2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2012

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP guideline study without restrictions

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

The test concentration was prepared by weighing 100.1 mg of the test item and transferring it into a glass flask by multiple washing. It was filled up to 1001.0 mL of test medium. The mixture was ultrasonicated for 15 min at 40°C and then shaken at room temperature for 24 h. After mixing the control and the test concentration was filtered through a conditioned nitrocellulose membranes filter. The filtrate was the Water Accomodated Fraction (WAF) used for exposure.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Source: Standard laboratory culture maintained in the Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Branch Pszczyna, Department of Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): < 24 hours
- Method of breeding: Daphnia magna was cultured in glass beakers of 150 mL volume (one parent per vessel) at room temperature 18 – 22 deg. C with the light : dark ratio of 16 h : 8 h. The culture was maintained in Elendt M7 medium.
- Feeding during test: none

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): yes
- Type and amount of food: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata algae suspension. Group B vitamins and micronutrients necessary for proper growth were supplied with lyophilized Spirulina sp. suspension.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: glass beakers
- Type (delete if not applicable): covered with transparent lids in order to minimize evaporation and to prevent accidental contamination
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 150 mL
- Aeration: none
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 8
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 8

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: none
- Photoperiod: 16:8 light:dark

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

potassium dichromate

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: The test was conducted without analytical monitoring of the test concentrations, since the water solubility of the test substance was below the analytical limit of detection. A saturated solution at a loading rate of 100 mg/L was prepared.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: public literature, limited details on experimental conditions

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

- stock solutions were prepared with tetrahydrofuran (THF not in excess of 0.01% (v/v) in the final exposure solution

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia pulex

Details on test organisms:

Daphnia Pulex: collected from ShinikePond (Ehime, Japan), and single individual was isolated for clone culture.
Single-clone population was cultured at 19-21°C at pH 7-7.5.
Aged tap water was used as culture medium.
Established population was maintained for more than 3 months before the experiment.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Nominal and measured concentrations:

0.1., 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10mg/l

Details on test conditions:

Toxicity testwas conducted under the same condition as for the clone culture.
photoperiod: 16h light, 8h dark
20 neonates (age<24h) were placed in 30ml glass beaker containing 25ml of the test solution for each concentration and control.
Test organisms were not fed during the testing period. 3 replicates were tested.

Observation: afer 24h, 48h

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 10 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Basis for effect:

not specified

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 10 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Basis for effect:

not specified

Description of key information

With high probability acutely not harmful to aquatic invertebrates. No toxic effects occurred in the range of water solubility. 

Additional information

The key study from the Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry Branch Pszczyna (2012) is a static toxicity study. In this test young Daphnia magna individuals (< 24 h old) were exposed to the test item for 48 hours. A nominal concentration of 100 mg/L WAF (water accomodated fraction) was applied as a limit test. The EC50 causing 50% immobilization of the Daphnia magna population during 48 hours exposure is higher than 100.0 mg/L WAF. No toxicity was observed up to the solubility limit of the test substance in the test medium under the test conditions.

Additionally published data on acute Daphnia toxicity are available. Vehicle was used. Limited details on the experimental conditions were given. However, the EC50 48h was above the highest tested concentration of 10 mg/L (nominal).

A non-GLP guideline study according to OECD 202 (1989) was disregarded since the exposure time was only 24 instead of 48h. Moreover, the preparation of the test substances was conducted with a solubilizer.

In conclusion, the substance is regarded as acutely not toxic to aquatic invertebrates. No toxic effects could be recorded in the range of water solubility.