Tosylchloramide sodium

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Only a summary of the test results is available, therefore validity cannot be assessed.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: NEN 6501, which is fully comparable with OECD 202-1

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

1.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

4.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Basis for effect:

mobility

Immobilisation data

Chloramine-T trihydrate nominal concentration (mg/L)	Mortality
	Number	%
0	0	0
1.8	1	3
3.2	2	7
5.6	23	77
10	30	100
18	30	100

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The EC50-48h is 4.5 mg/l.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

An a-specific method of analyses was used but because also control samples were analyzed it was shown that the response measured was related to concentration of the test substance. The concentrations measured are therefore reprentative for the concentration a.i.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

a) Artemia were used instead of Daphnids. b) Test duration was 72 hours instead of 48 hours. c) A concentration factor of > 2.2 was used.  d) Synthetic seawater was used instead of reconsitituted water as testmedium. e) The testvessel volume was adjusted 

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Samples were taken and analyzed in single fold at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours from parallel vessels without test organisms.

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Artemia sp.

Details on test organisms:

- Strain: In-house culture
- Supplier: Dose Aquatist, Bonn, Germany
- Age:  < 24 hrs
- Feeding: no
- Pretreatment: no 
- Feeding during test: no

Test type:

static

Water media type:

saltwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

72 h

Test temperature:

19.5  - 20.5 °C

pH:

8.0 - 8.1

Dissolved oxygen:

8.9 - 9.1 mg/l

Nominal and measured concentrations:

nominal: 0, 4.2, 10.4, 26, 64, 160, 400 and 1000 mg/l

Details on test conditions:

DILUTION WATER
- Source: Synthetic seawater, HW Meersalz, Wiegandt, Kreefeld, Germany
- Aeration: not aerated

- Volume of test vessels: 40 mL vessels with 20 mL substance
- Volume/animal; 4 mL/animal
- Number of animals/vessel: 5 animals/vessel
- Number of vessels/ concentration: 4 vessels/concentration
- Photoperiod: 16:8 light-dark cycle

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

10.4 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Basis for effect:

mobility

Key result

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

24.55 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CL 18.99-31.74 mg/L

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

EC100

Effect conc.:

400 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Basis for effect:

mobility

Reported statistics and error estimates:

The EC50 values were calculated using a software program (Akzo Nobel SKBT version 1.0) based on the trimmed Spearman-Karber method and the binomial method.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES

Nominal (mg/L)	Measured (mg/L)				% of nominal concentration
	0	24	48	72	0	24	48	72
0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	-	-	-	-
4.2	4.7	2.2	2.7	2.2	110	52	64	53
10.4	11.3	7.3	6.7	7.9	108	70	64	76
26	26	25	24	26	100	96	92	100
64	69	64	67	67	107	100	105	105
160	161	169	170	164	100	106	104	103
400	433	449	461	479	108	112	115	119
1000	1026	1046	1238	1268	103	105	124	127

BIOLIOGICAL OBSERVATIONS

All Artemia survived during 72 hours of testing in the controls and in the concentrations up to 10.4 mg/L Chloramine-T trihydrate. Complete immobilization (mortality) was observed at 400 and 1000 mg/L Chloramine-T trihydrate. No other deviations, such as changes in the behaviour or other effects have been observed.

Immobilisation data

Test­-Substance Concentration (nominal) [mg/L]
	Immobile Artemia
	Number 24 h    48 h    72 h			Percentage 24 h    48 h    72 h
0	1	1	1	5	5	5
4.2	0	0	1	0	0	5
10.4	0	0	0	0	0	0
26	2	8	13	10	40	65
64	0	17	18	0	85	90
160	0	18	19	0	90	95
400	2	19	20	10	95	100
1000	14	20	20	70	100	100

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

On the basis of the results as presented it can be concluded that the Artemia nauplii is susceptible to Halamid at concentrations of 10 mg/l or higher. Complete immobilization (mortality) of the Artemia is accomplished at a concentration of 400 mg/l Tosylchloramide sodium, trihydrate or higher. These figures are based on a test duration of 72 hours.

Executive summary:

In order to determine the susceptibility of Artemia to Tosylchloramide sodium, trihydrate in an aquatic environment, the toxicity of Tosylchloramide sodium, trihydrate to Artemia was assessed. Tosylchloramide sodium, trihydrate was tested in an acute toxicity test with the brine shrimp Artemia nauplii under static conditions in accordance with a slightly modified OECD test guideline for testing of chemicals, 202 (1984.04.04), and EEC directive 79/831, Annex V, part C: Methods for the determination of ecotoxicity, part C2. Acute toxicity for Daphnia (updated version of November 1989).

The Artemia were exposed to seven concentrations of the test substance for 72 hours and immobility and other biological observations, such as deviations in the behaviour or appearance of the Artemia were recorded after 24 and 48 and 72 hours.

All the Artemia survived in the controls and up to a concentration of 10.4 mg/l during 72 hours of testing.

Based on the results an EC50, value of 24.55 mg/l with 95% confidence limits of 18.99 and 31.74 mg/l was calculated. The NOEC (the lowest concentration causing no effect) value for this test is 10.4 mg/l Halamid.

No other deviations, such as changes in the behaviour,or other sublethal effects have been observed.

Based on these results, it may be concluded that Artemia nauplli is susceptible to halamid at concentrations of 10 mg/l Tosylchloramide sodium, trihydrate or higher, and that complete immbbilisation is accomplished at 400 mg/l or higher.

At the start of the test the exposure concentrations were substantially achieved. The low recoveries at the end of the test (52 -110%) at the lower concentrations were probably due to photodegradation or to impurities in the test medium (synthetic seawater). The somewhat high recoveries (100 - 127%) at the highest concentrations were presumably the result of the inaccuracy of the sample preparation of the analytical method used.

This test is valid as shown by the immobilization in the controls which was below 10%, no animals were trapped at the surface of the water, the oxygen concentration during the test did not drop below 2 mg/l and by the pH deviation which was less than 1 unit throughout the test.

Description of key information

Both a freshwater as well as a marine invertebrate have been tested with the substance Tosylchloramide sodium and also for its first transformation product p-TSA data for daphnia are available.

EC50 values indicate daphnia is more sensitive than brine shrimp (4.5 mg/L versus 24.55 mg/L respectively).

For p-TSA data have been included which indicate p-TSA has a lower toxicity to daphnia than Tosylchloramide sodium.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

4.5 mg/L

Marine water invertebrates

Marine water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

24.55 mg/L

Additional information

Based on the available short term toxicity data, aquatic invertebrates seem to be less sensitive to p-TSA than to Tosylchloramide sodium. In addition brine shrimp indicate to be equally or less sensitive to Tosylchloramide sodium compared to fresh water daphnia. Given the reliability scores and toxicity values of the available short term studies, PNEC has been derived from the long term toxicity studies to aquatic invertebrates.