Registration Dossier

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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Hazard for aquatic organisms

Freshwater

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no data available: testing technically not feasible

Marine water

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no data available: testing technically not feasible

STP

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no data available: testing technically not feasible

Sediment (freshwater)

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no data available: testing technically not feasible

Sediment (marine water)

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no data available: testing technically not feasible

Hazard for air

Air

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no hazard identified

Hazard for terrestrial organisms

Soil

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no data available: testing technically not feasible

Hazard for predators

Secondary poisoning

Hazard assessment conclusion:
no potential for bioaccumulation

Additional information

The substance Lithium Nickel Dioxide is an inorganic compound with very low solubility. Therefore, there are no mandatory testing requirements for any of the required ecotoxicological endpoints. As a result, the determination of PNEC levels for this substance that are based on ecotoxicological studies cannot be conducted.


A transformation/dissolution test according to OECD 29 with the substance, however, demonstrated that small amounts of the individual inorganic building blocks of this substance (i.e., the elements Ni and Li) could be released in aqueous media depending on exposure time and pH. For details please refer to IUCLID chapter 4.8 Water solubility.


 


The concentration of released metals strongly depends on time and pH. The highest concentration at pH 6.0 to 7.2 range between 26.4 µg/L (after 28d@1 mg/L) and 1976 µg/L (after 7d@100mg/L) for Lithium and 51.7 µg/L (after 28d@1mg/L) and 3828 µg/L (after 7d@100mg/L) for nickel.


 


Since the aquatic toxicity of both of the released metal ions (Li; Ni) is very well known, the environmental hazard assessment can be performed without further testing by using the environmental reference values (ERV) as derived by Ghekiere & Patrick Van Sprang (2007): "Derivation of acute & chronic reference values for Ni, Co, Li and Mn"; PDF attached. As demonstrated by Ghekiere & Sprang (2007) and as reflected in the registration dossiers of both metals, for the environmental hazard assessment, Nickel is about 2 order of magnitude more toxic to aquatic organisms than or Lithium. Moreover, the release of Nickel is higher than the release of Lithium as demonstrated in the OECD TG 29.


Thus, Nickel is the relevant metal for acute and chronic classification of Lithium nickel dioxide according to CLP.


 

Conclusion on classification

As mentioned above, classification of Lithium nickel dioxide (LiNiO2) is based on the release concentration of nickel as demonstrated in the OECD TG 29 (rf. chapter 4.8. Water solubility). Ghekiere & Sprang (2007) compared several acute and chronic aquatic toxicity data on Ceriodaphnia dubia using Nickel chloride to derive a conservative environmental reference value for the aquatic toxicity of nickel ion.


To derive the aquatic acute classification, the release concentrations are compared to the observed acute toxicity of the nickel ion (ERV):


LC50 = 68 µg/L (Ghekiere & Sprang, 2007)


Since 1 mg of LiNiO2 released 51.7 µg Ni/L after 28d and 10 mg/L LiNiO2 released 162 mg Ni/L after 7d, 68 µg Ni/L (=LC50) will be released at a LiNiO2 concentration of >1 mg/L <10 mg/L. Thus, the derived CLP classification is Aquatic Acute 2 (H401).


To derive the aquatic chronic classification, the release concentrations are compared to the observed chronic toxicity of the nickel ion (ERV):


EC10 = 2.4 µg/L (Wirtz et al., 2004 as cited in Ghekiere & Sprang, 2007)


Since 1 mg of LiNiO2 released 51.7 µg Ni/L after 28d, 2.4 µg Ni/L (= EC10) will be released at a LiNiO2 concentration of >0.01 mg/L < 0.1 mg/L. Thus, the derived CLP classification is Aquatic Chronic 2 (H411).