1-(2,4-dimethylphenylazo)-2-naphthol

Endpoint summary

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Effects on fertility

Description of key information

Toxicity to reproduction:

Reproductive toxicity study was performed to evaluate the reproductive effects of the test substance on the test animals. When the test animal is exposed orally (gavage)to the test substance Sudan II for 20 weeks at a dose conc. of 200 and400 mg/kg bw/day,No adverse effects were observed at a dose level of 200 mg/kg bw/day. Testicular changes are observed in animals receiving the higher concentrations i.e; 400 mg/kg bw/day. A significant decline in blood haemoglobin values was found in all groups of both sexes at the dose level of both 200 and 400 mg/kg bw/day. Food consumption and food efficiency was affected by the test substance at the dose level of 400 mg/kg bw/day.In a number of cases the organ weights were about the same as the controls but the body weights of the test animals were less than the controls, suggesting the possible utilization of muscle protein. In other cases the body weights of test and control animals were about the same but the organ weights differed significantly. By the end of 20 weeks, 6 male rats receiving a dose of 200 mg/kg bw/day had died whereas all 10 female rats has survived for 20 weeks. However, 5 male and 3 female rats receiving a dose of 400 mg/kg bw/day had died by the end of the experiment. A detailed examination was made of the haematoxylin-eosin stained paraffin sections of a number of organs including lung, heart, liver, spleen, thyroid, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, kidney, urinary bladder, adrenal, testes, ovaries and thymus. Heart, liver, spleen, kidneys and testes were the organs chiefly affected. No consistent histopathological changes were observed in the tissues or organs of the test animal. Testicular changes are observed in animals receiving the higher concentrations. Therefore Sudan II was not considered to be a reprotox for male and female rats at a dose level of 200 mg/kg bw/day. Hence it is not likely to be classified as reprotox.

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

screening for reproductive / developmental toxicity

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Justification for type of information:

Data is from publication .

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: As mention below

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Reproductive toxicity study was conducted to evaluate the reproductive effects of test substance Sudan II in rats for 20 weeks.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Limit test:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): C.I. Solvent orange 7 (Sudan II) ,1- (2, 4-dimethylphenylazo)-2-naphthol; 1-[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)diazenyl]-2-naphthol
- Molecular formula: C18H16N2O
- Molecular weight: 276.337 g/mol
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Solid

Species:

rat

Strain:

not specified

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: No data available
- Age at study initiation: 5 to 6 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: No data available - Fasting period before study: No data available
- Housing: Rats were kept in groups of two in a cage.
- Use of restrainers for preventing ingestion (if dermal): No data available
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Diet ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Water ad libitum
- Acclimation period: No data available



ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): No data available
- Humidity (%):No data available
- Air changes (per hr): No data available
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): No data available

IN-LIFE DATES: No data available

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

not specified

Details on exposure:

Not specified.

Details on mating procedure:

Not specified.

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

not specified

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

Not specified.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

20 weeks (More than 4 months)

Frequency of treatment:

Daily

Details on study schedule:

Not specified.

Dose / conc.:

0 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Dose / conc.:

200 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Dose / conc.:

400 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

No. of animals per sex per dose:

10 animals/sex/dosein treated group
10 control animals were used for study.

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

Not specified.

Positive control:

Not specified.

Parental animals: Observations and examinations:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: No data available
- Cage side observations checked in table [No.?] were included: Mortality was observed.


DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: No data available
- Time schedule: No data available

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: Body weight of the test animal was recorded weekly.

FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study): Yes, food consumption of the test animal was recorded weekly.
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: Yes
- Compound intake calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: No data available


WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if drinking water study): No data available
- Time schedule for examinations: No data available


OTHER: Food efficiency of the test animal was also recorded weekly. For more accurate evaluation of food consumption it would have been preferable to place only one rat in a cage, but this was not possible.

Haematology determinations were made for 20 weeks on groups of male and female rats.
A slight modification of the pyridine-haemochromogen method of Rimington was used and the mean values of the final determinations were made. Blood haemoglobin parameter was examined.

Organs of surviving rats were weighed at the termination of the test. The mean weight in mg/g of body weight was calculated.

Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):

Not specified

Sperm parameters (parental animals):

Sperm parameters (parent animal)
Parameters examined in [all/P] male parental generations: A detailed examination was made of the haematoxylin-eosin stained paraffin sections of testes

Litter observations:

Not specified

Postmortem examinations (parental animals):

SACRIFICE
- Male animals: All surviving animals [describe when, e.g. as soon as possible after the last litters in each generation were produced.]: No data available
- Maternal animals: All surviving animals [describe when, e.g. after the last litter of each generation was weaned.]: No data available
- Other: Post-mortem examinations were made where possible on rats which died on test. All surviving rats were killed at the end of the experiments and post-mortem examinations were made.

GROSS NECROPSY
- Gross necropsy consisted of [external and internal examinations including the cervical, thoracic, and abdominal viscera.]: No data available

HISTOPATHOLOGY / ORGAN WEIGHTS
The tissues indicated in Table [#] were prepared for microscopic examination and weighed, respectively: Yes, many of the organs were weighed and prepared for histological examination.
A detailed examination was made of the haematoxylin-eosin stained paraffin sections of a number of organs including lung, heart, liver, spleen, thyroid, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, kidney, urinary bladder, adrenal, testes, ovaries and thymus.

Postmortem examinations (offspring):

Not applicable

Statistics:

Standard deviation was observed.

Reproductive indices:

Not specified

Offspring viability indices:

Not specified

Clinical signs:

not specified

Dermal irritation (if dermal study):

not specified

Mortality:

mortality observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence):

By the end of 20 weeks, 6 male rats receiving a dose of 200 mg/kg bw/day had died whereas all 10 female rats has survived for 20 weeks.

However, 5 male and 3 female rats receiving a dose of 400 mg/kg bw/day had died by the end of the experiment.

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

In a number of cases the body weights of the test animals were less than the controls. In other cases the body weights of test and control animals were about the same.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Food consumption was affected by the test substance at the dose level of 400 mg/kg bw/day.

Food efficiency:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Food efficiencey was affected by the test substance at the dose level of 400 mg/kg bw/day.

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not specified

Ophthalmological findings:

not specified

Haematological findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

A significant decline in blood haemoglobin values was found in all groups of both sexes at the dose level of both 200 and 400 mg/kg bw/day. This same result was also evident from an examination of the data obtained on each sex.

Clinical biochemistry findings:

not specified

Urinalysis findings:

not specified

Behaviour (functional findings):

not specified

Immunological findings:

not specified

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

effects observed, treatment-related

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

No consistent histopathological changes were observed in the tissues or organs of the female test animal at dose level of 200and 400 mg/kgbw/day.

Altered spermatogenesis are observed in male test group receiving the dose 400 mg/kgbw/day compare to control.

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not specified

Other effects:

not specified

Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:

not specified

Reproductive function: sperm measures:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

No consistent histopathological changes were observed in the tissues or organs of the female test animal at dose level of 200and 400 mg/kgbw/day.

Altered spermatogenesis are observed in male test group receiving the dose 400 mg/kgbw/day compare to control.

Reproductive performance:

not specified

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

200 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male

Basis for effect level:

other: No significant effect were observed in histopathology and reproductive fuction

Clinical signs:

not specified

Dermal irritation (if dermal study):

not specified

Mortality:

not specified

Body weight and weight changes:

not specified

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

not specified

Food efficiency:

not specified

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not specified

Ophthalmological findings:

not specified

Haematological findings:

not specified

Clinical biochemistry findings:

not specified

Urinalysis findings:

not specified

Behaviour (functional findings):

not specified

Immunological findings:

not specified

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not specified

Gross pathological findings:

not specified

Neuropathological findings:

not specified

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

not specified

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not specified

Other effects:

not specified

Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:

not specified

Reproductive function: sperm measures:

not specified

Reproductive performance:

not specified

Dose descriptor:

other: Not specified

Generation:

other: Not specified

Based on:

not specified

Sex:

not specified

Basis for effect level:

other: Not specified

Remarks on result:

other: Not specified

Critical effects observed:

not specified

Reproductive effects observed:

not specified

Treatment related:

not specified

Observation on male rat

Product dosage			NO. of rats surviving/ NO. of rats on test		Sex	Mean body weight final		Mean hg	Mean organ weight mg/g	Histopathology
									Testicles	Altered spermatogenesis
0 mg/kgbw/day			4/10		M	251.0±11.0		17.3±0.40	9.7±0.38	0
200 mg/kgbw/day			4/10		M	155.0±18.9*		14.1±0.81*	9.6±1.32	0
400mg/kgbw/day			5/10		M	160±14.0*		12.8±1.50*	9.6±1.65	3

Conclusions:

When the test animal is exposed orally to the test substance Sudan II, No adverse effects were observed at a dose level of 200 mg/kg bw/day.

Executive summary:

Reproductive toxicity study was performed to evaluate the reproductive effects of the test substance on the test animals.

 

When the test animal is exposed orally (gavage)to the test substance Sudan II for 20 weeks at a dose conc. of 200 and400 mg/kg bw/day,No adverse effects were observed at a dose level of200 mg/kg bw/day.

 

Testicular changes are observed in animals receiving the higher concentrations i.e; 400 mg/kg bw/day.

 

A significant decline in blood haemoglobin values was found in all groups of both sexesat the dose level of both 200 and 400 mg/kg bw/day.

 

Food consumption and food efficiency was affected by the test substance at the dose level of 400 mg/kg bw/day.In a number of cases the organ weights were about the same as the controls but the body weights of the test animals were less than the controls, suggesting the possible utilization of muscle protein. In other cases the body weights of test and control animals were about the same but the organ weights differed significantly.

 

By the end of 20 weeks, 6 male rats receiving a dose of 200 mg/kg bw/day had died whereas all 10 female rats has survived for 20 weeks. However, 5 male and 3 female rats receiving a dose of 400 mg/kg bw/day had died by the end of the experiment.

 

Adetailed examination was made of the haematoxylin-eosin stained paraffin sections of a number of organs including lung, heart, liver, spleen, thyroid, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, kidney, urinary bladder, adrenal, testes, ovaries and thymus. Heart, liver, spleen, kidneys and testes were the organs chiefly affected.No consistent histopathological changes were observed in the tissues or organs of the test animal. Testicular changes are observed in animals receiving the higher concentrations. ThereforeSudan II was not considered to be a reprotox for male and female rats at a dose level of200 mg/kg bw/day.Hence it is not likely to be classiffied as reprotox.

Effect on fertility: via oral route

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

200 mg/kg bw/day

Study duration:

chronic

Species:

rat

Quality of whole database:

Data is from K2 publication

Effect on fertility: via inhalation route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Effect on fertility: via dermal route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

Toxicity to reproduction:

Data available for the target chemical FD & C red No. 32 was reviewed to determine its toxicity to reproduction ability. The summaries are as mentioned below:

Reproductive toxicity study was performed by Allmark et al (Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 1956) to evaluate the reproductive effects of the test substance Sudan II on the test animals. When the test animal is exposed orally (gavage) to the test substance Sudan II for 20 weeks at a dose conc. of 200 and400 mg/kg bw/day, No adverse effects were observed at a dose level of 200 mg/kg bw/day. Testicular changes are observed in animals receiving the higher concentrations i.e; 400 mg/kg bw/day. A significant decline in blood haemoglobin values was found in all groups of both sexesat the dose level of both 200 and 400 mg/kg bw/day. Food consumption and food efficiency was affected by the test substance at the dose level of 400 mg/kg bw/day.In a number of cases the organ weights were about the same as the controls but the body weights of the test animals were less than the controls, suggesting the possible utilization of muscle protein. In other cases the body weights of test and control animals were about the same but the organ weights differed significantly. By the end of 20 weeks, 6 male rats receiving a dose of 200 mg/kg bw/day had died whereas all 10 female rats has survived for 20 weeks. However, 5 male and 3 female rats receiving a dose of 400 mg/kg bw/day had died by the end of the experiment. A detailed examination was made of the haematoxylin-eosin stained paraffin sections of a number of organs including lung, heart, liver, spleen, thyroid, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, kidney, urinary bladder, adrenal, testes, ovaries and thymus. Heart, liver, spleen, kidneys and testes were the organs chiefly affected. No consistent histopathological changes were observed in the tissues or organs of the test animal. Testicular changes are observed in animals receiving the higher concentrations. Therefore Sudan II was not considered to be a reprotox for male and female rats at a dose level of 200 mg/kg bw/day. Hence it is not likely to be classified as reprotox.

In the same study by Allmark et al (Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 1956), another study was designed to investigate the reproductive toxicity effects of FD&C Red No. 32 in young male and female rats by an oral route for 44 weeks. The rats were exposed by oral feed for 44 week to the concentrations of 0, 30,75and 1500 mg/kgbw/day. No mortality was observed at the dose level of 30mg/kg bw/day in treated group compared to control. Mortality was observed, by the end of 20 weeks in all the rats on the 1500 mg/kg bw/day level. Mortality was also observed, by the end of 40 weeks in all the rats on the 75 mg/kg bw/day. No significant change were observed in clinical sign, body weight, food consumption , food efficiency, hematology, reproductive fuction, gross pathology and histopathology of male and female rats observed at the dose level of 30 mg/kg bw/day in treated group compared to control. Therefore NOAEL was considered to be 30 mg/kg bw/day for FD&C Red No. 32 in male and female rats by an oral route for 44 weeks. Hence the substance not likely to classified as reprotox.

Based on the data available for FD&C Red No. 32, the chemical does not exhibit reproductive toxicity. Hence the test chemical is not likely to classify as a reprotox as per the criteria mentioned in CLP regulation.

Effects on developmental toxicity

Description of key information

Based on the data available for FD&C Red No. 32, the chemical does not exhibit reproductive toxicity. Hence the test chemical is not likely to classify as a reprotox as per the criteria mentioned in CLP regulation.