Phenol, isopropylated, phosphate (3:1)

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Subacute oral and dermal results and subchronic inhalation results are discussed.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Toxic effect type:

dose-dependent

Repeated dose toxicity: via oral route - systemic effects

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

sub-chronic toxicity: oral

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

January 28, 2014 to December 15, 2014

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study performed in accordance with OECD & UP EPA test guidelines in compliance with GLP.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 408 (Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 870.3100 (90-Day Oral Toxicity in Rodents)

Deviations:

no

Principles of method if other than guideline:

This study was conducted in accordance with the protocol except for the following unplanned protocol deviations. The following events occurred as the result of an unintended deviation from the protocol.

At arrival, several of the male animals weighed less than the protocol-specified minimum weight of 130 g. This range was provided in order to ensure that animals of similar weight, age, and condition were used for study. Despite this deviation, these animals were adequately similar to accomplish the objectives of the study.

During Week -1, grip strength was not recorded for one male at 100 mg/kg/day (animal number 3010) during the neurobehavioral examinations.

Animals were single-housed for FOB evaluations, rather than 2 to 3 animals per cage.

At the terminal urinalysis, the following animals had urine samples of insufficient volume to analyze all parameters: one female at 0 mg/kg/day (animal number 1503), one female at 100 mg/kg/day (animal number 3503), and one male and one female at 325 mg/kg/day (animal numbers 4004 and 4508, respectively). Parameters reported are urine volume, color, clarity, specific gravity, and microscopy of spun deposit.

At the recovery urinalysis, the following animals had urine samples of insufficient volume to analyze all parameters: one female at 0 mg/kg/day (animal number 1511) and one female at 325 mg/kg/day (animal number 4512). Parameters reported are urine volume, color, clarity, specific gravity, and microscopy of spun deposit.

On Day 79, the humidity of the animal room was outside the protocol-specified range. This was a physiologically insignificant and/or transient environmental
deviation, and as such, did not impact the homeostasis of the Test System.

During the study, posture, reactivity to handling, and the home cage activity were not recorded during the detailed clinical observations. The whole animal was observed for signs of abnormalities in the home cage and any observation present was recorded. This minor documentation error will have no impact on study.
In the opinion of the Study Director, these deviations did not affect the quality or integrity of the study.

GLP compliance:

yes

Limit test:

no

Species:

rat

Strain:

Crj: CD(SD)

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

A total of 60 male and 60 female experimentally naïve CD® [Crl:CD®(SD)] rats (approximately 6 weeks of age at receipt), were received from Charles River Laboratories, Portage, Michigan, on January 20, 2014. During the 8-day acclimation period, the animals were observed daily with respect to general health and any signs of disease. All animals were weighed on the day of receipt and given a detailed clinical examination prior to selection for study.

Animals assigned to study had body weights within ±20% of the mean body weight for each sex. Extra animals obtained for the study, but not placed on study, were euthanized via carbon dioxide inhalation. Euthanasia was confirmed via pneumothorax puncture and the carcasses were discarded.
Each animal was assigned an animal number to be used in the Provantis™ data collection system and was implanted with a microchip bearing a unique identification number. The individual animal number, implant number and study number comprised a unique identification for each animal. Each cage was identified by the animal number, study number, group number, and sex.

The animals were housed in pairs (same sex pairs) in solid bottom cages with nonaromatic bedding in an environmentally controlled room. Due to an odd number of animals per group, one Group 1 and 4 animal/sex was housed with a source animal to maintain social housing requirements. The animals were individually housed during times of urine collection for clinical pathology analysis. Animal enrichment was provided according to MPI Research SOP. The animals remained within the testing environment to reduce the potential influence of environmental stressors associated with cage changes and/or movement during the testing period. Fluorescent lighting was provided for approximately 12 hours per day. The dark cycle was interrupted intermittently due to study-related activities. Temperature and humidity were continuously monitored, recorded, and maintained to the maximum extent possible within the ranges of 66 to 77°F and 30 to 70%, respectively.

Block Lab Diet® (Certified Rodent Diet #5002, PMI Nutrition International, Inc.) was available ad libitum, except during designated periods. Tap water was available ad libitum via an automatic watering system. The Study Director is not aware of any potential contaminants likely to be present in the diet or water that would have interfered with the results of the study.

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

corn oil

Details on oral exposure:

Fresh vehicle, corn oil, was dispensed for use on study weekly and was stored refrigerated (2 to 8°C) in amber glass bottles.
The test article, Reofos 35, was used as received from the Sponsor. No adjustment was made for purity when preparing the test article formulations. Formulations of the test article were prepared weekly by diluting with an appropriate amount of the vehicle at the desired concentrations of 5, 20, and 65 mg/mL, stirred using a magnetic stir bar and stir plate, and stored refrigerated (2 to 8°C) in amber glass bottles until picked up for dosing.

The vehicle and test article were administered once per day for 91 consecutive days during the study via oral gavage. The dose levels were 25, 100, and 325 mg/kg/day and administered at a dose volume of 5 mL/kg. The control group received the vehicle in the same manner as the treated groups. The vehicle and test article were withdrawn from stirred formulations. Individual doses were based on the most recent body weights.

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

Dosing formulations prepared for the study were evaluated for homogeneity and concentration. Appropriate samples (see table in "Any other information") were collected while the formulations were stirring using a positive displacement pipette, and placed into 15 mL amber glass bottles.

Analyses
Samples were refrigerated (2 to 8°C) until shipped on gel packs to the MPI Research, Inc., site at State College, Pennsylvania, for analysis. All analytical work was conducted by MPI Research, Inc., using an analytical method developed by MPI Research, Inc., and validated under MPI Research Study Number 399-246. Analysis deviations are presented below.
The protocol states that samples are to be stored refrigerated (2 to 8°C). However, unused portions of dose formulation samples were not returned to refrigerated storage after analysis.
There is no suspected impact on the study, as the samples were not re-tested following ambient storage.
The protocol states that dose formulation samples are to be stored refrigerated until analysed (within 10-days of collection). Dose formulation samples were not analyzed within 10 days of collection; however, they were analyzed within the established stability interval listed in the analytical method (28 days at refrigerated conditions), so there is no suspected impact on the study.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

The vehicle and test article were administered for 91 consecutive days during the study via oral gavage.

Frequency of treatment:

The vehicle and test article were administered once per day during the study via oral gavage.

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
25, 100, and 325 mg/kg/day and administered at a dose volume of 5 mL/kg.
Basis:
actual ingested

No. of animals per sex per dose:

50 male and 50 female animals were assigned to the control and treatment groups - group assignement reported in table for - See any other information.

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

Justification for Route of Administration
The oral route is one of the potential routes of human exposure to this test article.

Justification of Dose Levels
The dose levels were selected by the Sponsor on the basis of available data from a four-week dose range-finding toxicity study (MPI Research Study Number 399-242). Decreases in mean body weight were observed (up to 15%) in males administered doses of up to 500 mg/kg/day during the last two weeks of the study. Dose levels up to 325 mg/kg/day were evaluated for 91 consecutive days. The low and mid dose are at approximate log intervals and were chosen to provide a graded-response.

5 animals from the control and high dose groups remained on study for a designated 28-day recovery period and were necropsied on Day 120.

Positive control:

Postive control not utilised in this study

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:

Cage side Observations: All animals were observed for morbidity, mortality, injury, and the availability of food and water twice daily.

Cage side Clinical Observations: A cage side clinical examination of each animal was performed once daily during the study. On occasion, clinical observations were recorded at unscheduled intervals. The observations included, but were not limited to, evaluation of the skin, fur, eyes, ears, nose, oral cavity, thorax, abdomen, external genitalia, limbs and feet, respiratory and circulatory effects, autonomic effects such as salivation, and nervous system effects including tremors, convulsions, reactivity to handling, and unusual behavior. If warranted the animal was removed from the cage for closer inspection.

Neurobehavioral Examinations: A neurobehavioral examination of each animal was performed once prior to the initiation of test article administration and weekly during the study. Observations were made outside the animal’s home cage in a standard arena using an applicable scoring system at approximately the same time and day (morning), each week. Observations were carefully recorded, and an effort was made to ensure that variations in the test conditions were minimal. The observations included, but were not limited to changes in the skin, fur, eyes, mucous membranes, occurrence of secretions and excretions, and autonomic activity (e.g., lacrimation, piloerection, pupil size, unusual respiratory pattern). Changes in gait as well as the presence of clonic or tonic movements, stereotypy (e.g., excessive grooming, repetitive circling), or bizarre behavior (e.g., self-mutilation, walking backwards) were also recorded. Evidence of straub tail was also recorded if present. Examinations are not required during the week of FOB evaluation.

Functional Observational Battery Observations: Functional Observational Battery (FOB) evaluations were conducted without knowledge on the part of the testers of the treatment groups on all animals during Week 13 of test article administration (1 hour postdose) and during recovery. FOB evaluations included those conducted in the home-cage, during handling, in the open-field, and others. During open-field evaluations, each animal was placed in a black plexiglass™ box and observed for a minimum of 3 minutes. The parameters evaluated in the FOB were based on those outlined in Moser, et al. The observations included, but were not limited to, evaluation of activity and arousal, posture, rearing, bizarre behavior, clonic and tonic movements, gait, mobility, stereotypy, righting reflex, response to stimulus (approach, click, tail pinch, and touch), palpebral closure, pupil response, piloerection, exophthalmus, lacrimation, salivation, and respiration. Qualitative and/or quantitative measures of defecation and urination were also recorded. Forelimb and hindlimb grip strength was measured using the procedure described by Meyer, et al., and hindlimb splay was quantitatively measured as described by Edwards and Parker. Pain perception was assessed by measuring the latency of response to a nociceptive (thermal) stimulus when each animal was placed on a hot plate apparatus set to 52°C (± 1°C) as described by Ankier. Body weight and temperature were also measured..

Locomotor Activity: Locomotor activity evaluations were conducted on all animals from 1 to 3 hours postdose during Week 13 of test article administration and during recovery. Each animal was placed into the assigned Hamilton-Kinder enclosure for monitoring. The duration of monitoring was 60 minutes with the data summarized into 10 minute segments. A range of different activities were assessed in a three dimensional array and were recorded. Only basic movement, fine movement, rearing, and distance (cm) were used in comparisons between treated and control animals as the most representative activity parameters.

Body Weights: Body weights for all animals were measured and recorded weekly during the study, beginning on Week -1.

Food Consumption: Food consumption was measured and recorded weekly during the study.

Ophthalmoscopic Examinations: Ophthalmoscopic examinations were conducted on all animals pretest and all animals again prior to the terminal and recovery necropsies.

Clinical Pathology: Clinical pathology evaluations were conducted on designated animals prior to the terminal and recovery necropsies. The animals had access to drinking water but were fasted overnight prior to scheduled sample collection. Blood samples (approximately 4 mL) were collected from the vena cava after carbon dioxide inhalation. The samples were collected into tubes containing K3EDTA for evaluation of hematology parameters, sodium citrate for evaluation of coagulation parameters, and serum separators with no anticoagulant for the clinical chemistry samples. The order of bleeding was by alternating one animal from each dose group, then repeating to reduce handling and time biases. Urine samples were collected by placing the animals in stainless steel metabolism cages for at least 12 hours.

Necropsy

Macroscopic
Necropsy examinations were performed under procedures approved by a veterinary pathologist on all animals at the scheduled terminal and recovery necropsies. The animals were euthanized by carbon dioxide inhalation followed by exsanguination by transection of the abdominal vena cava. The animals were examined carefully for external abnormalities including palpable masses. The skin was reflected from a ventral midline incision and any subcutaneous masses were identified and correlated with antemortem findings. The abdominal, thoracic, and cranial cavities were examined for abnormalities. The organs were
removed, examined, and, where required, placed in fixative. The pituitary was fixed in situ.

All designated tissues were fixed in neutral buffered formalin, except for the eye (including the optic nerve) and testes, which were fixed using a modified Davidson’s fixative1. Eyes and testes were placed into formalin following fixation. Formalin was infused into the lung via the trachea and into the urinary bladder. A full complement of tissues and organs is as follows:

- Adrenal (2)*
- Aorta
- Bone with marrow [femur]
- Bone with marrow [sternum]
- Bone marrow smear [2 collected]a
- Brain [cerebrum, midbrain, cerebellum, medulla/pons, olfactory bulbs]*
- Epididymis (2)*
- Eye including optic nerve (2)
- GALT [Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue]
- Gastrointestinal tract:
esophagus
stomach [glandular and nonglandular]
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
cecum
colon
rectum
- Gonads:
ovary (2)*
testis (2)*
- Gross lesions
- Heart*
- Joint, tibiofemoral
- Kidney (2)*
- Liver [3 sections collected; 2 examined]*
- Lung with bronchi [collected whole; 2 sections examined]
- Lymph nodes: mandibular [2 collected; 1 examined] and mesenteric
- Mammary gland [process females only]
- Pancreas
- Pituitary*
- Prostate and seminal vesicle (2)
- Salivary gland, mandibular/sublingual [2 collected; 1 examined]
- Salivary gland, parotid [2 collected; 1 examined]
- Sciatic nerve
- Skeletal muscle, biceps femoris
- Skin
- Spinal cord [cervical, thoracic, and lumbar]
- Spleen*
- Thymus*
- Thyroid/parathyroid (2)*
- Tongue
- Trachea
- Urinary bladder
- Uterus [both horns]/Cervix*
- Vagina

a Bone marrow smears were collected at scheduled necropsies and held.
(2) Paired organ
*Weighed organ

Organ Weights
Body weights and protocol-designated organ weights were recorded for all animals at the scheduled necropsies and appropriate organ weight ratios were calculated (relative to body and brain weights). Paired organs were weighed together. A combined weight for the thyroid and parathyroid glands was collected. The thyroid/parathyroid gland and pituitary gland were weighed following fixation.

Microscopic
Microscopic examination of fixed hematoxylin and eosin-stained paraffin sections was performed on protocol-designated sections of tissues. The adrenal glands, liver, lung, ovaries, thyroid gland, and uterus with cervix were determined to be potential target organs and were examined for all groups. The slides were examined by a board-certified veterinary pathologist. A four-step grading system was utilized to define gradable lesions for comparison between dose groups.

Sacrifice and pathology:

Clinical Pathology: Clinical pathology evaluations were conducted on designated animals prior to the terminal and recovery necropsies. The animals had access to drinking water but were fasted overnight prior to scheduled sample collection. Blood samples (approximately 4 mL) were collected from the vena cava after carbon dioxide inhalation. The samples were collected into tubes containing K3EDTA for evaluation of hematology parameters, sodium citrate for evaluation of coagulation parameters, and serum separators with no anticoagulant for the clinical chemistry samples. The order of bleeding was by alternating one animal from each dose group, then repeating to reduce handling and time biases. Urine samples were collected by placing the animals in stainless steel metabolism cages for at least 12 hours.

Postmortem Study Evaluations: Postmortem study evaluations were performed on all animals at the scheduled terminal and recovery necropsies.

Other examinations:

None further examinations specified in the study report.

Statistics:

Statistical Comparison and Statistcal Analysis reported in table form - See "any other information".

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Mortality:

no mortality observed

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Mean body weight among males administered at 325 mg/kg/day was generally lower throughout the dosing and recovery intervals.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Mean food consumption was generally increased and was sporadically statistically significant during the dosing period in females administered Reofos 35 at 325 mg/kg/day.

Food efficiency:

not examined

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not examined

Ophthalmological findings:

no effects observed

Haematological findings:

no effects observed

Clinical biochemistry findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Increases in cholesterol, urea nitrogen and globulin

Urinalysis findings:

no effects observed

Behaviour (functional findings):

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

During Week 13, statistically significant decreases in fine movement (count)

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

organ weight changes were present in the adrenal glands, in the liver, in the thyroid/parathyroid glands and in the ovaries in females.

Gross pathological findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Test article-related macroscopic findings were present in the adrenal glands at all dose levels.

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

not examined

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not examined

Details on results:

Homogeneity: Analysis indicated that the formulation technique utilized produced homogenous preparations (average percent recovery ±10% and RSD ≤5%). Tabulated data is listed below under "any other information"

Concentration: The concentration analysis results indicate the formulations were accurately prepared (results were within ± 10% of nominal).
Percent Relative Standard Deviation (%RSD) for the 100 mg/kg/day formulation prepared for Week 1, and the 325 mg/kg/day formulations prepared for Weeks 2 and 3 were outside the acceptance criterion of ≤5%; however, all the corresponding average recoveries were within 10% of the nominal concentration, therefore backup samples were not analyzed. Tabulated data is listed below under "any other information"

Mortality: All animals survived to the scheduled necropsies.

Cage side Clinical Observations: Salivation was consistently noted during the dosing period for several males and females at ≥100 mg/kg/day. Salivation was higher in incidence for animals receiving Reofos 35 at 325 mg/kg/day than for animals at 100 mg/kg/day. No other test article-related clinical signs were noted during the study.
Occasionally, scabbed areas, material around the mouth, sparse hair, hair discoloration, and/or abrasions were noted; however, these findings were not considered test article related since they either commonly occur in animals of this strain and age, were present at low incidence (i.e. 1 to 2 animals/sex/group) with no dose response pattern, or were isolated/transient incidences which were considered to be of no toxicological relevance.

Neurobehavioral Findings: There were no test article-related neurobehavioral effects noted during the study. During Week 2, convulsions were noted in a single animal administered Reofos 35 at 25 mg/kg/day; however, no corresponding findings to support this observation were noted. All other neurobehavioral endpoints for this animal evaluated at that time were within normal limits for this species. Furthermore, similar findings were not observed for any animal at any other dose level; therefore, this was considered an isolated and incidental event and not considered related to the administration of Reofos 35.

Functional Observational Battery Evaluations: There were no adverse test-article related effects on FOB parameters in males or females at any dose level evaluated during the terminal or recovery phases. Mean body weight among males administered Reofos 35 at 325 mg/kg/day was statistically significantly lower for Week 13, when compared to controls. Lower mean body weight was observed throughout the dosing period for males at 325 mg/kg/day as discussed in the body weight section below, and was considered related to the administration of Reofos 35. Salivation also was noted during the Week 13 evaluations for 2 to 3 males and/or females at ≥100 mg/kg/day.
Salivation was consistently observed during the dosing period for animals at ≥100 mg/kg/day as discussed above in the cage side clinical observations section and was considered test article-related. Statistically significant increases in mean thermal response were observed for males at 100 mg/kg/day for Week 13; however the higher mean was attributed to a single outlier (animal number 3001) and was not considered related to the administration of Reofos 35.

Locomotor Activity: During Week 13, statistically significant decreases in fine movement (count) and in total distance (cm) were noted in males at 325 mg/kg/day 10-20 minutes after placement into the chamber; however, basic and fine movement for the total monitoring time (0-60 minutes) were comparable to controls. In addition, statistically significant decreases in rearing (count) were noted in males at 325 mg/kg/day for the total duration of monitoring (0-60 minutes).
Although changes observed for rearing in males at 325 mg/kg/day may have been related administration of Reofos 35, a definitive alteration is unclear. During the recovery period, statistically significant decreases in basic and fine movement (count) were noted for females at 325 mg/kg/day 50-60 minutes after placement into the chamber; however, basic and fine movement for the total monitoring time (0-60 minutes) were comparable to controls. No other significant changes in locomotor activity were noted. All other mean values were within the normal range of variation and are therefore considered normal behavior of animals of this age and strain (MPI Research Historical Control Locomotor Activity Data Version 09-01).

Body Weights: Mean body weight among males administered Reofos 35 at 325 mg/kg/day was generally lower (4 to 13%) throughout the dosing and recovery intervals, when compared to controls.
Mean body weight for the males was statistically significantly lower from Weeks 5 to 13 (9 to 13% lower), when compared to controls, and was considered related to the administration of Reofos 35. No corresponding effects on food consumption were noted. No test article-related effects on mean body weight were noted for females at any dose level.

Food Consumption: No test article-related effects for food consumption were noted for males at any dose level.
Mean food consumption was generally increased and was sporadically statistically significant during the dosing period in females administered Reofos 35 at 325 mg/kg/day.

Ophthalmoscopic Examinations: There were no test article-related effects observed at the terminal or recovery ophthalmoscopic examinations.

Hematology: There were no test article-related effects among hematology parameters in any treatment group at the terminal collection, or in either sex administered 325 mg/kg/day at the recovery collection. Despite occasional statistical differences, all mean and individual values were considered within an acceptable range for biologic and/or procedure-related variation.

Coagulation: At the terminal collection, a mild statistically significant increase in fibrinogen (+27%) was present in males administered 325 mg/kg/day, relative to controls. The increase in fibrinogen correlated with an increase in globulin, and was most typical of an inflammatory response, but lacked correlative hematologic or microscopic findings. The increase in fibrinogen was likely test article-related, but was fully resolved at the recovery collection, and was not noted in females.
Statistically significant alterations in prothrombin time were present at the terminal collection in males (+9%) and females (-6%) administered 325 mg/kg/day, relative to controls. These changes were not considered test article-related or toxicologically meaningful due to the differing direction of the changes and small magnitude.

Clinical Chemistry: At the terminal collection, mild statistically significant increases in cholesterol were present in males administered 100 mg/kg/day (+39%) and both sexes administered 325 mg/kg/day (up to +34%), relative to controls. Increases in cholesterol were considered test article-related. These effects resolved at the recovery collection in both sexes administered 325 mg/kg/day.
At the terminal collection, mild statistically significant increases in urea nitrogen (up to +23%) were present in males administered 100 and 325 mg/kg/day, relative to controls.
Increases in urea nitrogen were considered test article-related, and were resolved at the recovery collection in males administered 325 mg/kg/day. Similar changes were not noted in females.
At the terminal collection, males administered 325 mg/kg/day had a mild statistically significant increase in globulin (+9%), relative to controls. The increase in globulin resulted in a mild statistically significant decrease in the albumin/globulin ratio (-9%), and correlated with the increase in fibrinogen, discussed previously. The increase in globulin was likely test article-related, but was not noted in females, and was fully resolved at the recovery collection.
Despite other statistical differences, all other mean and individual values were considered within an acceptable range for biologic and/or procedure-related variation.

Urinalysis: No test article-related alterations were observed among urinalysis parameters in any treatment group at the terminal collection, or in either sex administered 325 mg/kg/day at the recovery collection. There were occasional differences found in urine volume and specific gravity that were not considered toxicologically meaningful due to their sporadic nature and the inherent variability of these endpoints. There were minor variations between treatment groups among pH, and biochemical (protein, glucose, bilirubin, etc.) urinary components; however, all findings were considered within an acceptable range for biologic and/or procedure-related variability.

Unscheduled Deaths: All animals survived to the scheduled necropsies.

Macroscopic: At the terminal necropsy, test article-related macroscopic findings were present in the adrenal glands at all dose levels. Tan discoloration and enlargement of the adrenal glands were considered test article related at 25, 100, and 325 mg/kg/day (see table). The changes correlated to diffuse vacuolation of the zona fasciculata. Following the recovery period, none of these changes were noted.
All other macroscopic findings noted in the study are commonly encountered in Sprague Dawley rats and were considered incidental. Tabulated data is listed below under "any other information"

Organ Weights: At the terminal necropsy, test article-related organ weight changes were present in the adrenal glands in males at 100 and 325 mg/kg/day and in females at all dose levels, in the liver in males and females at 100 and 325 mg/kg/day, in the thyroid/parathyroid glands in males at 325 mg/kg/day, and in the ovaries in females at all dose levels. Following the recovery period, adrenal gland weights in males and ovary weights in females were slightly higher compared to controls. The liver and thyroid gland weights were similar to controls.
At the terminal necropsy, dosing with the test article resulted in lower final body weights in males at 325 mg/kg/day which resulted in higher organ weights relative to body weights, lower absolute organ weights, and/or lower organ weights relative to brain weights in the following organs: brain, epididymides, heart, and pituitary gland.
Other organ weight differences were considered the result of normal biological variation based on the lack of dose response, the minimal magnitude, and/or the absence of microscopic correlates. Tabulated data is listed below under "any other information"

Microscopic: Test article-related microscopic changes were present in the adrenal glands in males and females at all dose levels (diffuse vacuolation of the zona fasciculata and glomerulosa), in the ovaries in females at all dose levels (interstitial cell vacuolation), in the liver (panlobular or centrilobular hypertrophy) in males at all dose levels and in females at 325 mg/kg/day, and in the thyroid gland (follicular cell hypertrophy) in males at 325 mg/kg/day and in females at 100 and 325 mg/kg/day. Adrenal gland changes were considered adverse at all dose levels based on their severity and the marked increases in weights noted in females. All changes were completely reversible or showed evidence of reversibility following the recovery period.
Diffuse vacuolation of the adrenal glands were present in all animals dosed with the test article. The change was minimal to severe and the severity was dose dependent (see table). The change was limited to the zona fasciculata and zona glomerulosa and was characterized by enlarged cells with foamy cytoplasm. In addition, the zona fasciculata cells present near the zona reticularis had large single clear vacuoles that expanded outwardly based on severity. This finding resulted in enlarged adrenal glands and/or tan discoloration of the adrenal glands at necropsy and higher adrenal gland weights. Following the recovery period, the diffuse vacuolation was not present but cells near the zona reticularis had large single cytoplasmic vacuoles (identified as increased vacuolation). Based on the magnitude of the organ weight increases in females, the finding was considered adverse at all dose levels.
Most females dosed with the test article had interstitial cell vacuolation in the ovaries and fewer females had increased corpus luteum in the ovaries at 100 and 325 mg/kg/day.
Interstitial cell vacuolation was graded minimal to moderate and the severity was dose related (see incidence table). The change was characterized by enlarged pale round stromal cells with clear vacuolated cytoplasm. In addition, PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) was detected in some of these cells indicative of a proliferative change. The vacuolation was associated with slight increases in ovary weights at all dose levels.
Following the recovery period, the change was still present in 4/5 females at 325 mg/kg/day, albeit with a lower severity, indicating slow reversibility.
Panlobular hepatocellular hypertrophy of the liver was considered test article related in males at all dose levels (see incidence table). The change was characterized by a diffuse minimal enlargement of hepatocytes affecting the whole lobule. In contrast, hypertrophy was limited to the centrilobular area in females at 325 mg/kg/day only. The hepatocellular hypertrophy correlated to higher liver weights in males and females at 100 and 325 mg/kg/day. The change was completely reversible following the recovery period and the finding was not considered adverse based on the minimal severity and the slight increase in liver weights.
Follicular cell hypertrophy of the thyroid glands was present in 1/10 females at 100 mg/kg/day, and 2/10 males and 4/10 females at 325 mg/kg/day at the terminal necropsy and 1/5 males at 325 mg/kg/day at the recovery necropsy. The change was characterized by tall cuboidal follicular cells with vacuolated cytoplasm. Follicles were also reduced in size with little to no colloid. The change was associated with minimally higher weights in males at 325 mg/kg/day only (terminal necropsy) and was not considered adverse.
All other microscopic changes noted are commonly encountered in Sprague Dawley rats and were considered incidental. Tabulated data is listed below under "any other information"

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

< 25 mg/kg bw/day (actual dose received)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

other: Based on adverse histopathological changes observed in the adrenal glands for males and females at all dose levels.

Critical effects observed:

not specified

Homogeneity

Analysis indicated that the formulation technique utilized produced homogenous preparations (average percent recovery ±10% and RSD ≤5%).

Homogeneity Analysis of Reofos 35- Week 1
Dose Level (mg/kg)	Nominal Concentration (mg/mL)	Average Calculated Concentration (mg/mL)	Average %Recovery^a	%Relative Standard Deviation
25	5.9	4.73	94.5	1.084
325	65.0	66.05	101.6	5.195
^aAverage %recovery was calculated from the nominal concentration

 

Concentration

The concentration analysis results indicate the formulations were accurately prepared (results were within ± 10% of nominal). Percent Relative Standard Deviation (%RSD) for the 100 mg/kg/day formulation prepared for Week 1, and the 325 mg/kg/day formulations prepared for Weeks 2 and 3 were outside the acceptance criterion of ≤5%; however, all the corresponding average recoveries were within 10% of the nominal concentration, therefore backup samples were not analyzed.

Concentration Analysis of Reofos 35- Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 12
Dose Level (mg/kg)	Nominal Concentration (mg/mL)	Average Calculated Concentration^a(mg/mL)	Average %Recovery^a,b	%Relative Standard Deviation^a
0	0	BLQ	NA	NA
25	5.0	4.73 – 5.07	94.6 – 104.5	0.040 – 2.764
100	20.0	18.50 – 20.64	92.5 – 103.2	0.027 – 6.664
325	65.0	61.89 – 66.05	95.2 – 103.2	0.347 – 12.746
^aResults are the range of values determined during Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 12. ^bAverage %recovery was calculated from the nominal concentration NA – Not Applicable BLQ – Below the limit of quantification

 

Macroscopic

Test Article-related Macroscopic Observation – Terminal
Dose Level: mg/kg/day		0		25		100		325
Sex		M	F	M	F	M	F	M	F
Number Examined		10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10
Adrenal glands
Discoloration, tan
	-mild	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	4
Enlarged		0	0	0	1	0	3	0	2
	-minimal	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
	-mild	0	0	0	1	0	3	0	1
M – Male F - Female

 

Organ Weights

Test Article-related Organ Weight Changes – Terminal Male and Female (Percent change relative to control)
Dose level: mg/kg/day	25		100		325
Sex	M	F	M	F	M	F
Number Examined	10	10	10	10	10	10
Adrenal glands (g)	↑6.33	↑47.83^b	↑25.32	↑75.36^b	↑46.84^b	↑98.55^b
Adrenal glands/BWt%	↑8.66	↑49.78^b	↑22.05	↑81.78^b	↑80.31^b	↑103.11^b
Adrenal glands/BWt ratio	↑8.40	↑51.29^b	↑22.22	↑73.07^b	↑52.57^b	↑104.01^b
Liver (g)	↑7.84	↑4.01	↑27.13^a	↑11.33^a	↑19.08	↑30.69^b
Liver/BWt%	↑9.04	↑7.06	↑22.35^b	↑15.30^b	↑43.75^b	↑33.81^b
Liver/BrWt ratio	↑9.12	↑6.76	↑23.80^a	↑9.16	↑23.36^a	↑33.55^b
Ovaries (g)	NA	↑20.00	NA	↑16.84	NA	↑33.68
Ovaries/BWt%	NA	↑23.45	NA	↑24.10	NA	↑37.46^a
Ovaries/BrWt ratio	NA	↑23.96	NA	↑14.58	NA	↑36.88^a
Thyroid/parathyroid glands (g)	0.00	↓12.50	↑6.90	↑8.33	↑3.34	↑4.17
Thyroid/parathyroid glands/BWt%	0.00	↓11.54	↑2.08	↑6.41	↑22.92^a	↑8.97
Thyroid/parathyroid glands/BrWt ratio	↓0.72	↓12.30	↑2.17	↓11.48	↑4.35	↑8.20
^aSignificantly different from control; (p<0.05) ^bSignificantly different from control; (p<0.01) BWt – Bodyweight BrWt – Brain Weight NA – Not Applicable				↑ - Increased ↓ - Decreased M – Male F - Female

 

Microscopic

Test Article-related Microscopic Observations – Terminal
Dose level: mg/kg/day		0		25		100		325
Sex		M	F	M	F	M	F	M	F
Number Examined		10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10
Adrenal glands
Vacuolation, diffuse		0	0	10	10	10	10	10	10
	-minimal	0	0	3	7	0	0	0	0
	-mild	0	0	3	3	2	5	1	1
	-moderate	0	0	4	0	7	5	7	9
	-severe	0	0	0	0	1	0	2	0
Vacuolation, increased
	-minimal	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
M- Male F - Female

 

Test Article-related Microscopic Observations – Recovery
Dose level: mg/kg/day		0		325
Sex		M	F	M	F
Number Examined		5	5	5	5
Adrenal glands
Vacuolation, increased		0	0	5	5
	-minimal	0	0	0	3
	-mild	0	0	1	2
	-moderate	0	0	3	0
	-severe	0	0	1	0
M – Male F – Female

 

Test Article-related Microscopic Observations – Terminal Female
Dose level: mg/kg/day		0	25	100	325
Number Examined		10	10	10	10
Ovaries
Corpus luteum increased
	-minimal	0	0	1	4
Vacuolation, interstitial cell		0	9	9	10
	-minimal	0	5	0	0
	-mild	0	4	4	3
	-moderate	0	0	5	7

 

Test Article-related Microscopic Observations – Recovery Female
Dose level: mg/kg/day		0	325
Number Examined		5	5
Ovaries
Vacuolation, interstitial cell		0	4
	-minimal	0	2
	-mild	0	2

 

Test Article-related Microscopic Observations – Terminal
Dose level: mg/kg/day		0		25		100		325
Sex		M	F	M	F	M	F	M	F
Number Examined		10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10
Liver
Hypertrophy, hepatocellular, panlobular
	-minimal	0	0	1	0	2	0	9	0
Hypertrophy, hepatocellular, centrilobular
	-minimal	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2
M – Male F - Female

 

Conclusions:

Under the conditions of this study, where Reofos 35 was administered via oral gavage for 91 consecutive days to male and female rats at 0, 25, 100, and 325 mg/kg/day, the No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) was considered to be less than 25 mg/kg/day (lowest dose administered) based on adverse histopathological changes observed in the adrenal glands for males and females at all dose levels. Macroscopic and organ weight changes in the adrenal gland correlated to diffuse vacuolation of the zona fasciculata and were characterized by enlarged cells with foamy cytoplasm. In addition, the zona fasciculata cells present near the zona reticularis had large single clear vacuoles that expanded outwardly depending on severity. Adversity was based on the severity, and the increases in weights noted in females. At recovery the diffuse vacuolation was not present; however, cells near the zona reticularis had large single cytoplasmic vacuoles (identified as increased vacuolation).

Executive summary:

This study was conducted to evaluate the potential toxicity of the test article, Reofos 35, when administered to rats for 91 days via oral gavage and to evaluate the reversibility of any effects following a 28-day test article-free recovery period.

The study was conducted in accordance with MPI Research Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and the protocol as approved by the Sponsor. In the opinion of the Study Director, none of the deviations affected the quality or integrity of the study. This study was based on the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 2011; Test Guideline 408, OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals, revised September 1998; and United States EPA, Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances (OPPTS), Guideline 870.3100, 90-Day oral toxicity in rodent, August 1998.

 

Assessments of neurobehavioral effects and systemic toxicity were based on mortality, clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, functional observational battery (FOB) evaluations, locomotor activity, ophthalmoscopic and neurobehavioral examinations, and clinical and anatomic pathology.

 

There were no adverse test article-related effects noted for any of the in-life parameters evaluated. Test article-related clinical pathology changes observed included: reversible increases in cholesterol for males at 100 mg/kg/day and in both sexes at 325 mg/kg/day; reversible increases in fibrinogen and globulin for males at 325 mg/kg/day (suggestive of an inflammatory response); and reversible increases in urea nitrogen for males at ≥100 mg/kg/day. No test article-related effects were observed for males or females at 25 mg/kg/day for the aforementioned parameters.

 

Macroscopic findings noted at the terminal necropsy included tan discoloration and enlargement of the adrenal glands at all Reofos 35 dose levels. Test article-related adrenal gland weight changes were present in males at ≥100 mg/kg/day and in females at all dose levels. Macroscopic and organ weight changes correlated to diffuse vacuolation of the zona fasciculata observed microscopically and characterized by enlarged cells with foamy cytoplasm. In addition, the zona fasciculata cells present near the zona reticularis had large single clear vacuoles that expanded outwardly depending on severity. The adrenal gland changes were considered adverse test article-related effects based on the severity and the marked increases in weights noted in females. At recovery, the diffuse vacuolation was not present; however, cells near the zona reticularis had large single cytoplasmic vacuoles (identified as increased vacuolation).

 

Test article-related organ weight changes were also present in the liver for both sexes at ≥100 mg/kg/day, in the thyroid glands for males at 325 mg/kg/day, and in the ovaries for females at all dose levels. Liver, thyroid gland, and ovary organ weight changes correlated microscopically to centrilobular or pablobular hypertrophy in the liver, follicular cell hypertrophy in the thyroid glands, and interstitial cell vacuolation in the ovaries. Additionally, lower terminal body weight in males at 325 mg/kg/day resulted in higher organ weight relative to body weights, lower absolute weights, and/or lower organ weights relative to brain weights for the brain, epididymides, heart, and the pituitary gland. These changes were also considered related to the administration of Reofos 35.

 

Under the conditions of this study, where Reofos 35 was administered via oral gavage for 91 consecutive days to male and female rats at 0, 25, 100, and 325 mg/kg/day, the No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) was considered to be less than 25 mg/kg/day (the lowest dose administered) based on adverse histopathological changes observed in the adrenal glands for males and females at all dose levels.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

1.67 mg/kg bw/day

Study duration:

subchronic

Species:

rat

Quality of whole database:

There exists a 90-day subchronic oral toxicity study on the substance itself. The organ effects noted in the 28-day study were considered possibly attributable to reproductive effects, and were examined further in an OECD 443 1-generation study.
Most sensitive endpoint: 5 mg/kg bw/day LOAEL for obtained in an OECD 443 in rats ,the derived NOAEL is <25 mg/kg. ECHA Guidance document Chapter R.8: Characterisation of dose [concentration]-response for human health states as follows: When the starting point for the DNEL calculation is a LOAEL, it is suggested to use an assessment factor between 3 (as minimum/majority of cases) and 10 (as maximum/exceptional cases). The size of an assessment factor should take into account the dose spacing in the experiment, the shape and slope of the dose-response curve, and the extent and severity of the effect seen at the LOAEL. In the case of this study the NOAEL was considered to be less than 5 mg/kg/day (lowest dose administered). This was based on test article-related changes in organ weight and/or organ weight ratios were recorded for the adrenal and thyroid glands, liver, kidneys, and ovaries. Increased adrenal weights and weight ratios were recorded for F0 females administered 25 mg/kg/day and both sexes administered 100 mg/kg/day, compared with concurrent controls. Increased liver weights and body weight ratios were recorded for the F0 males administered 25 or 100 mg/kg/day. Increased thyroid weights and thyroid organ:body weight ratios and kidney:body weight ratios were recorded for F0 males administered 100 mg/kg/day, and increased ovarian weights and ovarian weight:body weight ratios were recorded for F0 females administered 100 mg/kg/day, compared with concurrent controls.
On this basis, a factor of 3 is applied to the LOAEL to derive the relevant NOAEL for hazard assessment. Starting NOAEL: 1.67 mg/kg/day

Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - systemic effects

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

sub-chronic toxicity: inhalation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

No information

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non-GLP, not conducted according to recognised guideline, but fully detailed method and results.

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The experimental regimen for MIL.H.19457C, MIL-H-19457B, and MIL-H-22072B was identical. Male and female Fischer.344 rats, male Golden Syrian hamsters, and male and female New Zealand White rabbits were exposed to hydraulic fluid aerosol on a continuous basis for 90 days in Thomas Dome inhalation chambers. In addition, sham exposed control groups of animals of each corresponding speies and sex were maintained in an inhalation exposure chamber.

GLP compliance:

no

Limit test:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Referenced as MIL-H-19457B

Species:

other: rats, hamsters and rabbits.

Strain:

other: Fischer-344 rats, Golden Syrian hamsters and New Zealand White rabbits.

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: No data.
- Age at study initiation: Fischer 344 rats (8-10 weeks of age); Golden hamsters (8-10 weeks of age); rabbits not specified.
- Weight at study initiation: No data.
- Fasting period before study: No data.
- Housing: Stainless steel cages with wire mesh floors.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum but the rats were fasted during the 18 h period preceding their scheduled sacrifice at the end of study.
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period: No data.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): No data.
- Humidity (%): No data.
- Air changes (per hr): No data.
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours light, 12 hours dark.

IN-LIFE DATES: From: 7 July 1982 To: 3 October 1982

Route of administration:

inhalation: aerosol

Type of inhalation exposure:

whole body

Vehicle:

not specified

Remarks on MMAD:

MMAD / GSD: No data.

Details on inhalation exposure:

GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: Thomas Dome inhalation chamber.
- Method of holding animals in test chamber: No data.
- Source and rate of air: no data.
- Method of conditioning air: no data.
- System of generating particulates/aerosols: Concentrations of MIL-H-194S7e and Mll-H-194578 were monitored using a TSI Aerosol Photometer, Model 5150 (TSllnc., Minneapolis, MN). Automatic timers were use to acquire three samples of four-minutes each from each chamber for photometric analysis. Chamber supply air analyses were used to establish baseline values during the remaining periods of time.
- Temperature, humidity, pressure in air chamber: no data.
- Air flow rate: no data.
- Air change rate: no data.
- Method of particle size determination: Via a cascade impactor (Partcle Fractonating Sampler, Anersn Samplers, Inc., Atlanta, GA), samples were taken daily from each chamber for particle size analysis. Aluminum stage collecor plates were weighed before and after sampling and the mass of each calculated. The particle size mass median diameter and stndard geometric deviation were calculated from thes data.

TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used: Analysis routinely performed during the course of the 90-day study using a Liquid chromotography (HPLC) technique.
- Samples taken from breathing zone: Yes

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

Concentrations of MlL-H-19457B were monitored using a TSI Aerosol Photometer, Model 5150 (TSllnc., Minneapolis, MN). Automatic timers were use to acquire three samples of four-minutes each from each chamber for photometric analysis. Chamber supply air analyses were used to establish baseline values during the remaining periods of time.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

90 days.

Frequency of treatment:

Continuous inhalation.

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
10mg/m3
Basis:
nominal conc.

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
100mg/m3
Basis:
nominal conc.

No. of animals per sex per dose:

Each chamber (representative of a dose level) housed 20 male and 20 female Fischer-344 rats, 20 male Golden Syrian hamsters and 4 male and 4 female New Zealand rabbits.

Control animals:

yes, sham-exposed

Details on study design:

- Dose selection rationale: The Naval Medical Resach Institute/Toxicology Detachment (NMRI/TD) provided information from industrial hygiene surveys aboard ship which indicated aerosol concentrations of 25 mg/ml maximum (8 mg/ml average). These surveys were conducted for the glycol-based materials; however, it is reasonable to assume that this concentration of aerosol is similar to concentrations produced when triarylphosphate fluids are use in similar shipboard operations. Base on these data, a continuous expore to 10 mg/m3 was chosen as the low concentration expoure and 100 mg/ml as the high concentration exposure. The low concentration simulated shipboard conditions while the high concentration might be expected to produce a toxic effect.
- Rationale for animal assignment (if not random): No data.
- Rationale for selecting satellite groups: No data.
- Post-exposure recovery period in satellite groups: No data.
- Section schedule rationale (if not random): No data.

Positive control:

No data.

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: No data
- Time schedule: Hourly for signs of toxicity.

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: No data.

BODY WEIGHT: No data
- Time schedule for examinations: Weekly.

FOOD CONSUMPTION: No data

FOOD EFFICIENCY: No data

WATER CONSUMPTION: No data

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes - only for rats.
- Time schedule for collection of blood: Blood samples were taken from ten male and ten female rats per exposure group for clinical chemistry determinations at 42 days. At the end of the 90-day exposure hematologic and clinical chemistry determinations were made using blood samples that were taken at necropsy from male and female rats that were not sampled at 42 days exposure.
- Animals fasted: No data
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: No data
- How many animals: 20 - 10 male and 10 female rats per exposure group.
- Parameters checked below were examined:
Haematocrit; Haemoglobin; RBC; WBC; WBC Differential; Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV); Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MeH); Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC).

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes only for rats.
- Time schedule for collection of blood: Blood samples were taken from ten male and ten female rats per exposure group for clinical chemistry determinations at 42 days. At the end of the 90-day exposure hematologic and clinical chemistry determinations were made using blood samples that were taken at necropsy from male and female rats that were not sampled at 42 days exposure.
- Animals fasted: No data
- How many animals: 20 - 10 male and 10 female rats per exposure group.
- Parameters checked below were examined:
Calcium; Albumin/Globulin; Total Protein; Alkaline Phosphatase; SGOT; Creatinine; BUN.

URINALYSIS: No data

NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: Yes CNS Examination
- Time schedule for examinations: After 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and at test termination.
- Dose groups that were examined: Five male and five female rats from the high concentration and the control group.
- Battery of functions tested: sensory and motor activity:

Autonomic Signs; As each rat was taken from its home cage, it was evaluated for the presence of diarrhea, lacrimation (including chromodacryorrhea), nasal discharge, salivation, exophthalmus, and urinary incontinence. Presence of any of these were recorded; and absence of all autonomic
signs was noted with a zero (Irwin, 1968).

Tail Tip Curl Reflex: Holding the rat in the right hand under the forelimbs, the tail was stroked toward the tail tip with the left forefinger beginning at a point about one third of its length from the tip, and hesitating at a point about 1 to 1 1/2 inches from the tip. In normal rats, the tail tip curled,
more or less strongly, around the finger. The strength of the response was rated on a scale of 0 (no response), 1 (present but not stronglrisk), or 2 (strongly curled, brisk response). If a rat began to struggle, it was returned to its cage, then retested. A maximum of three attempts were allowed.

Hind Foot Position/Foot Drop: Normal rats supported under the forelimbs typically show one of two hind limb positions: (a) the feet drawn up against the body, the ankles flexed, the legs parallel, and the toes extended in a relatively relaxed fashion; or (b) the legs splayed outward, theankles extended in a relaxed manner or spread. Drooping feet, crosse legs, and/or curled toes are abnormal (Snyder and Braun, 1977). Hind limb poition was scored and recorded as 0 (sign absent) or 1 (sign present).

Lateral Hop: Each rat was held around the thorax in one hand and the rat's tail taken in the other. One hind foot was placed on the edge of a bench top while the tail was pulled downward slightly to put weight on the foot. When the rat was tilted in the direction of the foot in contact with the bench top, it normally would hop on that one foot in that direcion. The test was done both to the left and right and the response was scored 0 (no hop or depressed response) or 1 (presnt/normalresponse) (Marshall and Teitelbaum, 1974) and recorded.

Sacrifice and pathology:

GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes (see table in attached background material: 90 day continuous inhalation tox results tables.pdf )
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes (see table in attached background material: 90 day continuous inhalation tox results tables.pdf )

Other examinations:

None detailed.

Statistics:

Data Analysis: The design for body weight analysis was repeated measures with a blocking effect of sex (male, female). If there was an overall significant F (p < 0.05), Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch Range Test (SAS Institute, Inc., 1985) was used to find pairwise comparisons. The organ weights and bloo data were statistically analyzed via a two factorial analysis of variance. The factors were exposure concentration and sex. If overall F was significant (p<0.05) pairwise comparisons were done using the Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch Range Test. An Armitage test of linear trend (SAS Institute, Inc., 1985) and a Chi-square test for proportions (Dixon, 1985) were used to analyze the pathology data. The same group of control animals, according to species and sex, were used for comparison with groups of animals exposed to hydraulic fluids, appropriate corrections wereincorporated into the computerized statistical procedures.

Clinical signs:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

See Details on results

Mortality:

mortality observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence):

See Details on results

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

See Details on results

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

not examined

Food efficiency:

not examined

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not examined

Ophthalmological findings:

not examined

Haematological findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

See Details on results

Clinical biochemistry findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

See Details on results

Urinalysis findings:

not examined

Behaviour (functional findings):

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

See Details on results

Immunological findings:

not examined

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

See Details on results

Gross pathological findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

See Details on results

Neuropathological findings:

not examined

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

See Details on results

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not examined

Details on results:

CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY: Natural deaths among hamsters and rats were few and sporadic. Several deaths occurred, particularly in the high concentration MIL-H-19457B female rat group during an interim bleeding regimen. The bleeding technique was altered slightly and additional deaths were avoided. Signs of toxic stress were noted in the high concentration MIL-H-19457B rabbit group as early as three days after exposure initiation. The rabbits became anorexic and lethargic. This was followed by cachexia accompanied by head droop prior to death. Paralysis was not noted. All rabbits from this group died by the 49th expoure day. Mortality also occurred in several of the other rabbit groups, including controls. Pasteurella multocida infection was the cause in some of these deaths, including one rabbit that died from the low concentration MIL-H-19457B group.
Kyphosis was noted in rats early in the 100 mg/m3 MIL-H-19457B exposure. This persisted throughout the 90 days. These groups of rats also had rough coats and a general unkempt appearance.

BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN: Male rats exposed to MIL-H-19457B showed no exposure related differences in growth. Female rats exposed to 100 mg/m3 exhibited an erratic growth curve that was generally lower than and statistically different (p<0.01) from the controls. Hamsters exposed to 100 mg/m3 also showed slightly depressed weight gain particularly during the latter stages of the exposure when weight loss occurred, however, the mean weights were never significantly different from those of the control group. Rabbits were rapidly losing weight by the second week of exposure to 100 mg/ml and were all dead by the eighth week. The weight of rabbits exposed to 10 mg/ml were unaffected throughout the exposure.

FOOD CONSUMPTION: No data.

FOOD EFFICIENCY: No data.

WATER CONSUMPTION: No data.

OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: No data.

HAEMATOLOGY: Statistically significant group means were noted for a few parameters, however, marked differences did not occur.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: The group mean values were statistically significantly different for several parameters, yet the actual magnitude of most of those differences appeared to be relatively small. Some of the more marked group differences occurred in calcium, SGPT, and alkaline phosphatase values.

URINALYSIS: No data.

NEUROBEHAVIOUR: MIL-H-19457B didn't substantially alter the responses measured by the hindfoot drop test or the lateral hop test. A general decline in performance in the tail tip curl test was noted in male rats exposed to MIL-H-19457B. Results of this test in female rats were erratic. Statistically significant differences in tail tip curl test responses could only be demonstrated when data for both sexes were combined. The loss of test subjects toward the termination of the exposure hindered a conclusive interpretation.

ORGAN WEIGHTS: In a number of the groups the heart, spleen. and brain weights of rats exposed to the three hydraulic fluids were statistically different (p≤0.01) from control values. No remarkable trends were noted in any of these values. Significant elevations in liver weight occurred in male rats exposed to MIL-H-19457B. The relative liver weight of male rats exposed to 100 mg/m3 was increased more than 40% for MIL-H-19457B, compared with the control group. Exposure to 10mg/m3 of the registered substance produced a less dramatic increase: 4% - MlL-H-19457B). No difference between the relative liver weights of the control group and rats exposed to 10 mg/m3 MIL-H-19457B was noted. Groups of rats having significantly elevated relative liver weights also had increase absolute liver weights. Analyses of female rat organ weights indicated elevated liver weight in animals exposed to MIL-H-19457B. The increase relative liver weights observed were comparable between male and female rats. An increase of approximately 10% occurred in the livers of females exposed to 10 mg/m3 of the registered subtance, while an increase of 45% occurred in the livers of females exposed to MIL-H-19457B at the high concentrations.

GROSS PATHOLOGY: Gross lesions of note in male rats at termination of exposure were testicular atrophy in 25% of the 100 mg MIL-H-19457B/m3 group, adrenal enlargement in 33% of the 100 mg/m3 MlL-H-19457B. Grossly enlarged adrenal glands were also observed in 25% and 53% respectively of the 10 and 100 mg/m3 MIL-H-19457B groups of female rats. The gross examination of rabbits and hamsters at the conclusion of the exposure period disclosed no remarkable lesions.

HISTOPATHOLOGY: RATS: The control male and female rats (20 per sex) incidences of pulmonary interstitial inflammation were respectively, 35 % and 40%. The pituitary gland of 19% of the control males (3/16) displayed small populations of enlarged adenohypophyseal cells with abundant, eosnophilic cytoplasm. Six male and two female control rats had adrenocortical fatty change. Mild pancreatic atrophy was obsrved in 2/20 (10%) of the control females.
- Nose: Mild goblet cell hyperplasia of the nasal mucos was noted in 6/20 (30%) of the males, and 1/20 (5%) of the females in the high concentration group. No low concentration subject and only 1/20 (5%) of the control males exhibited this change.
- Lungs: Perivascular cuffing and interstitial inflammation were inflammatory changes which were considered components of a continuum of pulmonary interstitial effec. Where both perivascular cuffing and interstital inflammation were present in the same animal, only one diagnosis (inflammation) was use for incidence data. When considered together, and in both sexes, these mild to moderate lung changes were obsrved in 18/40 (45%)control, 20140 (50%) lC, and 15/40 (38%) HC rats. Following combination of all pulmonary inflammatory diagnoses, no expoure relationship was evident.
- Heart: Minimally severe foci of myocardial inflammation and degeneration were presnt in 9/19 (47%) LC male rats and in 1/20 (5%) HC rats. Similar myocardiallesions were not seen in control males or females.
- Liver: Mild hepatocellular swelling was observed in 3/20 (15%) males and 4/20 (20%) female rats in the HC group.
- Kidney: Renal papillary necrosis (16/20) and tubular cell fatty change (12/20) were observed in the HC females only. These lesions were not documented in control female rats or male rats and were considered to be a distinct concentration-related effec of expoure to MIL-H-19457B in females.
- Adrenal: Distinct adrenocortical fatty change was observed in all males and females in both exposure groups, and generally with concentration-dependent severity, Six of twenty (30%) male controls, and 2/20 (10%) female controls also exhibited adrenocortical fatty change but only minimal severity.
- Ovary: Hypertrophy of ovarian interstitial cells was noted in 18/19 (95%) HC and 6/20 (30%) LC females.
- Testis: Moderate to severe degeneration of testicular seminiferous tubules was found in all HC males (100%). It was not present in LC or control males. Also, mild intersttial cell hyperplasia was detected in 4120 (20%) HC males.
- Pituitary: Twelve of nineteen (63%) HC males exhibited small populations of enlarged adenohypophysal cells with abundant, eonophilic cyoplasm.

HISTOPATHOLOGY: RABBITS:
Morphologic diagnoses and incidences of histopathologic changes in both sexes of control rabbits and rabbits exposed to 10 mg/m3 and 100 mg/ml concentrations of MIL-H-19457B. The primary histopathologic changes observed in rabbits used as control were chronic nasal inflammation in three males, and lymphocytic interstitial inflammation in the lungs of two males. A lesion which deserves comment was centrilobular to panlobular hepatocellular fatty change in the livers of all four female rabbits exposed to the high concentration of MIL-H-19457B. Similar fat accumulations were not observed in hepatocytes of males exposed to the high concentration of MIL-H-19457B. Although not included in Table 13, degenerative neurologic lesions were seen in the spinal cord of one control male rabbit, and one female rabbit expose to the low concentration of MIL-H-19457B.

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect level:

10 mg/L air (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

behaviour (functional findings)

clinical biochemistry

clinical signs

gross pathology

mortality

Critical effects observed:

not specified

MIL-H-19457B appears to be the more toxic of the two triarylphosphate compounds based on the mortality data, gross findings and histopathology. The toxicity of each compound at 10 mg/m1, the predicted shipbord concentration, appeared to be minimal.

Table 2: Animal Mortality During Exposure To Hydraulic Fluid:

Species and Sex	Controls	MIL-H-19457B
		10mg/m3	100mg/m3
Rats, Male (20)a	5.0	0.0	0.0
Rats, Female (20)	10.0	0.0	25.0
Hamsters, Male (20)	0.0	5.0	0.0
Rabbits, Male (4)	0.0	0.0	100.0b
Rabbits, Female (4)	25.0	25.0b	100.0

a = Original number of animals/group in parentheses.

b = Includes a death from Pasteurella multocida infection.

Table 3: Mean Scores of CNS Examination of Rats Exposed for 90 Days To Hydraulic Fluids (a):

Male Rats
Tail Tip Curl	2 Weeks	4 Weeks	8 Weeks	Termination
Control	1.9 ± 0.1	1.6 ± 0.2	1.8 ± 0.1	1.8 ±0.1
MIL-H-19457B	1.7 ± 0.1	1.9 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.2	1.0±0.2
Hind Foot Drop
Control	0	0	0	0
MIL-H-19457B	0	0	0	0
Lateral Hop
Control	1.0 ± 0.0	1.0 ± 0.0	1.0 ± 0.0	1.0 ± 0.0
MIL-H-1945B	1.0 ± 0.0	1.0 ± 0.0	0.6 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.1
Female Rats
Tail Tip Curl	2 Weeks	4 Weeks	8 Weeks	Termination
Control	1.7 ± 0.2	1.0 ± 0.0	1.5 ± 0.3b	1.5 ± 0.3b
MIL-H-19457B	1.5 ± 0.5	2.0 ± 0.0	1.0 ±0.0c	1.5 ± 0.5d
Hind Foot Drop
Control	0	0	0b	0b
MIL-H-19457B	0	0	0c	0d
Lateral Hop
Control	1.0 ± 0.0	1.0 ± 0.0	1.0 ± 0.0b	1.0 ± 0.0b
MIL-H-19457B	1.0 ± 0.0	1.0 ± 0.0	0.5 ± 0.5c	1.0 ± 0.0d

a: Mean±S.E.M.; n = 5 unless described otherwise; units described in test.

b: n = 4

c: n = 3

d: n = 2

Table 4: Haematology Values (a) of Rats After Exposure to MIL-H-19457B for 90 Days:

MALE RATS	Control	MIL-H-19457B
	(N = 8)	10mg/m3 (N=10)	100mg/m3 (N=10)
RBC (10^6 cells/µL)	8.22 ± 0.04	8.05 ± 0.10	8.18 ± 0.11
WBC (10^3 cells/µL)	5.19 ± 0.34	5.48 ± 0.41	7.36 ± 0.43b,c
HCT (%)	41.90 ± 0.42	40.10 ± 0.51	40.88 ± 0.45
HGB (g/dL)	14.64 ± 0.17	14.37 ±0.16	14.63 ± 0.23
MCV (fl)	50.96 ± 0.35	49.82 ± 0.28	49.96 ± 0.25
MCH (pg)	17.80 ± 0.16	17.86 ± 0.14	17.87 ± 0.14
MCHC (g/dL)	34.93 ± 0.13	35.86 ± 0.41	35.77 ± 0.27
FEMALE RATS	Control	MIL-H-194578B
	(N=8)	10mg/m3 (N=10)	100mg/m3 (N=5)
RBC (10^6 cells/µL)	7.72 ± 0.07	7.70 ± 0.06	7.43 ±0.13
WBC (10^3 cells/µL)	3.64 ± 0.20	3.98 ± 0.26	4.24 ±0.28
HCT (%)	41.97 ± 0.50	47.29 ± 1.86b	38.90 ± 0.38b,c
HGB (g/dL)	14.57 ± 0.15	14.09 ±0.14b	13.36 ± 0.20bc
MCV (fL)	54.35 ±0.44	53.49±0.29b	52.38 ±0.46
MCH (pg)	18.87±0.14	18.29±0.84	17.98±0.05b
MCHC	34.73±0.28	34.14±0.14	34.34±0.23

a: Mean±S.E.M

b: Mean different from control at p<0.05, using a two factorial analysis of variance and the Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch Range Test.

c: Statistically different from 10mg/m3 group at p<0.05, using a two factorial analysis of variance and the Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch Range Test.

Table 5. Clinical Chemistry Values (a) of Male Rats after 42 or 90 Days of Exposure to MIL-H-19457B:

42 Days	Control	MIL-H-19457B
	(N=10)	10mg/m3 (N=10)	100mg/m3 (N=10)
BUN (m/dL)	22.68±1.31	20.94±1.34	19.21±1.45b
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.75±0.04	0.72±0.04	0.65±0.05
Total Protein (g/dL)	8.27±0.27	8.54±0.12	8.15±0.19
Albium (g/dL)	3.79±0.37	4.72±0.31	5.07±0.27b
Globulin (g/dL)	4.48±0.48	3.82 ±0.30	3.09±0.27b
Alb/Glob Ratio	1.04±0.22	1.36±0.18	1.76±0.16b
Calcium (g/dL)	8.36±0.56	14.83±1.76b	21.26±0.71b,c
SGOT/AST (IU/L)	69.78±15.27	54.15±3.55	63.82±5.62
SGPT/ALT (IU/L)d	--------------	--------------	-----------------
Alkaline Phos (IU/L)	166.40±15.27	54.15±3.55	63.82±5.62
90 Days	Control	MIL-H-19457B
	(N=10)	10mg/m3 (N=10)	100mg/m3
BUN(mg/dL)	13.87±0.71	14.49±0.49	15.86±1.04
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.56±0.03	0.65±0.02b	0.63±0.02
Total Protein (g/dL)	9.15±0.10	9.50±0.15	9.11±0.12
Albium (g/dL)	4.85±0.06	4.68±0.05b	4.62±0.06b
Globulin (g/dL)	4.29±0.08	4.82±0.15b	4.49±0.09
Alb/Glob Ratio	1.13±0.02	0.98±0.03b	1.03±0.02b
Calcium (g/dL)	8.59±0.47	9.92±0.41	8.30±0.19c
SGOT/AST (IU/L)	58.29±3.01	58.96±4.02	59.06±2.21
SGPT/ALT (IU/L)d	25.07±1.20	23.49±1.28	45.14±2.27b,c
Alkaline Phos (IU/L)	57.00±2.03	48.00±1.26b	40.40±1.34b,c

a: Mean±S.E.M

b: Mean different from control at p<0.05, using a two factorial analysis of variance and the Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch Range Test.

c: Statistically different from 10mg/m3 group at p<0.05, using a two factorial analysis of variance and the Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch Range Test.

d: This test was not performed due to an insufficient volume of serum.

Table 6: Clinical Chemistry Values (a) of Female Rats after 42 or 90 Days of Exposure to MIL-H-19457B:

42 Days	Control	MIL-H-19457B
	(N=10)	10mg/m3 (N=10)	100mg/m3 (N=10)
BUN (m/dL)	26.34±1.34	25.04±0.82b	18.67±0.96b,c
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.70±0.03	0.75±0.04	0.81±0.05
Total Protein (g/dL)	9.79±0.56	10.23±0.27	10.46±0.53
Albium (g/dL)	5.78±0.13	5.09±0.32b	5.40±0.28
Globulin (g/dL)	4.13±0.61	5.21 ±0.38	5.32±0.47
Alb/Glob Ratio	1.57±0.21	1.03±0.13	1.00±0.10b
Calcium (g/dL)	11.00±0.32	12.93±0.73b	13.13±0.54b
SGOT/AST (IU/L)	71.18±7.90	83.04±4.21	80.51±5.85
SGPT/ALT (IU/L)d	--------------	--------------	-----------------
Alkaline Phos (IU/L)	114.40±6.09	102.60±2.09	75.40±2.79b,c
90 Days	Control	MIL-H-19457B
	(N=10)	10mg/m3 (N=10)	100mg/m3 (N=9)
BUN(mg/dL)	19.36±0.90	17.13±0.99	28.79±1.85b,c
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.61±0.03	0.62±0.02	0.59±0.02
Total Protein (g/dL)	0.62±0.26	8.53±0.16	8.24±0.22
Albium (g/dL)	5.04±0.06	5.01±0.06	4.69±0.13b,c
Globulin (g/dL)	3.58±0.21	3.53±0.12	3.55±0.17
Alb/Glob Ratio	1.44±0.07	1.43±0.04	1.35±0.08
Calcium (g/dL)	12.21±0.38	11.88±0.18	11.44±0.29
SGOT/AST (IU/L)	77.42±4.37	85.60±8.94	81.50±6.45
SGPT/ALT (IU/L)d	27.05±2.17	32.17±4.12	36.10±2.18b
Alkaline Phos (IU/L)	34.60±1.87	34.20±2.00	27.44±1.89b,c

a: Mean±S.E.M

b: Mean different from control at p<0.05, using a two factorial analysis of variance and the Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch Range Test.

c: Statistically different from 10mg/m3 group at p<0.05, using a two factorial analysis of variance and the Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch Range Test.

d: This test was not performed due to an insufficient volume of serum.

- Further tables can be found as attached background material.

Conclusions:

It was dertermined that MIL-H-19457B was the more toxic of the two triarylphosphate compounds based on the mortality data, gross findings and histopathology. The toxicity of each compound at 10 mg/ml, the predicted shipbord concentration, appeared to be minimal.

Executive summary:

It was determined that MIL-H-19457B was the more toxic of the two triarylphosphate compounds based on the mortality data, gross findings and histopathology. The toxicity of each compound at 10 mg/m3, the predicted shipbord concentration, appeared to be minimal.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available (further information necessary)

Quality of whole database:

There exists a 90-day subchronic inhalation toxicity study on the substance itself. It was determined that IPTPP (referenced as MIL-H-19457B) was the more toxic of the two triarylphosphate compounds based on the mortality data, gross findings and histopathology. The data is non-optimal as there are significant effects at 10 mg/m3 which are not further explored. The data is not used in the derivation of the DNEL.

Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - local effects

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - systemic effects

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term repeated dose toxicity: dermal

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

1981, not specified.

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

GLP. Reported under EC 793/93 for Existing substances regulations. Full methodology etc not available. Deemed reliable as evaluated by the European Commission. This data is considered the property of the data submitter. However it has not been possible to locate the study report due to re-organisation associated with the merger.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 410 (Repeated Dose Dermal Toxicity: 21/28-Day Study)

Deviations:

not specified

GLP compliance:

yes

Limit test:

no

Species:

rat

Strain:

other: F3 hybrid of RII 1/Tif and RII 2/tif

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

Not specified.

Type of coverage:

semiocclusive

Vehicle:

not specified

Details on exposure:

5 rat/sex/group were patched with the test substance dermally on the shaved back for a period of 4 weeks on a 5 day/week basis, 6 hours per day.

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

not specified

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

Not specified.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

28 days

Frequency of treatment:

5 days/week for for weeks, 6 hours/day

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
100 mg/kg
Basis:
nominal per unit body weight

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
500 mg/kg
Basis:
nominal per unit body weight

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
2000 mg/kg
Basis:
nominal per unit body weight

No. of animals per sex per dose:

5

Control animals:

yes

Details on study design:

5 rat/sex/group were patched with the test substance dermally on the shaved back for a period of 4 weeks on a 5 day/week basis, 6 hours per day. No further information is available.

Positive control:

Not specified.

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:

Not specified.

Sacrifice and pathology:

Not specified.

Other examinations:

Not specified.

Statistics:

Not specified.

Clinical signs:

not specified

Dermal irritation:

not specified

Mortality:

not specified

Body weight and weight changes:

not specified

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

not specified

Food efficiency:

not specified

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not specified

Ophthalmological findings:

not specified

Haematological findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Clinical biochemistry findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Urinalysis findings:

not specified

Behaviour (functional findings):

not specified

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

effects observed, treatment-related

Gross pathological findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

effects observed, treatment-related

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not specified

Details on results:

There was a slight inhibition of plasma cholinesterase activity in females receiving 500 mg/kg (p<0.01) as well as in both sexes of the 2000 mg/kg group (male not significant, female significant at p<0.01). The erythrocyte cholinesterase activity was significantly (p<0.01) inhibited in the males treated with 2000 mg/kg. Adrenal weights were increased in males receiving 500 and 2000 mg/kg. Microscopic examination of tissues showed a slight fatty change in the adrenal cortex in 2/5 males receiving 500 mg/kg and in 3/5 males receiving 2000 mg/kg.

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

100 mg/kg bw/day

Sex:

male

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

500 mg/kg bw/day

Sex:

female

Dose descriptor:

LOEL

Effect level:

500 mg/kg bw/day

Sex:

male

Dose descriptor:

LOEL

Effect level:

2 000 mg/kg bw/day

Sex:

female

Critical effects observed:

not specified

Conclusions:

The No Adverse Effect Level was 100 mg/kg in males and 500 mg/kg in females. The Low Observed Effect Level in males was 500 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg in females.

Executive summary:

The No Adverse Effect Level for Kronitex 50 in this test was 100 mg/kg in males and 500 mg/kg in females. The Low Observed Effect Level in males was 500 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg in females.

This information is provided as supporting study data only.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

100 mg/kg bw/day

Study duration:

subacute

Species:

rat

Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - local effects

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

Oral.

There is an oral / developmental / reproductive toxicity screen on the substance itself available for inspection. At dose levels of 25 mg/kg/day and above, parental toxicity was evidenced by increased ovary/oviduct, adrenal gland (males and females) and liver (males only) weights and decreased epididymal weights.

 

At the request of ECHA, a 90-day oral toxicity study (OECD 408) was conducted. Under the conditions of this study, where the test substance was administered via oral gavage for 91 consecutive days to male and female rats at 0, 25, 100, and 325 mg/kg/day, the No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) was considered to be less than 25 mg/kg/day (lowest dose administered) based on adverse histopathological changes observed in the adrenal glands for males and females at all dose levels. Macroscopic and organ weight changes in the adrenal gland correlated to diffuse vacuolation of the zona fasciculata and were characterized by enlarged cells with foamy cytoplasm. In addition, the zona fasciculata cells present near the zona reticularis had large single clear vacuoles that expanded outwardly depending on severity. Adversity was based on the severity, and the increases in weights noted in females. At recovery the diffuse vacuolation was not present; however, cells near the zona reticularis had large single cytoplasmic vacuoles (identified as increased vacuolation).

 

Dermal

Two studies taken from the ECB “Existing Substances” initiative are available for this substance as follows:

1) There was a slight inhibition of plasma cholinesterase activity in females receiving 500 mg/kg (p<0.01) as well as in both sexes of the 2000 mg/kg group (male not significant, female significant at p<0.01). The erythrocyte cholinesterase activity was significantly (p<0.01) inhibited in the males treated with 2000 mg/kg. Adrenal weights were increased in males receiving 500 and 2000 mg/kg. microscopic examination of tissues showed a slight fatty change in the adrenal cortex in 2/5 males receiving 500 mg/kg and in 3/5 males receiving 2000 mg/kg.

2) A slight inhibition of the plasma cholinesterase activity in the females receiving 1000 mg/kg. A decrease in absolute and relative (to body) testicular weight was observed in the males receiving 1000 mg/kg; microscopic examination of the testes showed slight tubular atrophy in both controls and treated groups. Slightly increased absolute and relative (to body) adrenal weights were observed in the treated groups but no microscopic findings were noted. Dermal application over a period of 28 days at a dosage of 200 mg/kg did not produce observable adverse effects.

 

Inhalation

 One chronic study is available to assess the effects; however this was conducted on lubricant formulations. Effects noted included weight loss, elevated liver weights, testicular atrophy, pulmonary interstitial inflammation, adrenocortical fatty change, myocardial inflammation, hypertrophy of ovarian interstitial cells.

 

Justification for selection of repeated dose toxicity via oral route - systemic effects endpoint:

See discussion below

 

Justification for selection of repeated dose toxicity inhalation - systemic effects endpoint:

See discussion below

 

Justification for selection of repeated dose toxicity dermal - systemic effects endpoint:

See discussion below

 

Repeated dose toxicity: via oral route - systemic effects (target organ) glandular: adrenal gland

 

Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - systemic effects (target organ) cardiovascular / hematological: heart; digestive: liver; glandular: adrenal gland; urogenital: ovaries; urogenital: testes

 

Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - systemic effects (target organ) cardiovascular / hematological: other; glandular: adrenal gland; urogenital: testes

Justification for classification or non-classification

The above studies have all been ranked reliability 1 according to the Klimisch et al system. This ranking was deemed appropriate because the studies were not conducted to GLP or in compliance with agreed protocols. Some of the reports do not detail a specific method; however it documents dose levels and responses in detail, so is deemed appropriate for use in the support of a formal registration. Sufficient dose ranges and numbers are detailed; hence it is appropriate for use based on reliability and animal welfare grounds.

Justification for classification or non classification

The above results triggered classification under the CLP Regulation (EC No 1272/2008) as follows:

H373: May cause damage to organs <adrenal glands> through prolonged or repeated exposure (oral)