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Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Description of key information

Dermal studies:


One sub-acute dermal study is available for assessment of the dermal repeated dose toxicity of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA):


In a repeated dermal toxicity study (Cytec, 1979) 5 New Zealand White rabbits per sex and dose received topical application of 0 or 500 mg/kg bw TMPTA (500 mg/kg bw) to the back, once daily for 5 days per week for 2 weeks. Six animals per group were sacrificed after 15 days and the remaining 4 animals after 30 days. Animals treated with TMPTA exhibited severe erythema with necrotic skin and eschar formation, oedema, atonia, fissuring of the skin, desquamation and exfoliation of eschar tissue. Signs of severe irritation persisted in most animals throughout the post-treatment period. Motor activity decreased, and nasal discharge occurred in several animals in the treated group. Few animals exhibited slight body weight losses. Microscopic examination of selected tissues revealed no evidence of systemic toxicity resulting from administration of TMPTA. Evaluation of treated skin revealed severe necrosis of the epithelium and upper dermis (after 15 days) and epithelial and sub epithelial dermal necrosis (after 30 days). In conclusion, as no systemic substance related effects were observed the systemic NOAEL of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) was considered to be ≥ 500 mg/kg bw.


Other dermal studies are available, but these are disregarded due to the use of acetone as vehicle. Acetone is an inappropriately vehicle for dermal application as acetone is very drying to the skin, and thus, required to be classified with the hazard phrase EUH066 (mandatory classification as listed in (EC) No 1272/2008, Annex VI with Index number: 606‐001‐00‐8: repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking). It is evaluated that this could be a confounding factor for the evaluation of the systemic toxicity of TMPTA and the study is therefore disregarded for further evaluation and not used in the overall evaluation of repeated dose toxicity.


 


Oral studies:


A valid sub-chronic oral toxicity study is available to assess the repeated dose toxicity of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) from oral application (OECD TG 408). In the main study, TMPTA was administered in the diet for 90 days to male and female Wistar Han rats at dose levels of 2500 ppm, 900 ppm and 300 ppm, corresponding to 173 mg/kg bw/day (M) / 190 (F) mg/kg bw/day (2500 ppm), 64 mg/kg bw/day (M) / 170 (F) mg/kg bw/day (900 ppm) and 21 mg/kg bw/day (M) / 22 (F) mg/kg bw/day (300 ppm), respectively.


The dose levels were selected based on the results of a 14-day dietary rat study (Test Facility Study No. 20265400). A 14-day non-GLP pilot study (dose range finder) was performed to establish TMPTA dose levels to be used in a OECD 408 study. TMPTA was administered by dietary administration, once daily for 14-days consecutive days, to Wistar Han rats at dose levels of 5000, 10000 and 15000 ppm (phase 1) and 1500 and 3500 ppm (phase 2) using 5 animals/sex/dose level. Concurrent controls (5 animals/sex) received normal diet without TMPTA. Dietary inclusion was selected due to suspected local irritative properties of TMPTA.


Regarding compound intake, males at 5000 ppm showed an average test item intake of 471 mg test item/kg body weight/day. Females treated at 5000 ppm showed an average test item intake of 497 mg test item/kg body weight/day. Males treated at 1500 and 3500 ppm showed an average test item intake of 160 and 343 mg test item/kg body weight/day, respectively. Females treated at 1500 and 3500 ppm showed an average test item intake of 144 and 319 mg test item/kg body weight/day, respectively.


 


In this 14-day study (phase 1), at 10000 and 15000 ppm, all animals were prematurely euthanized and sacrificed based on excessive toxicity (body weight loss, decreased food consumption, decreased adipose tissue, hunched posture, erected fur) at day 4 of administration. At 5000 ppm, body weight and food consumption were affected in both sexes. Further, irregular surface of the non-glandular stomach was observed in all males and females at 5000 ppm. As the three previous dose levels exceeded the maximal tolerated dose (MTD), additional groups were treated at 1500 and 3500 ppm (phase 2).


In males treated at 3500 ppm, a lower bodyweight gain was observed and was associated with a decreased food consumption. No relevant effect was observed in the females treated with 3500 ppm. At 1500 ppm, no effect on body weight or food consumption was observed in males or in females. In addition, at neither 1500 nor 3500 ppm, clinical signs were observed during the 14-day treatment period. Histopathological examination showed test item-related findings in the stomach of the animals at both dose levels. At 1500 and 3500 ppm, the stomach alterations included squamous cell hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis in males and females, and ulcerations in the non-glandular stomach of females. Based on the severity of the stomach findings (hyperplasia/hyperkeratosis up to moderate degree and ulceration at mild degree) after 14 days of treatment with 3500 ppm, it was expected that at this dose, the stomach findings would become more severe after 90 days of treatment which could result in severe toxicity and possible mortalities. The stomach findings in animals treated at 1500 ppm were only minimal and the risk of severe toxicity resulting in mortalities is expected to be low after 90 days of treatment. Based on these findings, and in order to select a dose level which could lead to some toxic effect without excessive lethality, 2500 ppm was selected as the high dose concentration for the 90-day repeated dose toxicity study (OECD 408). The mid-dose and low-dose levels was set at 900 and 300 ppm.


 


In conclusion, administration of TMPTA by dietary administration for 14 days at 1500 and 3500 ppm (corresponding to 144-160 mg/kg bw/day and 319-343 mg/kg bw/day, respectively) was tolerated. At 3500 ppm, decreases in body weight and/or food consumption and morphological changes in the stomach were observed. The stomach findings would likely to be more severe after 90 days of administration, which may result in severe toxicity and possible mortalities. At 1500 ppm, only minimal morphological changes in the stomach were noted in males and females, which has probably a low risk of severe toxicity after 90 days of administration. Based on the results of this dose range finder, dose levels selected for the 90-day study were 300, 900 and 2500 ppm. 


In the main study, administration of TMPTA by dietary administration for at least 90 days was tolerated in Wistar Han rats of up to dose levels of 2500 ppm in males and females. No mortality occurred during the study. No test item-related effects were noted in males and females at 300 and 900 ppm.





At clinical chemistry assessment, a test item-related increase in alanine aminotransferase activity and calcium concentration was observed in males at 2500 ppm. At the low severity observed and in absence of a histopathological correlation, these findings were considered to be not adverse.











At necropsy, test item-related irregular surface was observed in the non-glandular stomach in all males and females at 2500 ppm.


Test item-related microscopic findings were present in the non-glandular stomach of all males and females at 2500 ppm. These findings consisted of squamous cell hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis (mild, diffuse). In addition, some females at 2500 ppm presented a few other microscopic findings in the non-glandular stomach including mucosal erosion (4/10, minimal, focal), submucosal edema (6/10, minimal, regionally extensive to diffuse) and submucosal mixed cell infiltrates (7/10, up to mild degree, regionally extensive to diffuse). The recorded alterations in the non-glandular stomach were local test item effects and likely resulting from the irritating properties of the test item.


No test item-related changes were noted in the following parameters investigated in this study: mortality, clinical appearance, body weight, food consumption, functional observations, ophthalmoscopy, hematology, coagulation and organ weights).


In conclusion, no systemic adverse effects were associated with the administration of 2-ethyl-2-[[(1-oxoallyl)oxy]methyl]-1,3-propanediyl diacrylate by dietary administration for at least 90 days in Wistar Han rats up to dose levels of 2500 ppm in males and females. Test item-related local effects were observed macroscopically and microscopically in the non-glandular stomach at 2500 ppm.








Based on these results, the systemic No Observed Adverse Effect Level was considered to be at least 2500 ppm (corresponding to an actual test article intake of 173 and 190 mg/kg body weight/day for males and females, respectively). Selecting higher dose levels for this 90-day dietary study was considered to be not justified, based on the toxicity (mortality at 5000 ppm) observed in the 14-day dietary rat study (Test Facility Study No. 20265400) and the local effects observed in glandular stomach.








 


A valid sub-acute oral toxicity study is available to assess the repeated dose toxicity of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) from oral application (OECD TG 422).


In the main study, TMPTA was administered by daily oral gavage to male and female Wistar Han rats at dose levels of 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg/day. Males were exposed for 2 weeks prior to mating, during mating, and up to termination (for 29 days). The females were exposed for 2 weeks prior to mating, during mating, during gestation, and at least 4 days of lactation (for 41-55 days).


The dose levels used in the OECD 422 study was based on the results form a non-GLP pilot study. In this, TMPTA was administered by oral gavage, once daily for 14 consecutive days, to Wistar Han rats at dose levels of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg/day (5 animals/sex/dose level). Based on the results (i.e., lower body weights in males at 1000 mg/kg/day, local toxicity at the stomach in both males and females from 100 mg/kg/day onwards, and slightly higher liver weights in females at 1000 mg/kg/day), the dose levels selected for the definitive OECD 422 study were 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg/day.


In the main study, treatment with TMPTA at dose levels of 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg/day revealed parental toxicity at 100 and 300 mg/kg/day (both sexes). There were only adverse local morphologic alterations in the non-glandular part of the stomach, the forestomach, which represented a local irritating effect of the test substance rather than a systemic effect. No treatment-related toxicologically significant changes were noted in any of the remaining parental parameters investigated in this study (i. e. clinical appearance, functional observations, body weight, food consumption, clinical laboratory investigations and organ weights).


Based on these results, a NOAEL of 30 mg/kg bw/day for local toxicity and a NOAEL of 300 mg/kg bw/day for systemic toxicity could be derived for parental toxicity (F0). No higher doses could be tested due to test substance related local toxicity on the non-glandular part of the stomach (i. e. the forestomach) at doses of 100 mg/kg/day and higher.


 

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Toxic effect type:
dose-dependent

Repeated dose toxicity: via oral route - systemic effects

Link to relevant study records
Reference
Endpoint:
sub-chronic toxicity: oral
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
From: 24 Mar 2021 To: 25 Aug 2021
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 408 (Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents)
Version / remarks:
2018
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EU Method B.26 (Sub-Chronic Oral Toxicity Test: Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents)
Version / remarks:
2008
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EPA OPPTS 870.3100 (90-Day Oral Toxicity in Rodents)
Version / remarks:
1998
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Limit test:
no
Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Source: Miwon Specialty Chemical Co., Ltd., Yongin-si, Korea
- Storage condition of test material: at a temperature <45°C
Species:
rat
Strain:
Wistar
Remarks:
Crl: WI(Han), Outbred, SPF-Quality
Details on species / strain selection:
The Wistar Han rat was chosen as the animal model for this study as it is an accepted rodent species for nonclinical toxicity test by regulatory agencies.
Sex:
male/female
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Deutschland, Sulzfeld, Germany or Charles River Laboratories France, L'Arbresle Cedex, France
- Females nulliparous and non-pregnant: yes
- Age at study initiation: 6-7 weeks old
- Weight at study initiation: 151 - 194 g (males) and 116 - 150 g (females)
- Fasting period before study: overnight with a maximum of 24 hours before sample collection for haematological and clinical chemistry, and overnight before the scheduled necropsies.
- Housing: Polycarbonate cages (Makrolon type IV, height 18 cm or Makrolon type 2000P, height 21.5 cm Type 2000P) containing sterilized wooden fibers as bedding material (Lignocel S 8-15, JRS - J.Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + CO. KG, Rosenberg, Germany) equipped with water bottles. Up to 5 animals of the same sex and same dosing group together. During locomotor activity monitoring, animals are housed individually in a Hi-temp polycarbonate cage (Ancare corp., USA; dimensions: 48.3 x 26.7 x 20.3 cm) without cage-enrichment, bedding material, food and water.
- Animal Enrichment: Animals were socially housed for psychological/environmental enrichment and were provided with items such as devices for hiding in, paper and/or objects for chewing, except when interrupted by study procedures/activities.
- Diet: SM R/M-Z from SSNIFF® Spezialdiäten GmbH, Soest, Germany, ad libitum, except during designated procedures. During motor activity measurements, animals had no access to food for a maximum of 2 hours.
- Water: Tap water, ad libitum.
- Acclimation period: 12 days

DETAILS OF FOOD AND WATER QUALITY:
- Food: Results of analysis for nutritional components and environmental contaminants are provided by the supplier and are on file at the Test Facility. It is considered that there are no known contaminants in the feed that would interfere with the objectives of the study.
- Water: Periodic analysis of the water is performed, and results of these analyses are on file at the Test Facility. It is considered that there are no known contaminants in the water that could interfere with the outcome of the study.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20 to 21°C (actual)
- Humidity (%): 45 to 77% (actual)
- Air changes (per hr): Ten or more air changes per hour
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours light and 12 hours dark (except during designated procedures)

IN-LIFE DATES: From: 05 Apr 2021 To: 06 Jul 2021
Route of administration:
oral: feed
Details on route of administration:
- The first day diets were available was designated as Day 1.
- The actual test item intake was estimated based on the body weight and food consumption values.
Vehicle:
unchanged (no vehicle)
Details on oral exposure:
PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
The test item was mixed directly with the required amount of powder feed.

DIET PREPARATION
- Frequency of preparation of diet: Diets containing the test item at a level of 300 ppm: up to 4 days prior to use. Diets containing the test item in the range of 500-15000 ppm: up to 3 weeks in advance.
- Mixing appropriate amounts with: Standard powder rodent diet (SM R/M-Z from SSNIFF® Spezialdiäten GmbH, Soest, Germany)
- Stability of diet preparations and storage temperature of food: Stability in the freezer (≤-15°C) over 3 weeks was confirmed for a 500-15000 ppm range under Test Facility Study No. 20265399 (Analytical Method Development and Validation Study). Diets were prepared up to 3 weeks in advance of first use. Diets were kept in the freezer (≤-15°C) until use, if not used on the day of preparation. Stability at room temperature for 4 days was confirmed at 300 ppm. Diets at this dose level were prepared up to 4 days prior to use and diets were kept at room temperature until use, if not used on the day of preparation. Any remaining food left after filling the food hoppers was stored at room temperature for a maximum of 4 days (stability is confirmed under Test Facility Study No. 20265399 (analytical Method Development and Validation Study)) for supplementing food during the respective food consumption measurement interval. The diet of Group 2 (300 ppm) was prepared up to 3 weeks in advance of first use, based on the confirmed stability at 300 ppm.
- Corrections for purity of the test item: No corrections
Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
yes
Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
SAMPLE COLLECTION
- Intervals: Week 1, 6 and 12, directly after preparation
- Samples for concentration analysis: All groups, 2 x approximately 5 g, samples collected from approximately middle
- Samples for homogeneity analysis: Groups 2 and 4, 2 x approximately 5 g, sample collected from approximately top, middle and bottom
- Samples taken from: Dosing container
- Backup samples: Duplicate middle samples for Groups 1 and 3 (concentration analysis only) and duplicate top, middle, and bottom samples for Groups 2 and 4 (concentration and homogeneity analysis) wee taken on the same day samples are collected for analyses for possible future analysis.

ANALYTICAL METHOD
- According to a validated analytical procedure (Test Facility Study No. 20265399).

ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
- For concentration: Mean sample concentration results within or equal to ± 20% of theoretical concentration.
- For homogeneity: Relative standard deviation (RSD) of concentrations of ≤ 10% for each group.

STABILITY ASSESSMENT
The Sponsor provided data to demonstrate that the test substance was stable in the diet.
Duration of treatment / exposure:
90 consecutive days
Frequency of treatment:
Continuously (via food)
Dose / conc.:
300 ppm
Remarks:
Equals mean intake level of 21 and 22 mg test item/kg body weight for males and females, respectively
Dose / conc.:
900 ppm
Remarks:
Equals mean intake level of 64 and 70 mg test item/kg body weight for males and females, respectively
Dose / conc.:
2 500 ppm
Remarks:
Equals mean intake level of 173 and 190 mg test item/kg body weight for males and females, respectively
No. of animals per sex per dose:
10/sex/dose
Control animals:
yes, plain diet
Details on study design:
ROUTE RATIONALE:
The oral route of exposure via dietary inclusion was selected because this is a possible route of human exposure during manufacture, handling or use of the test item. The oral route of exposure via dietary inclusion was selected, as effects on the stomach, due to irritating properties of the test item are suspected.

DOSE RATIONALE:
The dose levels were selected based on the results of a 14-day dietary rat study (Test Facility Study No. 20265400), in which Wistar Han rats (5 males and 5 females per dose) were administered 1500, 3500, 5000, 10000 and 15000 ppm TMPTA in the diet. In the 14-day study, at 10000 and 15000 ppm, animals were prematurely euthanized based on excessive toxicity. In addition, at 5000 ppm, body weight and food consumption were clearly affected in both sexes. Also in males treated at 3500 ppm, a lower bodyweight gain and food consumption was observed. Histopathological examination of the stomach showed test item-related findings at 1500 and 3500 ppm consisted of squamous cell hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis in males and females, and ulcerations in the non-glandular stomach of females. Based on the severity of these stomach findings at 3500 ppm, it was expected that at this dose, the stomach findings would become more severe after 90 days of dosing. The stomach findings in animals treated at 1500 ppm were only minimal and the risk of severe toxicity resulting in mortalities was expected to be low. Based on these findings, and in order to select a dose level which could lead to some toxic effect without excessive lethality, 2500 ppm was selected as the high dose concentration and the mid-dose and low-dose levels were set at 900 and 300 ppm.
Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: At least once daily.

ARENA OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: Once before the first administration of the test item and weekly during the treatment.
- Approach: Animals were observed for clinical signs outside the home cage in a standard arena.

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: Once prior to first administration and Weekly; from Week 1 and throughout the study, and on the day of necropsy.

INDIVIDUAL BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule: Days 1, 3, 6, 10, 13, 16 and 19 and starting from Week 4 twice weekly throughout the study.

FOOD CONSUMPTION: Yes
- Time schedule: Over Day 1-3, 3-6, 6-10, 10- 13, 13-16, 16-19, 19-22 and starting from Week 4 twice weekly throughout the study.
- Procedure: Quantitatively measured per cage.

FOOD EFFICIENCY: No

WATER CONSUMPTION: Yes
- Time schedule: Regular basis throughout the study.
- Procedure: Water consumption was monitored by visual inspection of the water bottles.

OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Once during the pretreatment period (all animals, included unused replacement animals); Once during week 13 (group 1 and 4 animals)
- Procedure: The eyes were examined using an ophthalmoscope after application of a mydriatic agent (tropicamide 0.5%).

FUNCTIONAL TESTS: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Once during the dosing period, during Week 12-13. Tests were performed after clinical observations (including arena observation, if applicable).
- Dose groups that were examined: The first 5 animals per sex per group.
- Parameters examined:
• hearing ability, pupillary reflex and static righting reflex (score 0 = normal/present, score 1 = abnormal/absent).
• fore- and hind-limb grip strength (recorded as the mean of three measurements).
• locomotor activity (recording period: 1 hour under normal laboratory light conditions, using a computerized monitoring system). Total movements and ambulations were reported. Ambulations represent movements characterized by a relocation of the entire body position like walking, whereas total movements represent all movements made by the animals, including ambulations but also smaller or finer movements like grooming, weaving or movements of the head.

ESTROUS STAGE DETERMINATION: Yes
- Time schedule: End of Treatment - on the day of necropsy (all surviving animals)
- Procedure: By examining the vaginal cytology of the samples obtained by vaginal smears procedures.

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: On the day of the scheduled necropsy (between 7.00 and 10.30)
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Isoflurane
- Animals fasted: Yes (overnight with a maximum of 24 hours)
- How many animals: All surviving animals.
- Parameters examined: White Blood Cell Count (WBC), Neutrophils (absolute), Lymphocytes (absolute), Monocytes (absolute), Eosinophils (absolute), Basophils (absolute), Large unstained cells (LUC) (absolute), Red Blood Cell Count, Reticulocytes (absolute), Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW), Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), Platelets

COAGULATION: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: On the day of the scheduled necropsy (between 7.00 and 10.30)
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Isoflurane
- Animals fasted: Yes (overnight with a maximum of 24 hours)
- How many animals: All surviving animals.
- Parameters examined: Prothrombin time (PT), Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: On the day of the scheduled necropsy (between 7.00 and 10.30)
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Isoflurane
- Animals fasted: Yes (overnight with a maximum of 24 hours)
- How many animals: All surviving animals.
- Parameters examined: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Total protein, Albumin, Total Bilirubin, Urea, Creatinine, Glucose, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL and LDL Cholesterol, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Calcium, Inorganic Phosphate (Inorg. Phos)

THYROID HORMONES: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: On the day of the scheduled necropsy (between 7.00 and 10.30)
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Isoflurane
- Animals fasted: Yes (overnight with a maximum of 24 hours)
- How many animals: All surviving animals.
- Parameters examined: Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4), Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

URINALYSIS: No
Sacrifice and pathology:
SACRIFICE
- Premature and scheduled euthanasia: Deeply anesthetized using isoflurane and subsequently exsanguinated
- Fasting: yes (overnight with a maximum of 24 hours)

POST-MORTEM EXAMINATIONS: Yes
- Surviving animals: complete necropsy examination, which included evaluation of the carcass and musculoskeletal system; all external surfaces and orifices; cranial cavity and external surfaces of the brain; and thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities with their associated organs and tissues.

ORGAN WEIGHTS: Yes
- Organs according to guideline
- Paired organs weighed together. Organ weight as a percent of body weight (using the terminal body weight) and organ weight as a percent of brain weight were calculated.

HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes
- Organs according to guideline
- Tissues were embedded in paraffin, sectioned, mounted on glass slides, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
Statistics:
The following statistical methods were used to analyze the data:
All statistical tests were conducted at the 5% significance level. All pairwise comparisons were conducted using two sided tests and were reported at the 1% and or 5% levels. The pairwise comparisons are of the exposed groups (Group 2, 3, and 4) against the control group (Group 1).
Analysis were performed (only with 3 or more observations) according to the Parametric/ Non-parametric method for: Body Weight, Body Weight Gains, Hematology Variables, Coagulation Variables, Clinical Chemistry Variables, FOB Quantitative Variables, Organ Weights and Organ Weight relative to Body Weight. The Incidence method was used for FOB Qualitative Variables.
See for more information, section "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables".
Clinical signs:
effects observed, non-treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
The clinical signs noted during the administration period (scabs and skin lesions) occurred within the range of background findings to be expected for rats of this age and strain which are housed and treated under the conditions in this study and did not show any apparent dose-related trend. At the incidence observed, these were considered to be unrelated to the test item.
Mortality:
no mortality observed
Description (incidence):
No mortality occurred during the study period.
Body weight and weight changes:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Body weights and body weight gain of the test item administered animals remained in the same range as controls over the study period.
When compared with controls, a statistically slightly lower body weight gain was seen in males (+4.5 g vs +10.4 g of controls on Days 1-3) and females (+1.7 g vs +5.1g of controls on Day 1-3) at 2500 ppm in the first three days of administration, which recovered thereafter. As this only occurred in the first three days of the study without statistically significant changes on bodyweight, this finding was considered not toxicologically relevant. As the food consumption was also lower for these animals in the first three days, a possible cause for this lower body weight gain might be a slower adaptation to the test item food for these animals .
The other statistically significant changes in body weight gain were minimal increases in body weight gain and/or lacked a dose-related response and were therefore considered to be not test item related.
Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
No effects on food consumption were seen in females up to 2500 ppm.
A slightly lower food consumption was observed in males at 2500 ppm between Days 1-3 and in all test item-treated males between Days 60-67 (at 900 ppm also between Days 57-60), which recovered over time (not statistically significant). As these were only temporary food consumption changes and food consumption was comparable with the control group over the entire administration period, these findings were considered to be not toxicologically relevant.
This temporarily lower food consumption could be caused by the slower adaptation to the test item food in these animals, as it only occurs in the first three days.
Over Days 3-6, food consumption in males at 300, 900 and 2500 ppm were higher when compared to the control group (not statistically significant). This change was caused by low control group values and was therefore not test item-related.
Food efficiency:
not examined
Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
not specified
Ophthalmological findings:
effects observed, non-treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
At day 89, the following findings were noted:
- One Male, Group 1: Retina, Irregular Reflection, Right, 2 Slight, Focal
- One Male, Group 4: Iris, Pers Pup Membrane, Remnant, Left
- One Female, Group 1: Iris, Pers Pup Membrane, Remnant, Left

The nature and incidence of ophthalmology findings noted during the Pre-treatment Period and in Week 13 was similar among the groups and occurred within the range considered normal for rats of this age and strain. The findings in Week 13 were therefore considered to be unrelated to the administration of the test item.
Haematological findings:
effects observed, non-treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
HEMATOLOGY
One female at 2500 ppm had marked platelet clumps. As this was only seen in one animal and lacked any other corroborating findings, this was considered to be not test item related.
Other values in males and females regardless of achieving a level of statistical significance (e.g. white blood cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration), when compared to controls, were considered to have arisen as a result of slightly low control values, occurred in the absence of a dose-related distribution and/or were, given the magnitude of change, considered to be of no toxicological significance.

COAGULATION
A statistical significant shorter prothrombin time was seen in males at 900 ppm (0.94x of control), which lacked a dose-related response and was therefore considered to be not test item-related. Overall, coagulation parameters of treated rats were considered not to have been affected by the test item.
Clinical biochemistry findings:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
No test item-related clinical chemistry changes were noted in males and females up to 900 ppm.
In males, a slight increase in calcium concentration (1.04x) was observed at 2500 ppm statistically significant), which was considered to be test item-related. At the severity observed and in absence of a histopathological correlation, this finding was considered to be not adverse.
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was increased in males at 2500 ppm (1.17x of control, not statistically significant) (No. 37). This high ALT activity was mainly caused by one animal (No. 37; 115 U/L). Without this animal the group mean would be 60 U/L, which is only 1.07x of control, which is considered to be comparable with the control group mean and therefore considered to be not test item related.
Endocrine findings:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Due to a technical error during the measurement of thyroid-stimulation hormone (TSH), only the results of three out of ten females of the control group and four out of ten females at 2500 ppm were available. Therefore, historical control data was also used to determine the toxicological relevance of the result. The mean TSH levels in females at 2500 ppm were higher than the control group but remained well within the historical control range. Therefore, this result was considered to be not toxicologically relevant and not test item related.
Urinalysis findings:
not examined
Behaviour (functional findings):
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
Hearing ability, pupillary reflex and static righting reflex were normal in all examined animals. Grip strength was similar between control and high dose animals.
Immunological findings:
not examined
Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
effects observed, non-treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Slightly higher mean liver weight was noted in males at 2500 ppm that was statistically significant relative to body weight only (mean: 2.36%; relative difference: +6%). Given the small magnitude of the change (within the historical control range - Historical control data for liver weight in males Wistar Han rats (period 2015 - 2020): Liver weight relative to body weight: Mean = 2.32; P5-P95 = 2.120 2.549 (n= 128)) and the lack of histologic correlate, this small difference was interpreted to represent biologic variability or a reflection of the slightly lower body weight ( 5%, not statistically significant) rather than a test item related effect.
Other statistically significant changes (higher ovary absolute and relative to body weight and higher adrenal gland relative to body weight) in females at 900 ppm were considered to be not test item related as they occurred in the absence of a dose-related trend and microscopic correlate.
Gross pathological findings:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
At the end of the administration period test item-related irregular surface was observed in the non-glandular stomach. This was recorded in all males and females at 2500 ppm and correlated with histopathological findings (see respective sections).
The remainder of the recorded macroscopic findings were considered incidental and/or were within the range of background gross observations encountered in rats of this age and strain.
Neuropathological findings:
not examined
Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Test item-related microscopic, non-neoplastic findings were noted in the non-glandular stomach of males and females dosed at 2500 ppm and are summarized in Table 2 of "Any other information on results incl. tables". Some females at 2500 ppm presented findings in the non-glandular stomach including mucosal erosion (4/10, minimal, focal), submucosal edema (6/10, minimal, regionally extensive to diffuse) and submucosal mixed cell infiltrates (7/10, up to mild degree, regionally extensive to diffuse). The combination of these findings at the recorded incidences, severities and distribution are considered non adverse. The recorded alterations in the non-glandular stomach were local test item effects and likely resulted from the slightly irritating properties of the test item.
Non test item-related effects in the non-glandular stomach included, low incidence of mucosal erosion (1/10, minimal, focal) in males and females at 900, and males at 2500 ppm, and submucosal edema (1/10, minimal, diffuse) in males at 2500 ppm. Although these findings did not appear in the concurrent controls, a similar low incidence can be found as background finding in rats of this age and strain, thus these findings were regarded to be unrelated to the test item
Miscellaneous findings:
In one female dosed at 2500 ppm, axonal dystrophy was noted in the medulla oblongata (specifically, in the cuneate and gracile nuclei). This observation was focal and characterized by the presence of numerous spheroids in these nuclei. Axonal dystrophy was also present in the dorsal funiculus of the spinal cord as a few spheroids present at each examined segment (cervical, thoracic and lumbar). Axonal dystrophy at this location is a well described background finding in aged rats (Fujisawa and Shiraki 1978; Kaufmann W, 2012), but also has been reported in rats from sub-chronic (90-day) studies (Eisenbrandt et al., 1990). Given the single incidence in this study, this observation was thus interpreted to be a spontaneous change and not related to the test item.
There were no other test item-related histologic changes. Remaining histologic changes were within the range of background pathology encountered in rats of this age and strain. There was no test item-related alteration in the prevalence, severity, or histologic character of those incidental tissue alterations.
Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
effects observed, treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Squamous cell hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis (mild, diffuse) was observed in all males and females in the 2500 ppm group (see Table 2 of "Any other information on results incl. tables"). This was test-item related. However, the alterations were considered local test item effects and likely resulted from the slightly irritating properties of the test item.
Other effects:
no effects observed
Description (incidence and severity):
ESTROUS CYCLE:
Estrous cycle was unaffected by test substance administration.

MOTOR ACTIVITY:
Motor activity was similar between control and high dose animals. All groups showed a similar motor activity habituation profile with a decreasing trend in activity over the duration of the test period.
Details on results:
The effects described in above sections is further described in tabular forms in the attached testing report (draft version) - see below section
Key result
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Remarks:
General toxicity
Effect level:
2 500 ppm
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other:
Remarks on result:
other: Effect level corresponds to an actual test article intake of 173 and 190 mg/kg body weight/day for males and females, respectively
Key result
Critical effects observed:
no

A final report is attached in the reference. In this, all results, including summary tables of all findings as well as historical data, can be found. 


 


Two relevant tables has been included in this section, Table 1 describing Test Article Intake and Table 2 describing Summary Test Item-Related Microscopic Findings – Stomach


 


CONCENTRATION AND HOMOGENEITY ANALYSIS 


No test item was detected in the control group diet.


The mean accuracies for the concentrations in the formulations of the 300, 900 and 2500 ppm group (Week 1, Week 6 and Week 12 formulations) were between 92% to 100% and therefore in agreement with the target concentrations for suspensions (80% and 120%).


The coefficient of variation for the formulations of the 300 and 2500 ppm group (Week 1, Week 6 and Week 12 formulations) and 900 ppm (week 1 formulation) were between 0.51 and 1.7% and therefore the formulations were considered homogeneous (i.e. coefficient of variation ≤ 10%).


 


STABILITY RESULTS





Stability in rat diet (powder, SM R/M-Z; supplier SSNIFF®) over the concentration range 500 to 15000 ppm was confirmed for at least 3 weeks in the freezer (≤-15°C) and for at least 4 days at room temperature (Test Facility Study No. 20265399 (method development and validation study)). In addition, stability in rat diet (powder, SM R/M-Z; supplier SSNIFF®) at 300 ppm is confirmed for at least 3 weeks in the freezer (≤-15°C) and for at least 4 days at room temperature (Test Facility Study No. 20265399 (method development and validation study)).


 


TEST ARTICLE INTAKE


Table 1: Test Article Intake







































Group



Nominal Dietary Inclusion Level [ppm]



Mean over Means Intake [mg test item/kg body weight]


(mean range indicated within brackets)



Males



Females



2



300



21



(16-33)



22



(17-31)



3



900



64



(47-102)



70



(54-97)



4



2500



173



(127-270)



190



(143-275)



 


MICROSCOPIC PATHOLOGY


Table 2: Summary Test Item-Related Microscopic Findings – Stomach
















































































































































































 



Males



Females



Dose level (ppm)



0



300



900



2500



0



300



900



2500



 



 



 



 



 



 



 



 



 



STOMACH (non-glandular) a



10



10



10



10



10



10



10



10



   Hyperplasia squamous cell



 



 



 



 



 



 



 



 



      Mild



-



-



-



10



-



-



-



10



   Hyperkeratosis



 



 



 



 



 



 



 



 



      Mild



-



-



-



10



-



-



-



10



   Infiltration mixed cell, submucosal



 



 



 



 



 



 



 



 



      Minimal



-



-



-



-



-



-



-



4



      Mild



-



-



-



-



-



-



-



3



    Edema, submucosal



 



 



 



 



 



 



 



 



      Minimal



 



 



 



1



 



 



 



5



      Mild



-



-



-



-



-



-



-



1



    Erosion, mucosal



 



 



 



 



 



 



 



 



      Minimal



-



-



1



1



-



-



1



4



a  =  Number of tissues examined from each group. Bold values indicate a test item-related effect.


 




Conclusions:
Wistar Han rats were administered with 2-ethyl-2-[[(1-oxoallyl)oxy]methyl]-1,3-propanediyl diacrylate (TMPTA) for 90 days by dietary administration at dose levels of 300, 900 and 2500 ppm.
In conclusion, no systemic adverse effects were associated with the administration of 2-ethyl-2-[[(1-oxoallyl)oxy]methyl]-1,3-propanediyl diacrylate by dietary administration for at least 90 days in Wistar Han rats up to dose levels of 2500 ppm in males and females. Test item-related local effects were observed macroscopically and microscopically in the non-glandular stomach at 2500 ppm.
Based on the results obtained in this study, the systemic No Observed Adverse Effect Level for 2-ethyl-2-[[(1-oxoallyl)oxy]methyl]-1,3-propanediyl diacrylate was 2500 ppm (corresponding to an actual test article intake of 173 and 190 mg/kg body weight/day for males and females, respectively).
Executive summary:



A 90-day dietary rat toxicity study was conducted according to OECD/EC guidelines and in accordance with GLP principles. Wistar Han rats were administered with 2-ethyl-2-[[(1-oxoallyl)oxy]methyl]-1,3-propanediyl diacrylate (TMPTA) for 90 days by dietary administration at dose levels of 300, 900 and 2500 ppm. The animals of the control group received the standard rodent diet alone. The dose levels were selected based on the results of a 14-day dietary rat study (Test Facility Study No. 20265400), in which Wistar Han rats (5 males and 5 females per dose) were administered 1500, 3500, 5000, 10000 and 15000 ppm TMPTA in the diet. In the 14-day study, at 10000 and 15000 ppm, animals were prematurely euthanized based on excessive toxicity. In addition, at 5000 ppm, body weight and food consumption were clearly affected in both sexes. Also in males treated at 3500 ppm, a lower bodyweight gain and food consumption was observed. Histopathological examination of the stomach showed test item-related findings at 1500 and 3500 ppm consisted of squamous cell hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis in males and females, and ulcerations in the non-glandular stomach of females. Based on the severity of these stomach findings at 3500 ppm, it was expected that at this dose, the stomach findings would become more severe after 90 days of dosing. The stomach findings in animals treated at 1500 ppm were only minimal and the risk of severe toxicity resulting in mortalities was expected to be low. Based on these findings, and in order to select a dose level which could lead to some toxic effect without excessive lethality, 2500 ppm was selected as the high dose concentration and the mid-dose and low-dose levels were set at 900 and 300 ppm.


 


In the main study dietary analyses conducted in Weeks 1, 6 and 12 confirmed that the formulation of the test item in the diet was prepared accurately and homogenously.





No mortality occurred during the study. No test item-related effects were noted in males and females at 300 and 900 ppm.


At clinical chemistry assessment, a test item-related increase in alanine aminotransferase activity and calcium concentration was observed in males at 2500 ppm. At the low severity observed and in absence of a histopathological correlation, these findings were considered to be not adverse.











At necropsy, test item-related irregular surface was observed in the non-glandular stomach in all males and females at 2500 ppm.


 


Test item-related microscopic findings were present in the non-glandular stomach of all males and females at 2500 ppm. These findings consisted of squamous cell hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis (mild, diffuse). In addition, some females at 2500 ppm presented a few other microscopic findings in the non-glandular stomach including mucosal erosion (4/10, minimal, focal), submucosal edema (6/10, minimal, regionally extensive to diffuse) and submucosal mixed cell infiltrates (7/10, up to mild degree, regionally extensive to diffuse). The recorded alterations in the non-glandular stomach were local test item effects and likely resulting from the irritating properties of the test item.


 


No test item-related changes were noted in the following parameters investigated in this study: mortality, clinical appearance, body weight, food consumption, functional observations, ophthalmoscopy, hematology, coagulation and organ weights).


In conclusion, no systemic adverse effects were associated with the administration of 2-ethyl-2-[[(1-oxoallyl)oxy]methyl]-1,3-propanediyl diacrylate by dietary administration for at least 90 days in Wistar Han rats up to dose levels of 2500 ppm in males and females. Test item-related local effects were observed macroscopically and microscopically in the non-glandular stomach at 2500 ppm.








Based on these results, the systemic No Observed Adverse Effect Level was considered to be at least 2500 ppm (corresponding to an actual test article intake of 173 and 190 mg/kg body weight/day for males and females, respectively). Selecting higher dose levels for this 90-day dietary study was considered to be not justified, based on the toxicity (mortality at 5000 ppm) observed in the 14-day dietary rat study (Test Facility Study No. 20265400) and the local effects observed in glandular stomach.










Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no adverse effect observed
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
173 mg/kg bw/day
Study duration:
subchronic
Species:
rat
Quality of whole database:
High quality study performed according to OECD 408

Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - systemic effects

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no study available

Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - local effects

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no study available

Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - systemic effects

Link to relevant study records
Reference
Endpoint:
short-term repeated dose toxicity: dermal
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
supporting study
Study period:
1978
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient details
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
reference to same study
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
reference to other study
Principles of method if other than guideline:
TMPTA (500 mg/kg bw) was applied to the backs of New Zealand White albino rabbits (5/sex/dose) once daily, 5 days/week for 2 weeks. Six animals per group were sacrificed after 15 days and remaining 4 animals after 30 days. Animals were monitored for the clinical signs and mortality, body weight gains, dermal reactions, gross pathology and histopathology.
GLP compliance:
not specified
Limit test:
yes
Species:
rabbit
Strain:
New Zealand White
Sex:
male/female
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Marland Breeding Farms, Inc. Hewitt, New Jersey
- Weight at study initiation: Male-2.5 (2.3 - 3.0) kg; Female-2.5 (2.2 - 2.9) kg
- Housing: Individually housed in suspended stainless steel cage
- Diet: Purina rabbit chow, ad libitum
- Water: Ad libitum
- Acclimation period: At least one week

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 12 h light/ 12 h dark
Type of coverage:
open
Vehicle:
unchanged (no vehicle)
Details on exposure:
TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: Back
- Time intervals for shavings or clippings: Clipping was repeated as necessary throughout the study

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 500 mg/kg bw
- Constant volume or concentration used: Yes

USE OF RESTRAINERS FOR PREVENTING INGESTION: Yes
Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
no
Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
Not applicable
Duration of treatment / exposure:
Two weeks
Frequency of treatment:
Daily, five days/week for two weeks
Remarks:
Doses / Concentrations:
500 mg/kg bw/day
Basis:
nominal per unit body weight
No. of animals per sex per dose:
Five
Control animals:
yes, concurrent no treatment
Details on study design:
- Rationale for animal assignment: Random
Positive control:
None
Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes

DERMAL IRRITATION (if dermal study): Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Daily

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Pretest, weekly during treatment and terminally


Sacrifice and pathology:
GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes
Other examinations:
None
Statistics:
None
Clinical signs:
effects observed, treatment-related
Dermal irritation:
effects observed, treatment-related
Mortality:
mortality observed, treatment-related
Body weight and weight changes:
effects observed, treatment-related
Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
not examined
Food efficiency:
not examined
Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
not examined
Ophthalmological findings:
not examined
Haematological findings:
not examined
Clinical biochemistry findings:
not examined
Urinalysis findings:
not examined
Behaviour (functional findings):
not examined
Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
not examined
Gross pathological findings:
effects observed, treatment-related
Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
effects observed, treatment-related
Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
not examined
Details on results:
CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY:
- Decreased motor activity and nasal discharge during the study
- The ears of some animals came in contact with the test material and subsequently exhibited edema and scab formation

BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN: Four animals (2 males and 2 females) exhibited slight weight losses

DERMAL IRRITATION:
- Animals exhibited severe erythema with desquamation, necrotic skin and eschar formation
- Exfoliation (sloughing of the eschar tissue) occurred during the second week of the post-dose period
- Fissuring of the skin and slight to moderate edema and atonia were also noted in most animals during the 2 week treatment period; these signs decreased in incidence and severity during the post-dose period

HISTOPATHOLOGY:
Observation in animals sacrificed after two weeks:
- No evidence of a systemic effect
- Severe necrosis of the epithelium and upper dermis

Observation in animals sacrificed after four weeks:
- No evidence of a systemic effect
- Epithelial and subepithelial dermal necrosis persisted two weeks after termination of treatment



Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Remarks:
sytemic
Effect level:
> 500 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other: mortality; body weight; dermal reactions; gross pathology and histopathology
Critical effects observed:
not specified

None

Conclusions:
A systemic NOAEL for trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) was considered to be 500 mg/kg bw. A LOAEL of 500 mg/kg bw/day can be set for local effects.
Executive summary:

A repeated dermal toxicity study was performed to assess the dermal irritation caused by trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) in New Zealand White rabbits.

 

Groups of New Zealand White rabbits (5/sex/dose) received topical application of TMPTA (500 mg/kg bw) to the back, once daily, 5 days/week for 2 weeks. Six animals per group were sacrificed after 15 days and remaining 4 animals per group after 30 days.

 

Signs of severe dermal irritation observed in rabbits treated with TMPTA. Animals exhibited severe erythema with necrotic skin and eschar formation, edema, atonia, fissuring of the skin, desquamation and exfoliation of eschar tissue. Signs of severe irritation persisted in most animals throughout the post-treatment period. Motor activity decreased and nasal discharge occurred in several animals in the treated group, few animals exhibited slight body weight losses.

 

Microscopic examination of selected tissues revealed no evidence of systemic toxicity resulting from administration of TMPTA. Evaluation of treated skin revealed severe necrosis of the epithelium and upper dermis (after 15 days) and epithelial and subepithelial dermal necrosis (after 30 days).

 

In conclusion, as no systemic substance related effects were observed the systemic NOAEL of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) was considered to be > 500 mg/kg bw.

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
no adverse effect observed
Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
500 mg/kg bw/day
Study duration:
subacute
Species:
rabbit
Quality of whole database:
Only supportive evidence

Repeated dose toxicity: dermal - local effects

Link to relevant study records
Reference
Endpoint:
short-term repeated dose toxicity: dermal
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
supporting study
Study period:
1978
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient details
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
reference to same study
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
reference to other study
Principles of method if other than guideline:
TMPTA (500 mg/kg bw) was applied to the backs of New Zealand White albino rabbits (5/sex/dose) once daily, 5 days/week for 2 weeks. Six animals per group were sacrificed after 15 days and remaining 4 animals after 30 days. Animals were monitored for the clinical signs and mortality, body weight gains, dermal reactions, gross pathology and histopathology.
GLP compliance:
not specified
Limit test:
yes
Species:
rabbit
Strain:
New Zealand White
Sex:
male/female
Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Marland Breeding Farms, Inc. Hewitt, New Jersey
- Weight at study initiation: Male-2.5 (2.3 - 3.0) kg; Female-2.5 (2.2 - 2.9) kg
- Housing: Individually housed in suspended stainless steel cage
- Diet: Purina rabbit chow, ad libitum
- Water: Ad libitum
- Acclimation period: At least one week

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 12 h light/ 12 h dark
Type of coverage:
open
Vehicle:
unchanged (no vehicle)
Details on exposure:
TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: Back
- Time intervals for shavings or clippings: Clipping was repeated as necessary throughout the study

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 500 mg/kg bw
- Constant volume or concentration used: Yes

USE OF RESTRAINERS FOR PREVENTING INGESTION: Yes
Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
no
Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
Not applicable
Duration of treatment / exposure:
Two weeks
Frequency of treatment:
Daily, five days/week for two weeks
Remarks:
Doses / Concentrations:
500 mg/kg bw/day
Basis:
nominal per unit body weight
No. of animals per sex per dose:
Five
Control animals:
yes, concurrent no treatment
Details on study design:
- Rationale for animal assignment: Random
Positive control:
None
Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes

DERMAL IRRITATION (if dermal study): Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Daily

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Pretest, weekly during treatment and terminally


Sacrifice and pathology:
GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes
Other examinations:
None
Statistics:
None
Clinical signs:
effects observed, treatment-related
Dermal irritation:
effects observed, treatment-related
Mortality:
mortality observed, treatment-related
Body weight and weight changes:
effects observed, treatment-related
Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
not examined
Food efficiency:
not examined
Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
not examined
Ophthalmological findings:
not examined
Haematological findings:
not examined
Clinical biochemistry findings:
not examined
Urinalysis findings:
not examined
Behaviour (functional findings):
not examined
Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
not examined
Gross pathological findings:
effects observed, treatment-related
Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
effects observed, treatment-related
Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
not examined
Details on results:
CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY:
- Decreased motor activity and nasal discharge during the study
- The ears of some animals came in contact with the test material and subsequently exhibited edema and scab formation

BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN: Four animals (2 males and 2 females) exhibited slight weight losses

DERMAL IRRITATION:
- Animals exhibited severe erythema with desquamation, necrotic skin and eschar formation
- Exfoliation (sloughing of the eschar tissue) occurred during the second week of the post-dose period
- Fissuring of the skin and slight to moderate edema and atonia were also noted in most animals during the 2 week treatment period; these signs decreased in incidence and severity during the post-dose period

HISTOPATHOLOGY:
Observation in animals sacrificed after two weeks:
- No evidence of a systemic effect
- Severe necrosis of the epithelium and upper dermis

Observation in animals sacrificed after four weeks:
- No evidence of a systemic effect
- Epithelial and subepithelial dermal necrosis persisted two weeks after termination of treatment



Dose descriptor:
NOAEL
Remarks:
sytemic
Effect level:
> 500 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
Based on:
test mat.
Sex:
male/female
Basis for effect level:
other: mortality; body weight; dermal reactions; gross pathology and histopathology
Critical effects observed:
not specified

None

Conclusions:
A systemic NOAEL for trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) was considered to be 500 mg/kg bw. A LOAEL of 500 mg/kg bw/day can be set for local effects.
Executive summary:

A repeated dermal toxicity study was performed to assess the dermal irritation caused by trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) in New Zealand White rabbits.

 

Groups of New Zealand White rabbits (5/sex/dose) received topical application of TMPTA (500 mg/kg bw) to the back, once daily, 5 days/week for 2 weeks. Six animals per group were sacrificed after 15 days and remaining 4 animals per group after 30 days.

 

Signs of severe dermal irritation observed in rabbits treated with TMPTA. Animals exhibited severe erythema with necrotic skin and eschar formation, edema, atonia, fissuring of the skin, desquamation and exfoliation of eschar tissue. Signs of severe irritation persisted in most animals throughout the post-treatment period. Motor activity decreased and nasal discharge occurred in several animals in the treated group, few animals exhibited slight body weight losses.

 

Microscopic examination of selected tissues revealed no evidence of systemic toxicity resulting from administration of TMPTA. Evaluation of treated skin revealed severe necrosis of the epithelium and upper dermis (after 15 days) and epithelial and subepithelial dermal necrosis (after 30 days).

 

In conclusion, as no systemic substance related effects were observed the systemic NOAEL of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) was considered to be > 500 mg/kg bw.

Endpoint conclusion
Endpoint conclusion:
adverse effect observed
Dose descriptor:
LOAEL
Species:
rabbit
Quality of whole database:
Only supportive evidence

Additional information

Justification for classification or non-classification

No systemic toxicity was observed for TMPTA in an OECD 408 study at the highest dose level of 173 mg/kg bw/day in rats for 90 days repeated oral (diet) administration. Further, no systemic toxicity was observed for TMPTA in an OECD 422 study at the highest dose level of 300 mg/kg bw/day in rats for 28 days repeated oral administration. No classification for target organ toxicity upon repeated exposure is required based on the available data according to the Regulation EC 1272/2008.


 


Classification for specific target organ toxicity or danger at repeated or prolonged exposure:


CLP: no additional classification