Vanadium, oxalate complexes

Endpoint summary

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Acute toxicity: via oral route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: oral

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1989-03-16 to 1989-03-30

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity)

Version / remarks:

adopted 1987-02-24

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test type:

standard acute method

Limit test:

no

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS - SPF-quality, randomly bred
- Source: Charles River Wiga GmbH, Sulzfeld, FRG
- Age at study initiation: 7 weeks old at start of study
- Weight at study initiation: males: 234 - 286 g; females: 157 - 192 g
- Fasting period before study: animals were fasted overnight (prior to dosing) until approximately 4 hours after administration of the test substance
- Housing: At least five days prior to dosing (acclimatization period) the animals were housed five per sex to a cage, in polycarbonate cages containing purified sawdust (Woody Clean supplied by Broekman Institute, Someren, The Netherlands) as bedding material.
- Diet (ad libitum): a standard pelleted laboratory animal diet (RMH-B, pellet diameter 10 mm, Hope Farms, Woerden, The Netherlands)
- Water (ad libitum): tap-water
- Acclimation period: at least five days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature: 18 - 20°C
- Relative humidity: 40 - 70%
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on oral exposure:

MAXIMUM DOSE VOLUME APPLIED: 0.43 mL/kg bw (dose level: 500 mg/kg bw), 0.87 mL/kg bw (dose level: 1000 mg/kg bw) and 1.74 mL/kg bw (dose level: 2000 mg/kg bw)

Doses:

500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg bw corresponding to 0.43, 0.87 and 1.74 mL/kg calculated as follows: dose levels (g/kg) divided by specific gravity (1.1518 g/mL)

No. of animals per sex per dose:

5 males / 5 females

Control animals:

no

Details on study design:

- Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: clinical observations were performed on the day of dosing (approximately 20 minutes, 2 and 3.45 hours after dosing) and once daily thereafter for 14 days.
Individual bodyweights were measured on day 1 (day of dosing), 9 (instead of day 8) and 15.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes, at the end of the study (day 15) all animals were anaesthetised by CO2/O2 inhalation, subsequently killed by CO2 and subjected to necropsy.

Statistics:

95% confidence interval calculated with U-distribution. Confidence validity check (i.e. if G < 1, 95% confidence interval valid according to Finney).

Sex:

male

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

1 146 mg/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

95% CL:

922 - 1 802

Sex:

female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

914 mg/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

95% CL:

762 - 1 446

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

1 015 mg/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

95% CL:

869 - 1 340

Mortality:

500 mg/kg bw: no mortality
1000 mg/kg bw: 4 animals
2000 mg/kg bw: 10 animals
These deaths all occurred within 8 days of dosing.

Clinical signs:

other: Lethargy and piloerection were noted among animals from the groups dosed at 2000 and 1000 mg/kg bw. A wet anal region/diarrhoea were seen among animals dosed at 2000 mg/kg bw and bloody nose encrustation and emaciation were noted for one animal dosed at 1

Gross pathology:

Macroscopic examination at necropsy, of animals dosed at 2000 or 1000 mg/kg bw that were found dead, revealed abnormalities which included haemorrhaging or red colouration of the glandular stomach or limiting ridge, enlargement of the stomach, diarrhoea/dirty anus, blood around the eye and/or nose and petechiae or haemorrhages in the thymus.
Macroscopic post mortem examination of surviving animals at termination did not reveal any treatment related abnormalities.

Interpretation of results:

Toxicity Category IV

Remarks:

Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU

Conclusions:

For the tested aqueous solution of 17% VO(C2O4), the following toxicity endpoints were derived:
LD50 (male rats): 1146 mg/kg bw (95% CL: 922 - 1802)
LD50 (female rats): 914 mg/kg bw (95% CL: 762 - 1446)
LD50 (male and female rats): 1015 mg/kg bw (95% CL: 869 - 1340)

The following toxicity endpoints can be estimated for an aqueous solution of 22.5% VO(C2O4):
LD50 (male rats): 866 mg/kg bw
LD50 (female rats): 691mg/kg bw
LD50 (male and female rats): 767 mg/kg bw

Thus, 17-22.5 % aqueous solutions of vanadium, oxalate complexes are classified harmful if swallowed (Directive 67/548/EEC) and meet according to EC-Regulation 1272/2008 and subsequent regulations criteria for Acute toxicity Category 4 (H302).

The following toxicity endpoints can be estimated for anhydrous VO(C2O4):
LD50 (male rats): 195 mg/kg bw
LD50 (female rats): 155 mg/kg bw
LD50 (male and female rats): 173 mg/kg bw

Vanadium, oxalate complexes (anhydrous) is classified toxic if swallowed (Directive 67/548/EEC) and meets according to EC-Regulation 1272/2008 and subsequent regulations criteria for Acute toxicity Category 3 (H301).

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Value:

173 mg/kg bw

Quality of whole database:

The oral toxicity study was conducted with a 17% VO(C2O4) solution. The LD50 was extrapolated to vanadium, oxalate complexes anhydrous.

Acute toxicity: via inhalation route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: inhalation

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

other:

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Acute toxicity: via dermal route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: dermal

Data waiving:

other justification

Justification for data waiving:

other:

Clinical signs:

other:

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

Justification for selection of acute toxicity – inhalation endpoint

Testing for acute toxicity of vanadium, oxalate complexes via the inhalation route is not required since vanadium, oxalate complexes is only manufactured and marked as aqueous solution and exposure of humans via the inhalation route is not likely (Annex VII section 8.5.2 Column 2 of regulation 1907/2006).

Justification for selection of acute toxicity – dermal endpoint

Dermal absorption in the range of maximally 0.1-1.0 % can be anticipated and is not considered to be “significant”. Therefore, testing for acute toxicity of vanadium, oxalate complexes via the dermal route is not required according the criteria laid down in Annex VIII, point 8.5 of Regulation No 1907/2006.

Justification for classification or non-classification

The available information indicates that vanadium, oxalate complexes (anhydrous) is acutely toxic via the oral route (LD50 < 300 mg/kg bw.). Therefore, classification of vanadium, oxalate complexes for acute toxicity is required according to Directive67/548/EEC and Regulation (EC) 1272/2008.

Vanadium, oxalate complexes (anhydrous) should be classified as "Acute Tox. 3 and labelled with H301: Toxic if swallowed; in accordance with Regulation (EC) 1272/2008.

Specific target organ toxicant (STOT) – single exposure

The classification criteria according to Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 as specific target organ toxicant (STOT) – single exposure, oral, inhalation, or dermal are not met since adverse health effects, including reversible and irreversible, were not observed immediately or delayed after exposure except the effects that lead to animal death at concentrations relevant for C&L as acute toxic via oral route.