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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
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EC number: 232-489-3 | CAS number: 8052-41-3 A colorless, refined petroleum distillate that is free from rancid or objectionable odors and that boils in a range of approximately 148.8°C to 204.4°C (300°F to 400°F).
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 44 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 1 100 mg/m³
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEC is starting point for the DNEL description and the default assessment factor as standard procedure is 1
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- The default AF (assessment factor) for differences in duration of exposure from sub-chronic exposure to chronic risk assessment is 2, according to Guidance Document R.8 (ECHA, 2012),
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- The corrected NOAEC for workers 8h/day exposed is 550 mg/m³ and is covered with correction of dose-descriptor;
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default factor for remaining interspecies differences is 2.5.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default factor for intraspecies differences for workers is 5.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The database has a good quality and therefore the default factor of 1 applies.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 55 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- other: LC 50
- Value:
- 5 500 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
A default AF of 100 is starting point, when deriving a DNELacute from LC50 according to Guidance Document R.8 (ECHA, 2012)
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 44 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 1 100 mg/m³
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEC is starting point for the DNEL description and the default assessment factor as standard procedure is 1
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- The default AF (assessment factor) for differences in duration of exposure from sub-chronic exposure to chronic risk assessment is 2, according to Guidance Document R.8 (ECHA, 2012),
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- The corrected NOAEC for workers 8h/day exposed is 550 mg/m³ and is covered with correction of dose-descriptor;
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default factor for remaining interspecies differences is 2.5.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default factor for intraspecies differences for workers is 5.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The database has a good quality and therefore the default factor of 1 applies.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 55 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- other: LC50
- Value:
- 5 500 mg/m³
- Justification:
- .
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 80 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 2 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The total AF for inter- and intraspecies variability (excluding allometry) of 12.5 for workers and of 25 for the general population, according to Guidance Document R.8 (ECHA, 2012)
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL is starting point for the DNEL description and the default assessment factor as standard procedure is 1
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- The default AF (assessment factor) for differences in duration of exposure from sub-chronic exposure to chronic risk assessment is 2, according to Guidance Document R.8 (ECHA, 2012),
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- The corrected NOAEC for workers 8h/day exposed is 1000 mg/kg bw and is covered with correction of dose-descriptor;
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default factor for remaining interspecies differences is 2.5.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- Default factor for intraspecies differences for workers is 5.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The database has a good quality and therefore the default factor of 1 applies.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 30 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- other: LD50
- Value:
- 3 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
A default AF of 100 is starting point, when deriving a DNELacute from LD50 according to Guidance Document R.8 (ECHA, 2012),
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 7.56 mg/cm²
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 5
- Justification:
- The REACH TGD considers the availability of information on intraspecies variation of local effects very sparse and therefore proposes the same default AF as for systemic effects, i.e. 5 for workers and 10 for the general population.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 22 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 1 100 mg/m³
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEC is starting point for the DNEL description and the default assessment factor as standard procedure is 1
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- The default AF (assessment factor) for differences in duration of exposure from sub-chronic exposure to chronic risk assessment is 2, according to Guidance Document R.8 (ECHA, 2012),
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- The corrected NOAEC for general population is 275 mg/m³ and is covered with correction of dose-descriptor;
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default factor for remaining interspecies differences is 2.5.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default factor for intraspecies differences for general population is 10.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The database has a good quality and therefore the default factor of 1 applies.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 55 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- By inhalation
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- other: LC50
- Value:
- 5 500 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
A default AF of 100 is starting point, when deriving a DNELacute from LC50 according to Guidance Document R.8 (ECHA, 2012),
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 22 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 1 100 mg/m³
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEC is starting point for the DNEL description and the default assessment factor as standard procedure is 1
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- The default AF (assessment factor) for differences in duration of exposure from sub-chronic exposure to chronic risk assessment is 2, according to Guidance Document R.8 (ECHA, 2012),
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- The corrected NOAEC for general population is 275 mg/m³ and is covered with correction of dose-descriptor;
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default factor for remaining interspecies differences is 2.5.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default factor for intraspecies differences for workers is 10
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The database has a good quality and therefore the default factor of 1 applies.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 55 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- other: LC50
- Value:
- 5 500 mg/m³
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 40 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 2 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The total AF for inter- and intraspecies variability (excluding allometry) of 12.5 for workers and of 25 for the general population, according to Guidance Document R.8 (ECHA, 2012)
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL is starting point for the DNEL description and the default assessment factor as standard procedure is 1
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 2
- Justification:
- Default factor for differences rat vs. human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default factor for remaining interspecies differences is 2.5.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
Default factor for intraspecies differences for general population is10.- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The database has a good quality and therefore the default factor of 1 applies.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 60 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Dermal
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 3 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The total AF for inter- and intraspecies variability (excluding allometry) of 12.5 for workers and of 25 for the general population, according to Guidance Document R.8 (ECHA, 2012)
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 3.78 mg/cm²
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 10
- Justification:
- The REACH TGD considers the availability of information on intraspecies variation of local effects very sparse and therefore proposes the same default AF as for systemic effects, i.e. 5 for workers and 10 for the general population.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 10.56 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 1 056 mg/kg bw/day
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- NOAEL is starting point for the DNEL description and the default assessment factor as standard procedure is 1
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 1
- Justification:
- The data on mice and rats are available from oral sub-chronic and chronic studies demonstrating that toxicity is not depending on time of exposure.
The NOAEL in oral sub-chronic and chronic studies are similar.
Chronic NOAELoral for rats is 400 mg/kg bw and sub-chronic NOAELoral for rats is 400 mg/kg bw
Chronic NOAELoral for mice is 200 mg/kg bw and sub-chronic NOAELoral for mice is 200 mg/kg bw
Consequently, the factor of 1 used in this derivation can be considered conservative and appropriate. - AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- Default factor for differences rat vs. human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- Default factor for remaining interspecies differences is 2.5.
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- Default factor for intraspecies differences for general population is10.
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- The database has a good quality and therefore the default factor of 1 applies.
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 50 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- acute toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- other: LD50
- Value:
- 5 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
A default AF of 100 is starting point, when deriving a DNELacute from LD50 according to Guidance Document R.8 (ECHA, 2012).
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.