4-nitrophenol

Guidance on Safe Use

First-aid measures

Emergency and first aid procedures

In case of exposure do not wait for symptoms to develop. Immediately start the recommended procedures below and when any of the signs of exposure occurs (see 2.3.), call a doctor (physician), clinic or hospital immediately. Explain that the victim has been exposed to p-nitrophenol, and describe his/her condition

and the extent of exposure. Immediately remove the exposed person from the area where the product is present. Clothing contaminated with material must be removed immediately and all skin washed thoroughly. If breathing has stopped, immediately start artificial respiration and maintain until a physician takes charge of the exposed person.

Inhalation

If experiencing any discomfort, immediately remove from exposure. Get medical attention immediately if any symptom develops.

Ingestion

Let the exposed person rinse mouth, but do not induce vomiting. If vomiting does occur, rinse mouth again. Never give anything by

mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin contact

Immediately flush with much water while removing contaminated clothing and footwear. Wash with water and soap. See physician immediately if symptoms develop.

Eye contact

Immediately rinse with much water or eyewash solution, occasionally opening eyelids, until no evidence of chemical remains. Remove contact lenses after a few minutes and rinse again. See physician immediately.

Note to physician

Gastric lavage and/or administration of activated charcoal can be considered. Possible mucosal damage may contraindicate the use of gastric lavage. After decontamination, t reatment is symptomatic and supportive.

Fire-fighting measures

Extinguishing media and procedure

Dry chemical or carbon dioxide for small fires, water spray or foam for large fires. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Approach

fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapours and toxic decomposition products. Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance. Avoid heavy hose streams. Dike area to prevent water runoff. Firemen should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing.

Hazardous decomposition products in a fire

The essential breakdown products are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides.

Unusual fire and explosion hazards

The substance decomposes when heated, starting at 279°C. Pressure will build up in closed containers. When heated, the substance is capable of burning even in the absence of oxygen.

Accidental release measures

Personal protection

Observe all protection and safety precautions when cleaning up spills. Depending on the magnitude of the spill this may mean wearing respiratory protection, face mask or safety glasses, chemical resistant clothing, gloves and boots.

Steps to be taken in case of spill

It is recommended to have a predetermined plan for the handling of spills. Empty, closable vessels for the collection of spills should be available.

Stop the source of the spill immediately if safe to do so. Contain the spill to prevent any further contamination of surface, soil or water. Avoid and reduce formation of airborne dust as much as possible, if appropriate by moistening. Remove sources of ignition. Keep unprotected persons away from the spill area.

Cleaning method

Spills on the floor or other impervious surface should immediately be swept up or preferably vacuumed up using equipment with high efficiency final filter. Transfer to suitable containers. Rinse area with industrial detergent and much water. Absorb wash liquid onto absorbent material such as universal binder, Fuller’s earth, bentonite or other absorbent clay and transfer to suitable containers. Wash waters must be prevented from entering surface water drains. Large spills which soak into the ground should be dug up and placed in suitable containers. Spills in water should be contained as much as possible by isolation of the contaminated water. The contaminated water must be collected and removed for treatment or disposal. Uncontrolled discharge into water courses must be alerted to the appropriate regulatory body.

Disposal

The used containers should be properly closed and labelled.

Handling and storage

Precautions to be taken in handling

In an industrial environment, it is recommended to avoid all personal contact with the product, if possible by using closed systems with remote system control. Otherwis e the material should be handled by mechanical means as much as possible. Adequate ventilation or local exhaust ventilation is required. The exhaust gases should be filtered or treated otherwise.

Precautions to be taken in storing

Stable under normal storage conditions. Store in closed, labelled containers. The storage room should be constructed of incombustible material, closed, dry, ventilated and with impermeable floor, without access of unauthorised persons or children. The room should only be used for storage of chemicals. Food, drink, feed and seed should not be present. A hand wash station should be available.

Specific use

The product is a chemical intermediate for industrial purposes.

Fire and explosion precautions

Like most organic powders, the substance can form explosive mixtures with air. Avoid dust formation and take precautionary measures against static discharge. Use explosion protected equipment. Keep away from sources of ignition and protect from exposure to fire and heat.

Transport information

Land transport (UN RTDG/ADR/RID)

UN number:

1663

Shipping information

Proper shipping name and description:

Nitrophenols

Chemical name:

p-NITROPHENOL

Language:

English

Labels:

Xn; R20/22-33

SpecialProvisions

Inland waterway transport (UN RTDG/ADN(R))

UN number:

1663

Shipping information

Proper shipping name and description:

Nitrophenols

Chemical name:

p-NITROPHENOL

Language:

English

Labels:

Xn; R20/21/22-33

Remarks

Marine transport (UN RTDG/IMDG)

UN number:

1663

Shipping information

Proper shipping name and description:

Nitrophenols

Chemical name:

p-NITROPHENOL

Labels:

Xn; R20/21/22-33

Remarks

Air transport (UN RTDG/ICAO/IATA)

UN number:

1663

Shipping information

Proper shipping name and description:

Nitrophenols

Chemical name:

p-NITROPHENOL

Labels:

Xn; R20/21/22-33

Remarks

SpecialProvisions

Exposure controls / personal protection

Exposure limits

To our knowledge, not established. However, personal exposure limits defined by local regulations may exist and must be observed.

Personal protection

When used in a closed system, personal protection equipment will not be required. The following is meant for other situations, when the use of a closed system is not possible, or when it is necessary to open the system. Consider the need to render equipment or piping systems non-hazardous before opening.

Respiratory protection In the event of an uncontrolled discharge of the material, workers should put on officially approved respiratory protection equipment

with a universal filter type including particle filter.

Protective gloves

Wear chemical resistant gloves, such as barrier laminate, butyl rubber or nitrile rubber. The breakthrough times of these materials for the product are unknown. Generally, however, the use of protective gloves will give only partial protection against dermal exposure. Small tears in the gloves and cross-contamination can

easily occur. It is recommended to limit the work to be done manually and to change the gloves regularly. Wash hands with water and soap immediately after work is finished.

Eye protection

Wear safety glasses. It is recommended to have an eye wash fountain immediately available in the workplace when there is a potential for eye contact.

Other protection

Wear appropriate chemical resistant clothing to prevent skin contact.

Work/hygienic practices

Keep all unprotected persons and children away from working area. Avoid contact with eyes, skin or clothing. Do not breathe vapour or dust. Remove contaminated clothing immediately. Wash thoroughly after handling. Before removing gloves, wash them with water and soap. After work, take off all work clothes and footwear. Take a shower, using water and soap. Wear only clean clothes when leaving job. Wash protective clothing and protective equipment with water and

soap after each use.

Environmental exposure controls

Avoid discharge to the environment.

Stability and reactivity

Thermal decomposition: Stable at ambient temperatures.

Hazardous decomposition products: The essential breakdown products are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides.

Materials to avoid: Strong oxidising compounds

Disposal considerations

Waste disposal method

Waste material which cannot be reused or chemically reprocessed can be disposed of by removal to a licensed chemical destruction plant or by controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing. Do not contaminate food or water by storage or disposal.

Container disposal

Triple rinse (or equivalent) and offer for recycling or reconditioning. Alternatively, the packaging can be punctured to make it unusable for other purposes and then be disposed of in a sanitary landfill. Controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing is possible for combustible packaging materials. Disposal of waste and packagings must always be in accordance with all applicable local regulations.