(E)-anethole

Toxicity to terrestrial plants

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants, Growth Test)

Version / remarks:

July 2006

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Details on preparation and application of test substrate:

The respective test item amounts were pipetted onto quartz sand (1 % of the entire soil amount per concentration) for each test item concentration and blended thoroughly. Afterwards, the test item - quartz sand mixture and an appropriate amount of demineralized water (adjusting to a moisture of 45 % of the MHWC) was added to the soil. Subsequently, the soil was mixed carefully with a mixer (2-3 min) to ensure a homogeneous distribution.
The treated soil was transferred to the test containers.

Species:

Glycine max (G. soja)

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Soybean
- Plant family: Fabaceae
- Source of seed: Graines Voltz Loire-Authion, Loire-Authion, France

Species:

Brassica napus

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Rape
- Plant family: Brassicaceae
- Source of seed: KWS Saat SE, Einbeck, Germany

Species:

Avena sativa

Plant group:

Monocotyledonae (monocots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Oat
- Plant family: Poaceae
- Source of seed: KWS Lochow GmbH, Bergen, Germany

Test type:

seedling emergence and seedling growth test

Study type:

laboratory study

Substrate type:

artificial soil

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

21 d

Test temperature:

13 - 27.6 °C

pH:

5.5

Moisture:

45% of MWHC

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test container (type, material, size): Non-porous plastic containers (standard flower pots) with adiameter of ca. 12 cm were used.
- Amount of soil: 5.5 kg DW
- Method of seeding: Seeding holes were made with a seedling pistil. One seed was given into each hole and covered with soil.
- No. of seeds per container: 5 (soybean: 3)
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 8
- No. of replicates per control: 8

SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
- Composition (if artificial substrate):
Grain size: 2 mm
Clay (< 0.002 mm): 5.4 %
Silt (0.002 - 0.063 mm): 9.7 %
Sand (0.063 - 2 mm): 84.9 %
Carbon content: 1.05 %

NUTRIENT MEDIUM (if used)
- Description: HAKAPHOS® SOFT SPEZIAL 16+8+22(+3). For watering a 0.5 ‰ solution was used.

GROWTH CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h
- Light intensity and quality: 359 +- 26 µmol/m²sec
- Relative humidity (%): 28.3 - 83.3
- Watering regime and schedules: Bottom watering of the test containers with fertilized tap water as needed.
- Water source/type: tap water

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Visual phytotoxicity and emergence rate at 7, 14 and 21 days; shoot height and biomass (shoot fresh weight) at test end

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 1.8
- Range finding study: yes
- Test concentrations: 10, 100 and 1000 mg/kg DW

Nominal and measured concentrations:

1000, 556, 309, 171, 95.2 mg/kg DW

Key result

Species:

Glycine max (G. soja)

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

621 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

seedling emergence

Key result

Species:

Brassica napus

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

seedling emergence

Key result

Species:

Avena sativa

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

seedling emergence

Key result

Species:

Glycine max (G. soja)

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

463 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth

Remarks:

shoot fresh weight

Key result

Species:

Brassica napus

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

528 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth

Remarks:

shoot fresh weight

Key result

Species:

Avena sativa

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

466 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth

Remarks:

shoot fresh weight

Key result

Species:

Glycine max (G. soja)

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

723 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth

Remarks:

shoot hight

Key result

Species:

Brassica napus

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

975 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth

Remarks:

shoot hight

Key result

Species:

Avena sativa

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

769 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth

Remarks:

shoot hight

Details on results:

For all test species ≥ 50 % of the control plants were emerged after 7 days

Oats: Visual Observations and Number of Dead Plants on Day 21 (Test End)

Test concentration [mg/kg DW]	Phyto- toxic effects*	Phytotoxic effects
		Replicate
		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
control	–	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
95.2	̶	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
171	(3)	-	-	+/-	-	-	-	-	-
309	̶	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
556	(3)	++	++	++	++	++	++	++	++
1000	(2)	+/-	+/-	+/-	+/-	+/-	+/-	-	-
	(3)	++	++	++	++	++	++	++	++
	(E)	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	1

Rape: Visual Observations and Number of Dead Plants on Day 21 (Test End)

Test concentration [mg/kg DW]	Phyto- toxic effects*	Phytotoxic effects
		Replicate
		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
control	–	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
95.2	̶	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
171	̶	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
309	(3)	-	+/-	+/-	+/-	+/-	+/-	+/-	-
556	(3)	++	++	++	++	++	++	++	++
1000	(3)	++	++	++	++	++	++	++	++

Soybean: Visual Observations and Number of Dead Plants on Day 21 (Test End)

Test concentration [mg/kg DW]	Phyto- toxic effects*	Phytotoxic effects
		Replicate
		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
control	–	-	-	-	^#	-	-	-	-
95.2	̶	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
171	(3)	+/-	-	-	-	-	-	+/-	-
309	(3)	+/-	-	+	+	-	-	-	+/-
556	(3)	++	++	-	++	++	++	++	++
1000	(3)	-	-	++	-	-	-	-	-

(1) Deformation of leaves (curling / twisting / sticking / …)

(2) Shoot deformations (curling / bending / …)

(3) Stunted growth

(4) Necrosis

(5) Chlorosis

(6) Lighter green

(7) Darker green

(8) Loss of colour

(9) Discoloration of leaves

(10) Wilting

(E) Dead plant (Number of dead plants)

-           =   no effects observed / normal growth

+/-        =   slight effects

+          =   medium effects

++   =    strong effects

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The lowest EC50 (21 d) of 463 mg/kg soil dw based on growth (shoot fresh weight) was found for Glycine max.

Executive summary:

The phytotoxicity of the test item (E)-Anethol CAS 4180-23-8 to three terrestrial plant species was established in a 21-day toxicity test. Test systems comprised one monocotyledons (oats, Poaceae) and two dicotyledons (rape, Brassicaceae; soybean, Fabaceae). The test was conducted with test item concentrations of 1000 - 556 - 309 - 171 - 95.2 mg/kg DW (factor 1.8). The test item was incorporated into the soil in which the seeds were sown. The lowest EC50 value with 463 mg/kg dw was found for Soybean related to growth (shoot fresh weight).

Description of key information

Based on results of an OECD 207 compliant study with the test item an EC50 of 383 mg/kg soil dw was determined as key value for the risk assessment.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Short-term EC50 or LC50 for terrestrial plants:

463 mg/kg soil dw

Additional information

The phytotoxicity of the test item (E)-Anethol CAS 4180-23-8 to three terrestrial plant species was established in a 21-day toxicity test. Test systems comprised one monocotyledons (oats, Poaceae) and two dicotyledons (rape, Brassicaceae; soybean, Fabaceae). The test was conducted with test item concentrations of 1000 - 556 - 309 - 171 - 95.2 mg/kg DW (factor 1.8). The test item was incorporated into the soil in which the seeds were sown. The lowest EC50 value with 463 mg/kg dw was found for Soybean related to growth (shoot fresh weight).