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Environmental fate & pathways

Biodegradation in soil

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Reference
Endpoint:
biodegradation in soil: simulation testing
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
25-01-2008 to 21-06-2008
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 307 (Aerobic and Anaerobic Transformation in Soil)
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes
Test type:
laboratory
Specific details on test material used for the study:
SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: 00512242
- Purity: 100.3%
- Expiry date: 27/06/2013
Radiolabelling:
no
Oxygen conditions:
aerobic
Soil classification:
USDA (US Department of Agriculture)
Soil no.:
#1
Soil type:
sandy loam
% Clay:
6.31
% Silt:
22.34
% Sand:
71.35
% Org. C:
0.89
pH:
7.58
CEC:
7.77 meq/100 g soil d.w.
Soil no.:
#2
Soil type:
silt loam
% Clay:
10.65
% Silt:
58.25
% Sand:
31.1
% Org. C:
1.72
pH:
7.43
CEC:
15.14 meq/100 g soil d.w.
Soil no.:
#3
Soil type:
silt loam
% Clay:
20.3
% Silt:
59.1
% Sand:
20.6
% Org. C:
1.59
pH:
6.67
CEC:
20.61 meq/100 g soil d.w.
Details on soil characteristics:
SOIL COLLECTION AND STORAGE
Switzerland, latitude 46° 20’ N, longitude 6° 53’ E) in January 2008.
Soil II (Pappelacker) was freshly sampled from an agricultural area in Vouvry (Les Barges, Wallis, Switzerland, latitude 46° 20’ N, longitude 6° 53’ E) in January 2008.
Soil III (Fislis) was freshly sampled from an agricultural area in Fislis (Alsace, France, latitude 47° 30’ N, longitude 7° 21’ E) in January 2008

PROPERTIES OF THE SOILS (in addition to defined fields)
- Moisture at 1/3 atm (%): soil samples were weighed and, where necessary, adjusted to pF 2.0 to 2.5 with water (20.9, 26.2 and 24.6 g water per 100g dry soilweight for soils Gartenacker, Pappelacker and Fislis, respectively) and followed by mixing.
Water content (g water/100 g soil)
at pF 1.0 (MWHC): 42.51; 63.69; 56.30
at pF 2.0: 29.77; 43.21; 35.53
at pF 2.5: 14.06; 36.22; 29.62
Soil No.:
#1
Duration:
43 d
Soil No.:
#2
Duration:
43 d
Soil No.:
#3
Duration:
120 d
Soil No.:
#1
Initial conc.:
0.198 mg/kg soil d.w.
Based on:
test mat.
Soil No.:
#2
Initial conc.:
0.198 mg/kg soil d.w.
Based on:
test mat.
Soil No.:
#3
Initial conc.:
0.198 mg/kg soil d.w.
Based on:
test mat.
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
test mat. analysis
Details on experimental conditions:
1. PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTS:
Before use, the moisture content of each soil was determined and adjusted with purified water to pF 2.0 to 2.5. The microbial biomass was then determined according to Anderson and Domsch [2] on sieved soil aliquots.

2. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
- Soil preincubation conditions (duration, temperature if applicable): Soil samples consisting of about 100 g dry weight, adjusted to their appropriate moisture content, were incubated under aerobic conditions in all-glass metabolism flasks (inner diameter: about 10.6 cm, volume: about 1 litre) in the dark at 20 ± 2 °C.
- Soil condition: air dried
- Soil (g/replicate):
- Control conditions, if used (present differences from other treatments, i.e., sterile/non-sterile, experimental conditions): The soil samples were incubated in an air-conditioned room in the dark at a temparture of 20±2°C. The experiment was performed in an open gas-flow system an all sample were ventilated with moistened air.
- No. of replication treatments: 2
- Test apparatus (Type/material/volume): open gas-flow system
- If no traps were used, is the system closed/open: open

Test material application
- Volume of test solution used/treatment: aliquots of 100 g dry soil, sieved to 2 mm were treated with the test item as follows: 250 µl of the application solution was added to each soil sample by means of a Hamilton syringe. Thereafter the soil was mixed by swirling the flask and the samples incubated at 20°C ± 2 in the dark. The volume applied to the samples containe a mean amount of 19.76 µg T000824.
- Application method (e.g. applied on surface, homogeneous mixing etc.):

Any indication of the test material adsorbing to the walls of the test apparatus: not reported

Experimental conditions (in addition to defined fields)
- Moisture maintenance method: The moisture content of the soil samples was controlled five times during the study
- Continuous darkness: Yes

5. SAMPLING DETAILS
- Sampling intervals: Duplicate samples were taken on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 33 and 43 for all three soils. Additional samples for soil III were taken on days 60 and 120.
- Sampling method for soil samples: All soil samples were exhaustively extracted with acetonitrile/water (4/1 v/v).
> Moisture content: pF 2.0 to 2.5
Soil No.:
#1
% Degr.:
7.8
Parameter:
test mat. analysis
Sampling time:
43 d
Soil No.:
#2
% Degr.:
3
Parameter:
test mat. analysis
Sampling time:
43 d
Soil No.:
#3
% Degr.:
27.3
Parameter:
test mat. analysis
Sampling time:
43 d
Soil No.:
#1
DT50:
6.9 d
Type:
(pseudo-)first order (= half-life)
Temp.:
20 °C
Soil No.:
#2
DT50:
6.6 d
Type:
(pseudo-)first order (= half-life)
Temp.:
20 °C
Soil No.:
#3
DT50:
22.8 d
Type:
(pseudo-)first order (= half-life)
Temp.:
20 °C
Transformation products:
not specified
Evaporation of parent compound:
not measured
Volatile metabolites:
not measured
Residues:
not measured
Conclusions:
Degradation of T000824 was investigated in three different soils under aerobic conditions at 20°C in dark. The test substance steadily degraded in all three soils, from initial mean amounts of 93.1% to 100.1% to mean levels of 7.8%, 3.0% and 27.3% of applied in soils I to III, respectively, after 43 days of incubation. In soil III the test item was further slowly degraded to 14.0% after 120 days of incubation. T000824 degraded in all three soils with DT 50 values of 6.9, 6.6 and 22.8 days respectively.

Description of key information

The degradation of T000824 was investigated in three different soils: soil I (Gartenacker, Sandy loam), soil II (Pappelacker, Silt loam) and soil III (Fislis, Silt loam) under aerobic conditions at 20 °C in the dark.

T000824 continuously degraded in all three soils with DT50 values of 6.9, 6.6 and 22.8 days in soils I, II and III, respectively. The average DT50 value of 12.1 days was considered as key value for the safety assessment.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Half-life in soil:
12.1 d
at the temperature of:
20 °C

Additional information