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Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Endpoint:
short-term repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
supporting study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
1986
Report date:
1986

Materials and methods

Test guideline
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 412 (Subacute Inhalation Toxicity: 28-Day Study)
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Recovery period: 15 d
GLP compliance:
yes
Limit test:
no

Test material

Constituent 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
Trimethoxy(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)silane
EC Number:
251-995-5
EC Name:
Trimethoxy(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)silane
Cas Number:
34396-03-7
Molecular formula:
C11H26O3Si
IUPAC Name:
trimethoxy(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)silane
Test material form:
liquid

Test animals

Species:
rat
Strain:
Wistar
Sex:
male/female
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Strain: Hoe: WISKf (SPF71)
- Source: Hoechst AG, Pharma-Forschung-Toxikologie; breeding under SPF conditions
- Age at study initiation: 5-6 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: Males: 137-150 g. Females: 137-146 g
- Fasting period before study: No
- Housing: : 5 per Makrolon cage
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Ad libitum except during exposure
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Ad libitum except during exposure
- Acclimation period: No data


ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22± 2
- Humidity (%): 50± 20
- Air changes (per hr): 10
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:
inhalation: aerosol
Type of inhalation exposure:
nose only
Vehicle:
other: Air
Mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD):
< 6 µm
Remarks on MMAD:
MMAD / GSD: Particle size (mean): 99.98% of the particle in 0.3 mg/l group, 99.98% of the particle in 1.5 mg/l group and 99.87% of the particle in 3.0 mg/l group are below 6 µm.
Details on inhalation exposure:
Duration of exposure: 6h/d, 5d/w
Exposure: Animals were exposed to the test atmosphere in nose-only inhalation units
Exposure apparatus: The inhalation chamber used in the study were stainless steel/glass cylindrical columns. Each column had a volume of 80 L and consisted of a top assembly with the inlet of the test atmosphere, one rodent tube section and the bottom, the base assembly with the exhaust port.
Method of holding animals in test chamber: Nose only; cylindrical tubes.
Method of conditioning air: Compressed air (4 bar), oil separation filter/absolute filter; to achieve requested air humidity moistened air was feeded directly in the chamber
System of generating particulates/aerosols: The inhalation equipment was designed to expose the animals to a continuous supply of fresh test atmosphere. The test atmosphere was generated by passing test material to special nozzels. The operating pressure was 4 bar.
Temperature, humidity: 20.0 - 23.5°C, 31.5-60.6%
Contineous measurement of CO-, CO2- and O2-concentration during exposure in exposure chamber; CO: 0 ppm; CO2: 3800 - 7900 ppm; O2: 19.8 - 20.6 Vol %
Air flow rate: Air inlet 800 L/h; 1100 L/h exhausted
Method of particle size determination: The particle size distribution was measured using an APS 33 Aerodynamik Particle Sizer from TSI Inc., St Paul.
The aerodynamic diameter range measured with this analyzer covered 0.486 to > 15.4 micrometer.
Measurements were performed daily 30 minutes, 2 and 4 hours respectively after starting the exposure.
After the end of the exposure period, the arithmetic means together with the standard deviations based
on the 3 points in time were calculated using a statistics program.
The statistics program was used further to calculate an overall arithmetic mean for each dose group
based on the arithmetic means for each single day of exposure.
Brief description of analytical method used:
Gravimetric verification of concentrations
Gravimentric measurements were performed using a membrane filter, pore size 0.65 micrometer,
50 mm diameter (sartorius Membranfilter GmbH, Göttingen). The air flow rate was 3 l/min, which
is equivalent to an intake velocity of 1.25 m/sec.
Gravimetric measurements were performed daily in the exposure chambers 30 minutes, 2 and 4 hours respectively after starting the exposure.
Chemical verification of concentrations
Within 60 minutes 31 liter aerosol from the exposure chambers was pumped through 3 gas-washing bottles filled with acetone (PESTANAL, RIEDEL DE HAEN) connected in series and standing in a cool trap. Thereof aliquotes were taken and analysed using a gas chromatograph.
The concentration of isooctyltrimethoxysilane in the exposure chambers was calculated based on the results of the GC and
considering the aerosol- and acetone volumina.
Sampling was performed on day 1, 8, 15, 22 and 27 of the treatment.
Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
yes
Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
Gravimetric verification of concentrations
Gravimentric measurements were performed using a membrane filter, pore size 0.65 micrometer,
50 mm diameter (sartorius Membranfilter GmbH, Göttingen). The air flow rate was 3 l/min, which
is equivalent to an intake velocity of 1.25 m/sec.
Gravimetric measurements were performed daily in the exposure chambers 30 minutes, 2 and 4 hours respectively after starting the exposure.

Chemical verification of concentrations
Within 60 minutes 31 liter aerosol from the exposure chambers was pumped through 3 gas-washing bottles filled with acetone (PESTANAL, RIEDEL DE HAEN) connected in series and standing in a cool trap. Thereof aliquotes were taken and analysed using a gas chromatograph.
The concentration of isooctyltrimethoxysilane in the exposure chambers was calculated based on the results of the GC and
considering the aerosol- and acetone volumina.
Sampling was performed on day 1, 8, 15, 22 and 27 of the treatment.
Duration of treatment / exposure:
28 days + 14 days recovery
Frequency of treatment:
Five days per week; six hours per day
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
Dose / conc.:
0.32 mg/L air (analytical)
Remarks:
0.3 mg/L air nominal conc.
Dose / conc.:
1.54 mg/L air (analytical)
Remarks:
1.5 mg/L air nominal conc.
Dose / conc.:
2.89 mg/L air (analytical)
Remarks:
3.0 mg/L nominal conc.
No. of animals per sex per dose:
Ten
Control animals:
other: Air
Details on study design:
- Dose selection rationale: No data
- Rationale for animal assignment (if not random): Random
- Rationale for selecting satellite groups: Five animals of each sex and group were used to assess recovery from treatment-related effects
- Post-exposure recovery period in satellite groups: 15 days

Examinations

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes


DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Mortality, behavior and general state of health (before and after exposure and during exposure; one time per day during weekend); Neurological disorders, opacity of eyes, damage of oral mucosa, disorder of tooth growth (weekly)


BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Before exposure began and then twice per week.


FOOD CONSUMPTION: Yes
- Food consumption for each animal determined: Twice per week.


WATER CONSUMPTION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Once per week.


OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Weekly
- Dose groups that were examined: all dose groups and control

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: One day after the last exposure five animals of each sex, then 15 days after last exposure the remaining five animals of each sex.
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: No
- Animals fasted: No data
- Parameters checked in table 1 were examined.


CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of serum: One day after the last exposure five animals of each sex, then 15 days after last exposure the remaining five animals of each sex (Nembutal narcosis).
- Parameter checked in table 1 were examined.


URINALYSIS: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of urine: At the end of the exposure period
- Parameters checked in table 1 were examined.


NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations (neurological disorders): Once per week.
Sacrifice and pathology:
GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes (see table 2)
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes (see table 2)
Other examinations:
None
Statistics:
The following parameters have been checked inter-collective concerning statistical significance (p = 0.05) in accordance with internal SOP: body weight, body weight gain; haematology (excluding differential blood count, heinz bodies, reticulocytes); clinical chemistry (excluding bilirubin direct, methemoglobin, g-glutamyltranspeptitase); serum electrophoresis, relative organ weights, pH-value urine.

Results and discussion

Results of examinations

Clinical signs:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Following exposure each animal of the high dose group had a staggering gait, which was resolved by the next day. In the mid dose group, animals that showed a lack of coordination following exposure were recovered within two hours after exposure. The low dose and control group animals did not have any clinical signs.
Mortality:
mortality observed, treatment-related
Body weight and weight changes:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
On days 1 and 3 males of the high and mid dose group had a slightly increased body weight in comparison to the air control animals. Females of the high dose group had a slightly reduced body weight on day 14 and days 21-31.
Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
Males from high and mid dose groups on days 3-29 and females on days 3-31 had slight reductions in feed intake.
Food efficiency:
not examined
Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
In high dose males there was an increased water consumption on day 7 until the recovery period. Females of this group had elevated water consumption on days 7-29. In the mid dose group males, water consumption was increased from day 14 until recovery, and in females of this group from day 14-29.
Ophthalmological findings:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
No effects on the eyes.
Haematological findings:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
Statistically significant effects one day after the end of exposure were as follows: increased albumin in mid dose females, increased alpha globulin in high dose males, decreased alpha globulin in mid and high dose females, increased albumin to globulin ratio in mid dose females. Statistically significant effects 15 days after the end of exposure were as follows: increased albumin in low dose males and high dose males and females, decreased beta globulin in low and high dose males, decreased g1 globulin in low dose male and females and high dose females, and increased albumin to globulin ratio in low and high dose males. However, all values were in the normal range and were not considered to be toxicologically relevant.
Clinical biochemistry findings:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
Statistically significant effects one day after the end of exposure were as follows: increased albumin in mid dose females, increased alpha globulin in high dose males, decreased alpha globulin in mid and high dose females, increased albumin to globulin ratio in mid dose females. Statistically significant effects 15 days after the end of exposure were as follows: increased albumin in low dose males and high dose males and females, decreased beta globulin in low and high dose males, decreased g1 globulin in low dose male and females and high dose females, and increased albumin to globulin ratio in low and high dose males. However, all values were in the normal range and were not considered to be toxicologically relevant.
Urinalysis findings:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
No treatment-related effects.
Behaviour (functional findings):
not examined
Description (incidence and severity):
Not examined but there were no neurological disorders observed in the clinical observations.
Immunological findings:
not examined
Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
There were statistically significant increases in lung weight in mid dose males one day after exposure, and lung weight in high dose females 15 days after exposure. However, all values were within the normal range, and there were no corresponding histopathological findings.
Gross pathological findings:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
There were no treatment-related macroscopic changes identified.
Neuropathological findings:
not examined
Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
There were no findings in the control, low and mid dose groups. In the high dose group three males and one female had signs of minimal irritation in the alveoli (isolated and small clusters of foam cells). There were no other treatment-related effects.
Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
not examined

Effect levels

Key result
Dose descriptor:
NOAEC
Effect level:
>= 3 mg/L air (nominal)
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other: Only minor and reversible effects have been observed at 3 mg/l.

Target system / organ toxicity

Critical effects observed:
no

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:
In the 28-day inhalation repeated dose toxicity study with triethoxy(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)silane, conducted according to OECD Test Guideline 412 and in compliance with GLP, the NOAEL for systemic toxicity was concluded to be at least 3 mg/l (nominal) based no adverse systemic effects.