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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Workers - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
4.9 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
25
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
50 mg/m³
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
123.4 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

The calculation of the DNEL is based on an oral NOAEL observed in a repeated dose oral toxicity study (OECD 408).

To correct the interspecies difference between rat and human the no observed effect level has to be corrected as follows:

Corrected starting point for the inhalative route for workers:

= NOAEL(oral) * (1/0.38 m³/kg bw/day) * (ABSoral-rat/ABSinh-human) * 6.7 m³ (8h) /10 m³ (8h) * (exposure duration (days/week) experimental animal/exposure duration (days/wee) worker)

= 50 mg/kg bw/day * (1/0.38 m³/kg bw/day) * (1/1) * 0.67 m³ * 7/5= 123.4 mg/m³

As worst case as recommended in the ECHA Guidance R.8 (2012), it is assumed that oral absorption rate is 50% of that of of inhalation absorption. For cresols as well as for xylenols it is well known that those substances are well absorbed after oral, dermal and inhalation exposure. Therefore, for all routes an absoprtion of 100% is assumed.

(ABSoral-rat = oral absorption in rats, ABSinh-human = inhalation absorption rate in humans)

Thus, the corrected starting point for workers was 123.4 mg/m³ for inhalation.

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose descriptor starting point is based on a NOAEL.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a subchronic study.
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
AF not used for inhalation route.
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default value according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
AF for intraspecies differences:
5
Justification:
Default value for workers according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a high-qualitiy study.
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertainties.
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
skin irritation/corrosion
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
skin irritation/corrosion
DNEL related information

Workers - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
skin irritation/corrosion
Route of original study:
Dermal
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
skin irritation/corrosion
Route of original study:
Dermal
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
skin irritation/corrosion
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
skin irritation/corrosion

Workers - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)

Additional information - workers

General Population - Hazard via inhalation route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.87 mg/m³
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
50
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
50 mg/kg bw/day
Modified dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEC
Value:
43.5 mg/m³
Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:

The calculation of the DNEL is based on an oral NOAEL observed in a repeated dose oral toxicity study (OECD 408).

To correct the interspecies difference between rat and human the no observed effect level has to be corrected as follows:

Corrected starting point for the inhalative route for general population:

= NOAELoral * (1/1.15 m³/kg bw/day (24h)) * (ABSoral-rat / ABSinh-human)

= 50 mg/kg bw/day * (1/1.15 m³/kg bw/day) * (1/1) = 43.5 mg/m³

As worst case as recommended in the ECHA Guidance R.8 (2012), it is assumed that oral absorption rate is 50% of that of of inhalation absorption. For cresols as well as for xylenols it is well known that those substances are well absorbed after oral, dermal and inhalation exposure. Therefore, for all routes an absorption of 100% is assumed.

(ABSoral-rat = oral absorption in rats, ABSinh-human = inhalation absorption rate in humans)

Thus, the corrected starting point for workers was 43.5 mg/m³ for inhalation.

AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The dose descriptor starting point is based on a NOAEL.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a subchronic study.
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
1
Justification:
AF not used for inhalation route.
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default value according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
Default value for general population according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a high-qualitiy study.
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertainties.
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
skin irritation/corrosion
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
skin irritation/corrosion
DNEL related information

General Population - Hazard via dermal route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
skin irritation/corrosion
Route of original study:
Dermal
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
skin irritation/corrosion
Route of original study:
Dermal
DNEL related information

Local effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
skin irritation/corrosion
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)
Most sensitive endpoint:
skin irritation/corrosion

General Population - Hazard via oral route

Systemic effects

Long term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
0.25 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
repeated dose toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
200
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
50 mg/kg bw/day
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
The does descriptor starting point is based on a NOAEL.
AF for differences in duration of exposure:
2
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a subchronic study.
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
The experimental animal was a rat.
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default value according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
Default value for general population according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a high-qualitiy study.
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertainties.
Acute/short term exposure
Hazard assessment conclusion:
DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
Value:
17.5 mg/kg bw/day
Most sensitive endpoint:
acute toxicity
Route of original study:
Oral
DNEL related information
DNEL derivation method:
ECHA REACH Guidance
Overall assessment factor (AF):
100
Dose descriptor starting point:
NOAEL
Value:
175 mg/kg bw/day
AF for dose response relationship:
1
Justification:
based on a NOAEL from a acute oral toxicity study
AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
4
Justification:
The experimental animal was a rat.
AF for other interspecies differences:
2.5
Justification:
Default value according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
AF for intraspecies differences:
10
Justification:
Default value for general population according to ECHA REACH Guidance.
AF for the quality of the whole database:
1
Justification:
The DNEL is based on a high-qualitiy study.
AF for remaining uncertainties:
1
Justification:
No remaining uncertainties.

General Population - Hazard for the eyes

Local effects

Hazard assessment conclusion:
medium hazard (no threshold derived)

Additional information - General Population