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Ecotoxicological information

Short-term toxicity to fish

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Link to relevant study record(s)

Description of key information

ABS: OECD TG 203, Leuciscus idus: 96 h-LC0  >= 100 g/L and LC50 > 100 g/L (nominal, highest concentration tested) (Hygiene-Institut des Ruhrgebiets 2002a)
ABS from toploader kiln: OECD TG 203, Leuciscus idus: 96 h-LC0 >= 100 g/L, LC50 > 100 g/L (nominal, highest concentration tested) (Hygiene-Institut des Ruhrgebiets 2003)
ABS from toploader kiln: OECD TG 203, Leuciscus idus: 96 h-LC0 >= 100 g/L, LC50 > 100 g/L (nominal, highest concentration tested) (Hygiene-Institut des Ruhrgebiets 2008a)
GBS: OECD TG 203, Leuciscus idus: 96 h-LC0  >= 1000 g/L and LC50 > 1000 g/L (nominal, highest concentration tested) (Hygiene-Institut des Ruhrgebiets 2000b)
BOS: OECD TG 203, Leuciscus idus: 96 h-LC0 >= 100 g/L, 96 h-LC50 > 100 g/L (nominal, highest concentration tested) (Hygiene-Institut des Ruhrgebiets 2001a)
BOS: OECD TG 203, Leuciscus idus: 96 h-LC0 >= 100 g/L, 96 h-LC50 > 100 g/L (nominal, highest concentration tested) (Hygiene-Institut des Ruhrgebiets 2001b)
EAF C: OECD TG 203, Leuciscus idus: 96 h-LC0 >= 100 g/L, 96 h-LC50 > 100 g/L (nominal, highest concentration tested) (Hygiene-Institut des Ruhrgebiets 2001c)
EAF S: OECD 203, Danio rerio: 96 h-LC0 >= 100 mg/L, 96 h-LC50 > 100mg/L (nominal, highest concentration tested) (SGS Fresenius 2012)
SMS (ladle slag): OECD TG 203, Leuciscus idus: 96 h-LC0 >= 100 g/L, 96 h-LC50 > 100 g/L (nominal, highest concentration tested) (Hygiene-Institut des Ruhrgebiets 2002d)
SMS (desulfurization slags): OECD TG 203 Leuciscus idus: 96 h-LC0 >= 100 g/L, 96 h-LC50 > 100 g/L (nominal, highest concentration tested) (Hygiene-Institut des Ruhrgebiets 2002e)

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish
Effect concentration:
100 g/L

Marine water fish

Marine water fish
Effect concentration:
10 g/L

Additional information

The studies of Reis da Silva et al. (BOS and SMS) were not taken into account because of missing neutralisation. The leachates in these studies were not neutralised and so most likely alkaline outside the range given in OECD TG 203. So the effects of pH and eluted compounds cannot be differentiated.

All of the remaining reliable 10 reports following the method described in OECD TG 203 were identified to provide information on the acute toxicity to fish of ferrous slags.

  • Slags, ferrous metal, blast furnace (air cooled – ABS, 3 studies)

  • Slags, ferrous metal, blast furnace (granulated – GBS, 1 study)

  • Slags, steelmaking, converter (BOS, 2 studies)

  • Slags, steelmaking, elec. furnace (carbon steel production - EAF C, 1 study)

  • Slags, steelmaking, elec. furnace (stainless/high alloy steel production - EAF S, 1 study)

  • Slags, steelmaking (SMS; 2 studies; ladle slag and desulfurization slag)

No mortalities or abnormal behaviour were observed in all these studies.

The undiluted eluates (1/10) of ferrous slags are essentially not toxic to fish in acute testing as proven repeatedly with the above mentioned slags, and different subtypes.

As there is ample evidence from different slags and independent slag samples, the concentration of LC50 = 100 g/L is used for PNEC derivation.