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Environmental fate & pathways

Biodegradation in water: screening tests

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Description of key information

The substance is not readily biodegradable, according to OECD criteria.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Biodegradation in water:
not biodegradable
Type of water:
freshwater

Additional information

Parent compound:

Experimental data for assessment of the biodegradability potential of the 1,4-dioxane (CAS 123-91-1) are available. An enhanced ready biodegradability test according to OECD 301B, conducted with non-adapted, domestic activated sludge as inoculum is available as a key study for the substance (BASF SE, 2010). In this GLP study the substance was determined to be not readily biodegradable (2% CO2 evolution, BASF SE, rep. no.: 27G0155/06G011, 2010).

Additionally, a supporting study conducted according to OECD 301F (Manometric Respirometry Test) is also available for 1,4-dioxane. This non-GLP test indicated less than 10 % biodegradation for the substance with non-adapted domestic sludge (BASF, 1996).

Moreover, in a Zahn-Wellens test with industrial activated sludge the substance was determined to be not inherently biodegradable (40% DOC removal after 10 days, BASF AG, 1979).

Furthermore, a biological impact on the degradation of 1,4-dioxane in riverwater was studied in a publication (Kim et al.,2007). River water samples were taken from four different points along the Nakdong river in Korea. The degradation of the test substance was ca. 5% after 25 gays (based on the test material analysis).

In addition, the ready biodegradability was assessed using the QSAR models Cataogic OECD 301C v11.15 The substance was within the applicability domain of the model. The substance was predicted to be not readily biodegradable.

- CATALOGIC Kinetic OECD 301C v.11.15: 1% in 28 d, not readily biodegradable

Therefore, based on the available experimental and estimated data, the substance is evaluated to be not readily biodegradable according to OECD criteria.

 

Metabolites:

CATALOGIC 301C v11.15 (OASIS Catalogic v5.13.1) predicted for the parent compound 8 metabolites, identifying no metabolites as relevant degradation products in terms of PBT/vPvB assessment, with an estimated quantity of ≥ 0.1% (for details see ‘Attached background material’ of the respective Endpoint Study Record).

Moreover, all predicted metabolites were calculated to be readily biodegradable (≥ 60% after 28 days, based on BOD). In conclusion, there is no predicted metabolites present in a concentration of ≥ 0.1% (equivalent to >=0.001 mol/mol parent), moreover all predicted metabolites are estimated to be readily biodegradable.

 

Table 1. The predicted metabolites from the CATALOGIC 301C v11.15 estimation model.

The predicted metabolites for the subtance from the CATALOGIC 301C v11.15 estimation

model

#

Smiles

Quantity [mol/mol parent]

log Kow

BOD (%)

Parent

C1COCCO1 (CAS 123-91-1)

0.991

-0.32

1

2

OC1COCCO1

8.987E-008

-1.86

99

3

OCCOCC=O

8.986E-008

-1.91

99

4

OCCOCC(O)=O

8.986E-008

-1.65

99

5

OC(=O)COCC=O

8.986E-008

-1.67

99

6

OC(=O)COCC(O)=O

8.98E-005

-2.01

99

7

OC(=O)C=O

1.779E-007

-1.4

100

11

OCC(O)=O

8.896E-008

-1.1

100

8

OC(=O)C(O)=O

1.779E-007

-1.7

100

(metabolite no: according to (Q)SAR model CATALOGIC 301C v11.15 – July 2018 (OASIS CATALOGIC v5.13.1.156))