Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
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EC number: 233-071-3 | CAS number: 10028-18-9
Toxicity to terrestrial plants
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Several studies investigating the toxicity of Ni to soil microorganisms were identified as key studies, and used for derivation of the HC5 and terrestrial PNEC. The lowest NOEC was 11 mg Ni/kg dw.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for terrestrial plants:
- 11 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
From the database of chronic nickel toxicity to higher plants, there are many individual high quality NOEC/L(E) C10 values from different species. When expressed as total soil Ni, these range from 11 mg/kg for Lycopersicon esculentum (Rotahmsted Research, 2005) to 1303.2 mg Ni/kg for Zea mays (Nie et al, 2015). Below are the accepted high quality studies for terrestrial plants used for derivation of the HC5 and terrestrial PNEC.
Key Study (Terrestrial plants) | Selected values for the most sensitive endpoints used for derivation of the terrestrial HC5 | ||
Species | Added NOEC or EC10 (mg/kg dw) | Total NOEC or EC10 (mg/kg dw) | |
Rothamsted Research, 2005 | Hordeum vulgare | 31-1101 | 32-1127 |
Lycopersicon esculentum | 10-599 | 11-625 | |
Willaert & Verloo, 1988 | Spinach | 10-100 | 13-120 |
Halstead et al., 1969 | Avena sativa | 43-453 | 57-467 |
Medicago sativa | 34-383 | 48-397 | |
Liang & Schoenau, 1995 | Avena sativa | 80 | 88 |
Raphanus sativus | 80 | 88 | |
Lactuca sativa | 40 | 67 | |
Dang et al., 1990 | Allium cepa | 46 | 60 |
Trigonella poenumgraceum | 84 | 98 | |
Frossard et al., 1989 | Lolium perenne | 110 | 129 |
Gupta et al., 1987 | Lactuca sativa | 18-422 | 34-443 |
De Haan et al., 1985 | Avena sativa | 16-66 | 18-93 |
Metwally & Rabie, 1989 | Zea mays | 19-119 | 59-173 |
The acute EC50 (4 d) values range from ≥54.5 mg/kg soil d.w. to ≤1928.2 mg/kg for root elongation forHordeum vulgare.
There is some activity derived also from the presence of fluroide. However, the report issued by the Commission (SCHER 2010, Critical review of any new evidence on the hazard profile, health effects, and human exposure to fluoride and the fluoridating agents of drinking water) about the addition of fluoride in drinking water clearly states that "Exposure of environmental organisms to levels of fluoride as used in fluoridation of drinking waters are not expected to lead to unacceptable risks to the environment."
CONCLUSION: NOEC 11mg/Kg Ni2+ (= 18.1 mg/Kg NiF2)
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