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Environmental fate & pathways

Biodegradation in water: screening tests

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Reference
Endpoint:
biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
8 June - 6 July 2017
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Remarks:
Ministerium für Arbeit, Integration und Soziales des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Düsseldorf, Germany
Oxygen conditions:
aerobic
Inoculum or test system:
activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
Details on inoculum:
- Source of inoculum/activated sludge: Fresh samples of activated sludge were withdrawn from the sewage treatment plant Ruhrverband Kläranlage,Schmallenberg, Germany, which is mainly fed with municipal wastewater.
- Pretreatment: The samples were not washed with mineral medium after the arrival at the laboratory but kept aerobic until use. The sludge was left for settlement for ca. one hour. Subsequently the supernatant was discarded and the concentration of suspended solids was measured in the remaining sludge.
- Concentration of sludge: The concentration was adjusted to 4.8 g/L and verified by dry mass measurement. The concentration used in the test was 29.6 mg dry mass/liter (7.4 mg dry mass/250 ml).
- Water filtered: no
Duration of test (contact time):
28 d
Initial conc.:
100 mg/L
Based on:
test mat.
Remarks:
Suspension A
Initial conc.:
248 mg/L
Based on:
ThOD
Remarks:
Suspension A
Initial conc.:
28 mg/L
Based on:
test mat.
Remarks:
Suspension B
Initial conc.:
69 mg/L
Based on:
ThOD
Remarks:
Suspension B
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
O2 consumption
Details on study design:
TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: Mineral stock solution (a): KH2PO4: 8.50 g/L; K2HPO4: 21.75g/L; Na2HPO4: 26.64 g/L; NH4CI: 0.50 g/L; pH 7.4 +/- 0.2; (b) CaCl2x 2 H2O: 36.40 g/L; (c): MgSO4 X 7 H2O: 22.50 g/L; (d) FeCl3 x 6 H2O: 0.25 g/L
The mineral medium applied in the test contained 10 ml/L of mineral stock solution (a) and 1 ml/L of the mineral stock solution (b)-(d), respectively.
- Test temperature: 22 °C ± 1 °C
- pH: 7.4 ± 0.2
- pH adjusted: yes
- Aeration of dilution water: yes
- Continuous darkness: yes

TEST SYSTEM
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2
- Measuring equipment: The measurement and recording of the oxygen demand was carried out continuously using a SAPROMAT respirometer (VOITH Inc.).
- Test performed in closed 500 mL glass vessels.
- Details of trap for CO2 and volatile organics if used: Evolved carbon dioxide is absorbed in a suitable absorbent.

SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: Cumulated consumption (mg O2/L) was measured at each day in the 28 day incubation period.
- Sampling method: The measurement and recording of the oxygen demand was carried out continuously using a SAPROMAT respirometer (VOITH Inc.).

CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: The blank control consists of inoculated mineral medium only.
- Abiotic sterile control: An abiotic control containing test item at 100 mg per litre mineral test medium (25 mg/250 ml) and a sterilizing agent (10 ml NaN3 (100 g/l) per liter) was applied.
- Toxicity control: A toxicity control containing test item at 100 mg per liter and reference item at 100 mg per liter mineral test medium (25 mg test item/250 ml and 25 mg reference item/250 ml) was applied.
Reference substance:
benzoic acid, sodium salt
Remarks:
100 mg per liter mineral test medium
Parameter:
% degradation (O2 consumption)
Value:
84.4
St. dev.:
1.4
Sampling time:
28 d
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Suspension A
Parameter:
% degradation (O2 consumption)
Value:
69.8
St. dev.:
3.1
Sampling time:
28 d
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Suspension B
Parameter:
% degradation (O2 consumption)
Value:
70.1
St. dev.:
1.4
Sampling time:
14 d
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Suspension A
Parameter:
% degradation (O2 consumption)
Value:
72.7
St. dev.:
4.1
Sampling time:
14 d
Remarks on result:
other:
Remarks:
Suspension B
Details on results:
According to the OECO guideline 301 F, the test item can be considered readily biodegradable.

The biodegradation of the item mixture in the toxicity control was found to be 67 % after 14 days of incubation. Thus, the demanded threshold value of 25 % is exceeded and the test item can be identified as non-toxic in a ready biodegradability test.
Results with reference substance:
The reference item sodium benzoate was degraded to 86 % within the first 14 days.
Interpretation of results:
readily biodegradable

Description of key information

suspension A (100 mg/L initial test item concentration): 84 % after 28 days (OECD 301F); readily biodegradable according to OECD criteria

suspension B (28 mg/L initial test item concentration): 70 % after 28 days (OECD 301F); readily biodegradable according to OECD criteria

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Biodegradation in water:
readily biodegradable

Additional information

The study with Castor oil, ester with glycerol (CAS 68459-67-6) was performed according to OECD 301F (GLP) under aerobic conditions using microorganisms from a digester of a sewage treatment plant mainly fed with municipal wastewater. Suspensions with two different test item concentrations (Suspension A: 100 mg/L and Suspension B: 28 mg/L) were prepared. A biodegradation rate of 84 +/- 1.4 % after 28 days was observed for suspension A and 70 +/- 3.1 % after 28 days for suspension B. Both suspensions met the 10-day-window (>60 % degradation). The substance can therefore be considered readily biodegradable according to OECD criteria.