Stoddard solvent

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

QSAR prediction:(Q)SAR calculated endpoint

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: QSAR

Principles of method if other than guideline:

EPI Suite v 4.0/ECOSARv1.00

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

not applicable to QSAR models

Analytical monitoring:

not required

Vehicle:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

other: Daphnid species

Details on test organisms:

no further information

Test type:

other: QSAR model

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

30 d

Hardness:

not applicable. QSAR model

Test temperature:

not applicable. QSAR model

pH:

not applicable. QSAR model

Dissolved oxygen:

not applicable. QSAR model

Salinity:

not applicable. QSAR model

Details on test conditions:

SMILES : CCCCCCCCCC
CHEM : Stoddard solvent
CAS Num: 8052-41-3
MOL FOR: C10 H22
MOL WT : 142.29
Log Kow: 5.252 (EPISuite Kowwin v1.68 Estimate)
Log Kow: 5.01 (PhysProp DB exp value - for comparison only)
Melt Pt: -29.70 (deg C, PhysProp DB exp value for Wat Sol est)
Wat Sol: 1.409 (mg/L, EPISuite WSKowwin v1.43 Estimate)
Wat Sol: 0.052 (mg/L, PhysProp DB exp value)

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

30 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.024 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: (Q)SAR prediction

Remarks on result:

other: toxic as determined by (Q)SAR. Chemical may not be soluble enough to measure this predicted effect

Details on results:

Daphnid, 30-day,NOEC for freshwater species cited as ChV (chronic value) = 0.024 mg/L (ppm).A NOEC value of 0.024 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance on the mortality of the Daphnid. This result signifies that the test substance is expected to be toxic.
The model indicated that Stoddard solvent possess properties indicating a potential hazard for the environment based on nominal loadings.

Overview of QSARs estimations on long-term aquatic toxicity of   Stoddard solvent to Daphnid     

Method	Results	Remarks	Reference
QSAR estimate	Daphnid, 30-day, ChV (chronic value) = 0.024 mg/L (ppm)   Daphnid , 48-hr LC50 =   0.107 mg/L (ppm)	Reliable with restrictions, QSAR estimated data	ECOSAR Program (v1.00)

ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that NOEC for fresh water species Daphnid cited as ChV (chronic value) would to be 0.024 mg/l. 

This result signifies that the test substance is expected to be toxic.

    

 Daphnid, 30-day, ChV (chronic value) = 0.024 mg/L (ppm)

 Daphnid , 48-hr LC50 =  0.107 mg/L (ppm)

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.

Conclusions:

Daphnid, 30-day,NOEC for freshwater species cited as ChV (chronic value) = 0.024 mg/L (ppm).A NOEC value of 0.024 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance on the mortality of the Daphnid. This result signifies that the test substance is expected to be toxic.
The model indicated that Stoddard solvent possess properties indicating a potential hazard for the environment based on nominal loadings.

Executive summary:

ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that NOEC for fresh water species Daphnid cited as ChV (chronic value) would to be 0.024 mg/l. 

This result signifies that the test substance is expected to be toxic.

The model indicated that Stoddard solvent possess properties indicating a potential hazard for the environment based on nominal loadings.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

21 Days

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Justification for type of information:

Published data in readily available literature considered as a reliable data source.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Duplicate samples of freshly prepared WAFs and composited replicate old test solutions were collected each day.

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

Daphnia magna, were exposed for 21 days to five nominal loading levels and a control following OECD TG 211. Individual WAFs were prepared for each loading level, and the study was conducted with periodic renewal of the test solutions.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

Daphnids used in the test were from laboratory in-house culture. Daphnids were =24 hrs old at the start of the test. Daphnids were fed 0.2 ml of algal suspension (Ankistrodesmus falcatus, 4 x 107 cells/ml) and 0.05 ml of a yeast, cereal leaves and digested flaked fish food (YCT) suspension daily during the test.

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

21 d

Hardness:

The water used in this study had a total hardness range of 170-180 mg/l as CaCO3, total alkalinity of 120-130 mg/l as CaCO3

Test temperature:

Water temperature was 19 to 21° C

pH:

7.5 to 8.5

Dissolved oxygen:

Dissolved oxygen concentrations were 9.1 to 9.2 in the new solutions and 8.7 to 9.4 in the old solutions.

Salinity:

Not applicable

Nominal and measured concentrations:

nominal loading levels :1.62,1.4, 1.19, 0.43, 0.37,0.33, 0.28, 0.10

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.1 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOELR

Effect conc.:

0.28 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

EL50

Effect conc.:

1.19 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

0.33 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Details on results:

The daphnid 21-day EL50 value for reproduction was 1.19 mg/L (based on nominal loading levels), while the measured EC50 value was 0.33 mg/L. The NOELR value for reproduction from this study was 0.28 mg/L, while the NOEC value for reproduction was 0.10 mg/L

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The daphnid 21-day EL50 value for reproduction was 1.19 mg/L (based on nominal loading levels), while the measured EC50 value was 0.33 mg/L. The NOELR value for reproduction from this study was 0.28 mg/L, while the NOEC value for reproduction was 0.10 mg/L

Executive summary:

Daphnia magna, were exposed for 21 days to five nominal loading levels and a control following OECD TG 211. Individual WAFs were prepared for each loading level, and the study was conducted with periodic renewal of the test solutions. 

The daphnid 21-day EL₅₀value for reproduction was 1.19 mg/L (based on nominal loading levels), while the measured EC₅₀value was 0.33 mg/L. The NOELR value for reproduction from this study was 0.28 mg/L, while the NOEC value for reproduction was 0.10 mg/L.

Description of key information

ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that NOEC for fresh water species Daphnid cited as ChV (chronic value) would to be 0.024 mg/l. 

 

The daphnid 21-day EL50 value for reproduction was 1.19 mg/L (based on nominal loading levels), while the measured EC50 value was 0.33 mg/L. The NOELR value for reproduction from this study was 0.28 mg/L, while the NOEC value for reproduction was 0.10 mg/L

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

0.28 mg/L

Marine water invertebrates

Marine water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

0.028 mg/L