50 of titanium dioxide was more than 100 mg/L -48 h.
The results demonstrated that fine and ultra fine titanium dioxide particles exhibited low concern for aquatic hazard in unaerated, 48 h, static acute test.

Executive summary:

EC50 of titanium dioxide was more than 100 mg/L -48 h. The results demonstrated that fine and ultra fine titanium dioxide particles exhibited low concern for aquatic hazard in unaerated, 48 h, static acute test.

Description of key information

Acute toxicity of aluminum ion varies in test conditions such as pH, water hardness and so on. Immobilisation toxicity to Daphnia magna for 48 h varied from LC50 1.4 mg/L as Al at pH 7.5 - 8.2 to LC50 3.9 mg/L as Al at pH 7.7.

Another test said that LC50 was 38.2 mg/L-48 h as aluminum at pH 7.05 and hardness 220 mg/L as CaCO3.

Toxicities to Daphnia pulex and Ceriodaphnia were reported, LC50 to Daphnia pulex 3.65 mg/L-48 h without food and LC50 to Ceriodaphnia was 153.44 mg/L-48 h as aluminum.

As for Titanium, titanium trichloride decomposes gradually to titanium oxide and hydrogen chloride in water, which exposes to the air. Titianium oxide is very poorly soluble in water at neutral pH(<0.1 μg/L); Excess titanium dioxide will be present as precipitate. Toxicity of titanium dioxide is very low, >100 mg/L.

The additional released hydrogen chloride is considered irrelevant as its pH effect should be excluded according to the test guideline and additional chloride ion is non-toxic and with regard to the high natural background concentration.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

112 mg/L