N-[4-[(9,10-dihydro-4-hydroxy-9,10-dioxo-1-anthryl)amino]phenyl]acetamide

PBT assessment

PBT assessment: overall result

Reference

Name:

N-[4-[(9,10-dihydro-4-hydroxy-9,10-dioxo-1-anthryl)amino]phenyl]acetamide (solvent blue 122)

Type of composition:

boundary composition of the substance

State / form:

solid: particulate/powder

Reference substance:

N-[4-[(9,10-dihydro-4-hydroxy-9,10-dioxo-1-anthryl)amino]phenyl]acetamide (solvent blue 122)

PBT status:

the substance is not PBT / vPvB

Justification:

Classification of N-[4-[(9,10-dihydro-4-hydroxy-9,10-dioxo-1-anthryl)amino]phenyl]acetamidefor effects in the environment:

 

The chemicalN-[4-[(9,10-dihydro-4-hydroxy-9,10-dioxo-1-anthryl)amino]phenyl]acetamide(CAS no. 67905-17-3) is used as an intermediate, used as a dye in coatings and paints, thinner etc. The aim was to assess whether the PBT criterion within Annex XIII was fulfilled forN-[4-[(9,10-dihydro-4-hydroxy-9,10-dioxo-1-anthryl)amino]phenyl]acetamide. The PBT criterion was herein assessed based on experimental data in conjunction with standardized environmental fate models. Here follows a description of the PBT assessment.

 

Persistence assessment

The tested substance does not fulfil the P criterion within Annex XIII based on the assessment that here follows:

 

Environmental fate

Aerobic mineralisation of test chemical in water was studies as per the principles of the OECD Guideline 309 (Aerobic Mineralisation in Surface Water - Simulation Biodegradation Test) (Adopted 13th April 2004) under aerobic conditions. The surface water was collected from Kaveri River, Sangama, Ramnagar District, Karnataka State, India in a thoroughly cleansed container. The sampling site for collection of the surface water was selected ensuring that no known history of its contamination with the test item or its structural analogues within the previous four years considering the history of possible agricultural, industrial or domestic inputs. The pH and temperature of the water was measured at the site of collection and the depth of sampling and the appearance of the water sample. (e.g. color and turbidity) was also noted. Oxygen concentration of the surface layer was measured in order to demonstrate aerobic conditions. Depth of sampling was 1 feet and surface water was clear with no turbidity. The test water was stored at 4°C with continuous aeration prior use for a period not more than 4 weeks. Temperature (°C) at time of collection was 21.1°C, pH of temperature was 6.73, Oxygen concentration (mg/l) of 5.1 mg/l,  Dissolved organic carbon (%) of 2.4 mg/kg dm, colony count consists of 4000 CFU/ml, Total organic carbon (TOC) of 2.6 mg/l, Nitrate (NO3- ) of 3 mg/l, Nitrite (NO2- ) of <0.005 mg/l, P of 0.3 mg/l, Orthophosphates (PO43-) of 0.22 mg/l, Total ammonia tot (NH4+ ) of <0.3 mg/l and BOD of <2.0 mg/l, respectively. Prior to use of surface water, the coarse particles were removed by filtration through a 100 μm mesh sieve. Test chemical conc. used in the study was 10 μg/L as low dose and 100 μg/L as high dose, respectively. The surface water was also treated at 500 µg/L (0.5 µg/mL) which was used for identification of degradation products. Study was performed in duplicates in a 250 ml conical flasks which was covered with cotton plugs under continuous darkness. Test conditions involve a temperature of 12±2°C, pH of  6.73. Test vessel was kept in an incubator shaker at 12 ± 2°C in dark. Aerobic condition was maintained in the test system by continuous shaking. Agitation was provided to facilitate oxygen transfer from the headspace to the liquid so that aerobic conditions were adequately maintained. Additional to test vessels, 1 blank test vessel containing only the test water for all sampling intervals was included, 1 blank test vessel containing only the sterile test water was also treated at 10 µg/L (0.01 µg/mL) and 100 µg/L (0.1 µg/mL) conc., 1 blank test vessel containing only test chemical with co-solvent and duplicate test vessels with reference (aniline) (conc. 10 μg/l i.e. 0.01 mg/l) was also kept in the study. All experiments were performed in duplicates. The concentration of test chemical residues in samples collected at different pre-determined interval zero-time (immediately after treatment day 0), day 1, day 3 day 7, day 14, day 28, day 45 and day 60 were diluted suitably with acetonitrile and at each sampling occasion, triplicate aliquots from each test concentration were subjected to total radioactivity analysis by LSC and the components were quantified by reverse phase radio-HPLC with on-line radiochemical detection. Additionally, an aliquot of each sample was subjected for 14CO2 determination by indirect method followed by LSC analysis and trapped 14CO2 in KOH and ethylene glycol by LSC analysis. Each sample was analyzed by HPLC-UV detection with on-line radiochemical detection. High performance liquid chromatograph (Exion HPLC) equipped with a mass spectrometer (TQ 5500) was used with a column of Column: Shimpack C18(2), 250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm, column oven temperature of 30°C, mobile phase consists of Solvent A : 5 mM ammonium formate in Milli-Q® water and Solvent B : Acetonitrile in a ratio of 30 : 70, v/v, flow rate of 0.5 mL/min with splitter, respectively. Detection method involve the use of MS. Using the method of Currie L. A. (1968), the LOD and LOQ of the LSC analyses were 28 and 111 dpm, respectively. During method validation, acceptable recoveries were generated for the samples fortified at LOQ and 10 LOQ level. The % RSD (precision) was ≤20% at each fortification level. Recovery data from these samples demonstrated that test chemical was unstable during analysis. The identification and quantification of the degradation product was carried out using mass spectrometry. Analysis of the Day 0 samples at 10 μg/L and 100 μg/L test concentrations demonstrated quantitative recovery of test chemical. The average amount of test chemical present was 98.8% and 0% & 101.7% and 46.7% at Day 0 and Day 60, respectively following application of test chemical to test water at 10 μg/L (low dose) and 100μg/L (high dose). The average amount of test chemical present was 100.9% and 60.6% at Day 0 and Day 60, respectively following application of test chemical to sterile test water at 100μg/L (high dose). The DT50 value was determined to be 7.2 d and 45.3 d at test chemical conc. of 10 μg/l and 100 μg/l at 12°C, respectively. 90% degradation of test chemical in natural surface water was determined after 23.9 d and 150 d at test chemical conc. of 10 μg/l and 100 μg/l, respectively. Test chemical was unstable in natural water and test chemical was completely converted into degradation product (1-hydroxy-4-(phenylamino)anthracene-9,10-dione) by end of incubation period of 60 days. Since at lowest dose, DT50 was less than 40 days, test chemical was considered to be not persistent (not P) in nature.

 

Bioaccumulation assessment

The tested substance does not fulfil the B criterion within Annex XIII based on the assessment that here follows:

 

The estimated BCF value from authoritative databases was determined to be ranges from 1 to 1068.6, respectively and the octanol water partition coefficient of the test chemical was determined to be 3.151±0.002 at 25°C as per OECD TG 117 which is less than the threshold of 4.5. If this chemical is released into the aquatic environment, there should be a low risk for the chemical to bioaccumulate in fish and food chains.

 

Toxicity assessment

The tested substance fulfils the T criterion within Annex XIII based on the assessment that here follows:

 

Mammals

The tested chemical is regarded to be not classified for carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and reprotoxicity, Further, there is no evidence of chronic toxicity, as identified by the classifications STOT (repeated exposure), category 1(oral, dermal, inhalation of gases/vapours, inhalation of dust/mist/fume) or category 2 (oral, dermal, inhalation of gases/vapours, inhalation of dust/mist/fume).

 

Aquatic organisms

All of the available short-term eco-toxicity data for fish, invertebrates and algae for the substanceN-[4-[(9,10-dihydro-4-hydroxy-9,10-dioxo-1-anthryl)amino]phenyl]acetamide(CAS no. 67905-17-3) indicates the LC50/EC50 value to be in the range 0.16 to >100 mg/L, respectively and on the basis of long term eco-toxicity data for fish and aq. Invertebrates as per OECD TG 210 and 211, the 28/21 d NOEC value was determined to be 0.01 mg/l and 0.1 mg/l, respectively. These value suggest that the substance is likely to be hazardous to aquatic organisms at environmentally relevant concentrations and hence, considered to be classified in ‘Aquatic acute/chronic category 1’ as per the CLP regulation.

 

The chemical was therefore considered as hazardous to aquatic environments as per the criteria set out in Annex XIII.

 

Conclusion

Based on critical, independent and collective evaluation of information summarized herein, the tested compound fulfils the T criterion but does not fulfil the P and B criterion and has therefore not been classified as a PBT compound within Annex XIII.

.