1,3-Propanediamine, N1-(3-aminopropyl)-N3-[3-(C18, C18 unsat) alkylamino]propyl]-, N-(carboxymethyl) derivs., sodium salts

Toxicity to reproduction

Administrative data

Endpoint:

screening for reproductive / developmental toxicity

Remarks:

based on test type (migrated information)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2017-01-02 to 2018-mm-dd

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP Guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2018

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

see Overall remarks

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

(Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit, München, Germany)

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

octasodium chlorosodium 2-({3-[(carboxylatomethyl)({3-[(carboxylatomethyl)amino]propyl})amino]propyl}(octadecyl)amino)acetate 3,7,11-tris(carboxylatomethyl)-15-octadecyl-3,7,11,15-tetraazaheptadecanedioate

EC Number:

947-979-9

Cas Number:

2060541-49-1

Molecular formula:

Not relevant - UVCB substance

IUPAC Name:

octasodium chlorosodium 2-({3-[(carboxylatomethyl)({3-[(carboxylatomethyl)amino]propyl})amino]propyl}(octadecyl)amino)acetate 3,7,11-tris(carboxylatomethyl)-15-octadecyl-3,7,11,15-tetraazaheptadecanedioate

Test material form:

liquid

Details on test material:

Name: Sodium oleylamphopolycarboxyglycinate
Chemical Name: active ingredient: Sodium oleylamphopolycarboxyglycinate
Old CAS No.: active ingredient: 97659-53-5
New CAS no: 2060541-49-1
Batch No.: 1604972
Physical State: liquid
Molecular Weight: 838.87 g/moL
Active Ingredient: 30.1 % (active is corrected for sodium chloride solids)
Date of Production: 23 August 2017
Storage Conditions: room temperature
Expiry Date: 23 August 2019

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Name: Sodium oleylamphopolycarboxyglycinate
Product: AMPHOLAK XO7/C
Chemical Name: active ingredient: Sodium oleylamphopolycarboxyglycinate
CAS No.: active ingredient: 97659-53-5
Batch No.: 1604972
Physical State: liquid
Molecular Weight: 838.87 g/moL
Active Ingredient: 40.5 % (was taken into account for final formulation)
Date of Production: 23 August 2017
Storage Conditions: room temperature
Expiry Date: 23 August 2019
Safety Precautions: The routine hygienic procedures were sufficient to assure personnel health and safety.

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

Test System
Species/strain: healthy Wistar rats, Crl: WI(Han) (Full Barrier)
Source: Charles River, 97633 Sulzfeld, Germany
Sex: male and female; the female animals were non-pregnant and nulliparous
Age at the start of the treatment period: approx. 14-15 weeks old
Body weight at the allocation of the animals to the experimental groups:
males: 342 - 402 g (mean: 373.50 g, ± 20 % = 298.80 – 448.20 g)
females: 212 - 257 g (mean: 233.28 g, ± 20 % = 186.62 – 279.93 g)
The animals were derived from a controlled full-barrier maintained breeding system (SPF). According to the German Act on Animal Welfare the animals were bred for experimental purposes.
This study was performed in an AAALAC-accredited laboratory. According to German animal protection law, the study type has been reviewed and accepted by local authorities. Furthermore, the study has been subjected to Ethical Review Process and was authorised by the Bavarian animal welfare administration.


Housing and Feeding Conditions
- Full barrier in an air-conditioned room
- Temperature: 22 ± 3 °C
- Relative humidity: 55 ± 10 %
- Artificial light, sequence being 12 hours light, 12 hours dark
- Air change: 10 x / hour
- Free access to Altromin 1324 maintenance diet for rats and mice
- Free access to tap water, sulphur acidified to a pH of approximately 2.8 (drinking water, municipal residue control, microbiological controls at regular intervals)
- Animals were housed in groups of 5 animals / sex / cage in type IV polysulphone cages or in double decker IVC cages during the premating period for both males and females and during post-mating period for males depending on the mating status. During mating period males and females were housed together in ratio 1:1 (male to female). After the confirmation of mating, females were kept individually during gestation/lactation period in type III H, polysulphone cages and males were returned to their original cage. In each cage Altromin saw fibre was used as bedding.
- Nesting material were provided latest on GD 18 for all mated females
- Certificates of food, water and bedding are filed for two years at BSL Munich and afterwards archived at Eurofins Munich
- Adequate acclimatisation period (at least 5 days) under laboratory conditions


Preparation of the Animals
Prior to the start of the treatment period a detailed clinical observation outside the home cage was made. None of the animal showed pathological signs before the first administration.
Before dosing all females were screened for two weeks for regular estrous cyclicity and animals (10 females/ group) with regular estorus cycle (4-5 day cycle) were used in the study.
Before the first administration all animals to be used for the study were weighed and assigned to the experimental groups with achieving a most homogenous variation in body weight throughout the groups of males and females, respectively (randomisation was performed with IDBS Workbook 10.1.2 software).
Each animal was marked with its identification number by individual ear tattoo or tail marking.

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

other: aqua ad iniectabilia

Remarks:

Manufacturer: Deltamedica; Batch No.: 612118 and 702240; Physical State: liquid; Storage Conditions: at room temperature; Expiry Date: 11/2019 and 01/2020

Details on exposure:

The dose levels refered to active ingredient (CAS no. 97659-53-5). In order to correct for the purity of 40.5 % of active ingredient, the test material was weighed under consideration of a correction factor of 2.469.
The test item was weighed into a tared plastic vial on a precision balance. The test item was dissolved in the vehicle. The dose formulations were prepared by adding the required volume of vehicle and further vortexing it for 2-3 minutes.
The vehicle was selected as suggested by the sponsor based on the test item’s characteristics and testing guideline.
The test item formulations were prepared at least once every ten days based on available stability data (Eurofins Munich Study No. 162887). The prepared formulation was stored at room temperature.
Formulates were kept under magnetic stirring during the daily administration.
The vehicle was also used as control item.

According to the results of a previous dose range finding study (BSL Munich Study No. 163485, non GLP) and in consultation with the sponsor the following doses were selected for the three dose groups (LD = low dose, MD = medium dose, HD = high dose) and one control group (C).

Control: 0 mg/kg/d
Low Dose: 100 mg/kg/d
Medium Dose: 300 mg/kg/d
High Dose: 1000 mg/kg/d


The highest dose level was chosen with the aim of inducing toxic effects, but no death or severe suffering. Thereafter, a descending sequence of dose levels was selected with a view to demonstrate any dosage related response and NOAEL.
The animals in the control group were handled in an identical manner to the test group subjects and received the vehicle using the same volume as used for the high dose group.
The test item and vehicle were administered at a single dose to the animals by oral gavage. The application volume for all groups was 5 mL/kg body weight. For each animal the individual dosing volume was calculated on the basis of the body weight most recently measured.

Details on mating procedure:

Mating was performed using a ratio of 1:1 (male to female). The vaginal smear of the females was checked every morning after the start of the mating period to confirm the mating. If the vaginal smear of a particular female was not found to be sperm-positive, the actual stage of the estrus cycle on that day was documented. The day of the vaginal plug and/or sperm was considered as day 0 of gestation.
The cages were arranged in such a way that possible effects due to cage placement were minimised.

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

Before beginning of the treatment period, formulation samples were prepared and analysed in order to obtain knowledge about stability and homogeneity of the test item in the selected vehicle at Eurofins Munich as part of a separate GLP study (Eurofins Munich Study No. 162887). Based on this study the formulation was proved to be a true solution and the repetition of homogeneity measurement in the main study was not necessary.
Samples were taken for substance concentration from the middle of prepared formulations from all dose groups and from the middle of the control group in study week 1 (pre-mating period), 3 (first week of mating), 5 (gestation) and in the last week of the study (gestation / lactation) from all groups (16 samples).
Each sample taken during the study was retained in duplicate (sample A, sample B, each of at least 5 mL). The A-samples were analysed at Eurofins Munich (Eurofins Munich Study Phase No. 162888) and until then stored under appropriate conditions based on available stability data. The B-samples were retained at -15 to -35 °C at BSL Munich (test facility) and discarded after completion of the final study report.
The phase plan was amended to the study plan. The results are reported in the appendix of the final report.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

The animals were treated with the test item formulation or vehicle on 7 days per week for a maximum period of 69 days in females, i.e. during 20 days of pre-mating and maximum 14 days of mating in both males and females, during the gestation period and up to post-natal day 12 in females. Males were dosed after the mating period until the minimum total dosing period of 37-38 days was completed.

Frequency of treatment:

daily

Details on study schedule:

Arrival of the Test Item: 21 September 2017
Study Initiation Date: 02 January 2017
Date of Amended Study Plan: 16 October 2017
Amendment to Study Plan: 06 November 2017
Delivery of Animals: 17 October 2017
Acclimatisation Period: 17 October 2017 to 22 October 2017
Experimental Starting Date: 23 October 2017
Treatment Period: 06 November 2017 to 14 January 2018
Necropsies: 20 November 2017, 23 November 2017, 13-14 December 2017, 31 December 2017,
01-03 January 2018, 13 and 15 January 2018
Experimental Completion Date: 16 January 2018
Completion Date of Delegated
Phase (Histopathology): will be included in the final report
Completion Date of Delegated
Phase (Formulation Analysis): will be included in the final report
Study Completion Date: date of the study director’s signature

Doses / concentrations

Doses / concentrations 1

Dose / conc.:

0 mg/kg bw/day

Doses / concentrations 2

Dose / conc.:

100 mg/kg bw/day

Doses / concentrations 3

Dose / conc.:

300 mg/kg bw/day

Doses / concentrations 4

Dose / conc.:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day

No. of animals per sex per dose:

100 animals (40 males and 60 females) were included in the study. 60 females were screened for regular estrous cycles for 14 days before the treatment initiation and only 40 females (10 females/ group) showing regular estrous cycles were continued in the study. Remaining not selected 20 females were discarded without any observations or used for other appropriate studies/procedures.

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Examinations

Parental animals: Observations and examinations:

Clinical Observations
General clinical observations were made at least once a day, preferably at the same time each day. The health condition of the animals was recorded. Twice daily all animals were observed for morbidity and mortality except on weekends and public holidays when observations were made once daily.
After the first exposure, and at least once a week thereafter, detailed clinical observations were made in all animals outside the home cage in a standard arena. Clinical observations included spontaneous activity, lethargy, recumbent position, convulsions, tremors, apnoea, asphyxia, vocalisation, diarrhoea, changes in the skin and fur, eyes and mucous membranes (salivation, discharge), piloerection and pupil size. Changes in gait, posture, response to handling as well as the presence of clonic or tonic movements, stereotypes, difficult or prolonged parturition or bizarre behaviour were recorded.
During the study all animals were visually monitored to see if there is condition of polydipsia.

Functional Observations
Multiple detailed behavioural observations were made in the week before the first treatment and during the last week of the treatment in 5 randomly selected males and only during the last week of the lactation period in 5 randomly selected females (only lactating females were evaluated) of each group outside the home cage using a functional observational battery of tests.
Sensory reactivity to different modalities, grip strength and motor activity assessments and other behavioural observations as well as rearing supported and not supported, urination, defecation, startle/ auditory response, equilibrium reflex, positional passivity, visual placing, fore and hind limb grip strength, tail pinch response, toe pinch reflex, extensor thrust/limb tone, hind limb reflex, righting reflex on the ground, air righting reflex, pupil response, body temperature and ophthalmoscopy (anterior chamber of the eye and fundus of eye).

Body Weight and Food Consumption
The animals were weighed once before the assignment to the experimental groups, on the first day of dosing and weekly thereafter as well as at the end of the study. During pregnancy, females were weighed on gestation days (GD) 0, 7, 14 and 20 and within 24 hours of parturition (day 0 post-partum), on PND 4 and PND 13 along with pups. All animals were weighed directly before termination. Any animals prematurely sacrificed were weighed prior to the sacrifice.
Food consumption was measured on the corresponding days of the body weight measurements after the beginning of the dose administration. Food consumption was not measured during the mating period in males and females and the post-mating period in males.

Haematology
Haematological parameters were examined in 5 randomly selected males and females (only lactating females were evaluated) from each group at the end of the treatment prior to or as part of the sacrifice of the animals. Blood from the abdominal aorta of the animals was collected in EDTA-coated tubes. The following haematological parameters were examined: haematocrit value (Hct), haemoglobin content (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), reticulocytes (Re), platelet count (PLT), white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils (Neu), lymphocytes (Lym), monocytes (Mono),
eosinophils (Eos), basophils (Baso) and large unstained cells (Luc).

Blood Coagulation
Coagulation parameters from 5 randomly selected males and females (only lactating females were evaluated) of each group were examined at the end of the treatment prior to or as part of the sacrifice of the animals. Blood from the abdominal aorta of the animals was collected in citrate tubes. The following coagulation parameters were examined: prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT).

Clinical Biochemistry
Parameters of clinical biochemistry from 5 randomly selected males and females (only lactating females were evaluated) of each group were examined at the end of the treatment prior to or as part of the sacrifice of the animals. Blood from the abdominal aorta of the animals was collected in serum separator tubes. The following parameters of clinical biochemistry were examined: alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), aspartate-aminotransferase (ASAT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), creatinine (Crea), total protein (TP),
albumin (Alb), urea, total bile acids (TBA), total cholesterol (Chol), glucose (Gluc), sodium (Na) and potassium (K).
From 2 female pups/litter on day 4 after birth, from all dams and 2 pups/litter at termination on day 13 and from all adult males at termination, blood samples were collected from the defined site in serum separator tubes. All blood samples were stored under appropriate conditions. Blood samples from the day 13 pups and the adult males were assessed for serum levels for thyroid hormones (T4).
Further assessment of T4 in blood samples from the dams and day 4 pups was not deemed necessary based on the fact that no histopathological findings were observed in thyroid/parathyroid gland of selected male and female adult animals and T4 hormone levels of males and day 13 pups. Other hormones were not measured. Pup blood was pooled by litter for thyroid hormone analysis.
Two pups per litter were sacrificed on day 4 after birth and blood samples were taken for possible serum hormone assessments. The two pups per litter were female pups to reserve male pups for nipple retention evaluations. No pups were eliminated when litter size dropped below 8 pups. Whenever there was only one pup available above a litter size of 8, only one pup was sacrificed on PND 4.

Urinalysis
A urinalysis was performed with samples from 5 randomly selected males and females (only lactating females were evaluated) prior to or as part of the sacrifice of the animals. Additionally, urine colour/ appearance was recorded. The following parameters were measured using qualitative indicators (Heiland Urine Stripes URI 10SL): specific gravity, nitrite, ph-value (pH), protein, glucose, ketone bodies (ketones), urobilinogen (ubg), bilirubin, blood and leukocytes.

Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):

Estrous cycles were monitored before treatment initiation to select for the study females with regular estrus cyclicity. Vaginal smears were also examined daily from the beginning of the treatment period until evidence of mating.

Sperm parameters (parental animals):

For the testes, a detailed qualitative examination was made; taking into account the tubular stages of the spermatogenic cycle at evaluation of additional hematoxylin-PAS (Periodic Acid Schiff) stained slides. Please refer to histopathology section.

Litter observations:

The duration of gestation was recorded and is calculated from day 0 of the pregnancy. Each litter was examined as soon as possible after the delivery of the dam to establish the number and sex of pups, stillbirths, live births, runts and the presence of gross abnormalities.
Live pups were counted and sexed and litters weighed within 24 hours of littering (PND 0) and on PND 4 and PND 13. Live pups were identified by tattooing. In addition to the observations of the parent animals, any abnormal behaviour of the offspring were recorded.
The anogenital distance (AGD) of each pup was measured on PND 0. Pup body weight measured on PND 0 was converted to cube root and used for the calculation of relative AGD (Relative AGD = AGD/Cube root of pup weight). The number of nipples/areolae in male pups was counted on PND 12.

Postmortem examinations (parental animals):

Pathology
All surviving males were sacrificed any time after the completion of the mating period (after a minimum dosing period of 37-38 days) and females were sacrificed on the respective PND 13 by using anesthesia (ketamine/xylazine). All surviving pups were killed by cervical dislocation on PND 13.
Vaginal smears were examined on the day of necropsy (except for animal no. 59, 70, 73, 75) to determine the stage of estrous cycle.
Dead pups and all surviving pups sacrificed on PND 13 were carefully examined externally for gross abnormalities before terminal sacrifice.
All animals were subjected to a detailed gross necropsy which included careful examination of the external surface of the body, all orifices and the cranial, thoracic and abdominal cavities and their contents.
Special attention was paid to the organs of the reproductive system. The ovaries, uterus with cervix, vagina, testes, epididymides, accessory sex organs (prostate, seminal vesicles with coagulating glands as a whole), the thyroid/parathyroid glands and all organs showing macroscopic lesions of all adult animals were preserved in 4 % neutral-buffered formaldehyde, except for testes and epididymides which were preserved in modified Davidson’s Solution for 24 hours and then transferred to 70 % ethanol.
The number of implantation sites and corpora lutea was recorded for each parental female at necropsy.

Organ Weights
The wet weight of the organs [testes (paired weight), epididymides (paired weight), prostate, seminal vesicles and coagulating glands (complete weight), uterus with cervix, ovaries (paired weight), thyroid/parathyroid glands (from 1 pup/sex/litter/group and from all adult males and females) – weighed after fixation (complete weight), thymus, liver, spleen, kidneys (paired weight), brain, adrenal (paired weight), heart and pituitary gland] of 5 randomly selected male and female animals (only lactating females were evaluated) from each group were recorded as soon as possible except for the organ weights of the female LD group were only 4 randomly selected animals were weighed. Paired organs were weighed together. Organ weights of animals found dead or euthanised for animal welfare reasons were not recorded.
Reproductive organs (testes, epididymides, prostate with seminal vesicles and coagulating glands, uterus with cervix and ovaries) were weighed from all animals.
Thyroid/parathyroid glands from 1 pup/sex/litter/group (if possible) (sacrificed on PND 13) and from all adult males and females were preserved. Weight of thyroid/parathyroid glands was measured after fixation.
Adrenal glands, all gross lesions, aorta, brain (incl. medulla/pons, cerebellar and cerebral cortex), caecum, colon, duodenum, epididymides, eyes, optic nerves, Harderian gland, femur with knee joint, heart, ileum (including Peyer´s patches), jejunum, kidneys, liver, lungs, lymph nodes (mandibular), lymph nodes (mesenteric), lymph nodes (axillary), mammary gland area (male and female), oesophagus, ovaries, oviducts, pancreas, pituitary, prostate and seminal vesicles with coagulating glands as a whole, rectum, salivary glands (sublingual, submandibular), sciatic nerve, skeletal muscle, skin, spinal cord (cervical, thoracic and lumbar segments), spleen, sternum (with bone marrow), stomach, testes, thymus, thyroid/parathyroid glands, tongue, trachea, ureters, urinary bladder, uterus with cervix and vagina of the same selected animals from each group were preserved in 4% neutral-buffered formaldehyde except for testes and epididymides that were fixed in Modified Davidson’s Fixative for approximately 24 hours before they were transferred to 70% ethanol. All animals found dead and/or intercurrently euthanised for animal welfare reasons were subjected to a gross necropsy and the organs preserved for a histopathological examination.
Thyroid/parathyroid glands from 1 pup/sex/litter/group sacrificed on PND 13 and non-selected adult animals were preserved for potential histopathological examination.

Histopathology
A full histopathology was carried out on the preserved organs and tissues of all animals of the control and high dose groups which were sacrificed at the end of the treatment period. . Histopathological examination of thyroid gland from pups and from the remaining non-selected adult animals was not deemed necessary as no test item related histopathological findings were observed in thyroid/parathyroid gland of selected animals and there was also no test item related effect observed on T4 hormone level in males and pups sacrificed on PND 13.
A full histopathology was carried out on the preserved organs and tissues of all animals which died during the study or which were euthanised due to morbidity.
Testes, epididymides, ovaries, uterus with cervix, vagina, accessory sex organs (prostate, seminal vesicle with coagulating gland) were trimmed, embedded into paraffin, cut at an approximated thickness of 2-4 µm and stained with hematoxylin and examined in control and HD animals.
These examinations were not extended to animals of all other dosage groups as no treatment-related changes were observed in any organ/tissue of the high dose group.
Any gross lesion macroscopically identified was examined microscopically in all animals. Discoloration possibly due to the test item was evaluated in the organs of all dose groups.
For the testes, a detailed qualitative examination was made; taking into account the tubular stages of the spermatogenic cycle at evaluation of additional hematoxylin-PAS (Periodic Acid Schiff) stained slides.
The histological processing of tissues to microscope slides were performed at the GLP-certified contract laboratory AnaPath GmbH, AnaPath Services, Hammerstrasse 49, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland (test site for tissue processing). The histopathological evaluation were performed at the GLP-certified contract laboratory AnaPath GmbH, AnaPath Services, Hammerstrasse 49, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland (test site for histopathology). The study phases from test site 1 and 2 were performed in compliance with the Swiss Ordinance relating to Good Laboratory Practice adopted 18 May 2005 [SR 813.112.1] (Status as of 01 December 2012). Blocking, embedding, cutting, H&E staining and scientific slide evaluation were performed according to the corresponding SOP’s of the test sites.
The principal investigator for histopathological tissue processing sent all raw data (including blocks, slides, paper raw data, statement of compliance and quality assurance statement) to the study director.
The principal investigator for histopathological evaluation provided the histopathology results to the study director by e-mail and sent a pathology phase report to the study director upon the completion of the study.

Postmortem examinations (offspring):

Dead pups and all surviving pups on PND 13 were carefully examined externally for gross abnormalities before terminal sacrifice.

Statistics:

A statistical assessment of the results of body weight, food consumption, parameters of haematology, blood coagulation, clinical biochemistry and litter data were performed for each gender by comparing values of dosed with control animals using a one-way ANOVA and a post-hoc Dunnett Test. Results of absolute and relative organ weights were statistically analyzed by comparing values of dosed with control animals using either a parametric one-way ANOVA and a post-hoc Dunnett Test or a non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis Test and a post-hoc Dunn’s Test, based on the results of homogeneity and normality tests. These statistics were performed with GraphPad Prism V.6.01 software or Ascentos 1.1.3 software (p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant).

Results and discussion

Results: P0 (first parental generation)

General toxicity (P0)

Clinical signs:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

see Details on results P0

Mortality:

mortality observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence):

see Details on results P0

Body weight and weight changes:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

see Details on results P0

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

see Details on results P0

Food efficiency:

not examined

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not examined

Ophthalmological findings:

not examined

Haematological findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

see Details on results P0

Clinical biochemistry findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

see Details on results P0

Urinalysis findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

see Details on results P0

Behaviour (functional findings):

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

see Details on results P0

Immunological findings:

not examined

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

see Details on results P0

Reproductive function / performance (P0)

Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

see Details on results P0

Reproductive function: sperm measures:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

see Details on results P0: Histopathology

Reproductive performance:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

see Details on results P0: Thyroid Hormone (T4) Analysis, Precoital Interval and Duration of Gestation, Pre- and Postnatal Data, Reproductive Indices

Details on results (P0)

Clinical Observations
In males, there were no clinical symptoms in LD group. Alopecia (2/10), slight piloerection (1/10) and crust (1/10) were observed in a few male rats of MD group and additionally, piloerection was seen transiently in male no. 25. Therefore, these findings in MD group males were not related to test item treatment. In HD group, abnormal breathing and chromodacryorrhea were seen on single occasion in male no. 38 and diarrhoea was observed on single occasion in male no. 39. These findings were transient and incidental in nature. One male (no. 28) of MD group had accidentally swallowed a piece of gavaging cannula but did not show adverse findings until the terminal sacrifice.
In females, crust (2/10), erythema (1/10), hunched posture (1/10) and piloerection (1/10) were seen in control group. In LD group, moving the bedding (1/10) and salivation (1/10) was observed on one occasion during gestation. These findings in C and LD groups were not of toxicological relevance. In MD group, abnormal breathing, slightly reduced spontaneous activity and piloerection were in female no. 68 and salivation in female no. 66 on a single occasion. In the HD group, abnormal breathing, alopecia, diarrhoea and regurgitation were observed on single occasion in single isolated females. These findings in the MD and HD groups were considered incidental in nature.
Moving the bedding and salivation were seen immediately after the dose administration in mostly all male and female rats of MD and HD groups. These finding were considered to be related to local effect of test item treatment by gavage.
Clinical observation of decedents before found dead:
Male no. 21 (MD group). No clinical findings
Female no. 68 (MD group) PMD 12: abnormal breathing; PMD 12, 14: slightly reduced spontaneous activity; PMD 14: slight piloerection; MD 1: moving the bedding; GD 1-5: moving the bedding
Female no. 71 (HD group) PMD 6-14: moving the bedding; MD 1: moving the bedding; GD 0-15, 17-19: moving the bedding
Female no. 75 (HD group) PMD 5-6: moving he bedding
Female no. 77 (HD group) PMD 5-6: moving he bedding
Female no. 80 (HD group) PMD 3-14: moving the bedding; PMD 14: slightly increased salivation; MD 1-2: moving the bedding,
GD 0-10: moving the bedding; GD 9: moderately increased salivation
PMD= premating day, GD= gestation day, MD= mating/post mating day

Mortality
There was mortality in males and females during the treatment. In MD group, male no. 21 was found dead on day 17 and female no. 68 was found dead on GD 6. In HD group females 71, 75, 77 and 80 were found dead on GD 20, premating day 6, GD 16 and GD 10, respectively. Microscopically, the cause of death was deemed to be related to test item aspiration.

Body Weight Development
In males, the mean body weight was statistically significantly lower in HD (-7% to -6%) group from day 14 onwards. The body weight gain was lower during the entire treatment period (premating day 1 to terminal sacrifice) in MD (24.33 g) and HD (12.60 g) groups compared to control (33.10 g) attaining statistical significance in HD group. The lower weight gain in HD group was due to transiently observed lower weight gain during the 2nd week of premating. The terminal body weight of males in HD group was statistically significantly lower compared to the control group. This finding in the absence of other adverse changes and also considering the absolute body weight being slightly lower (≤7%) compared to control, the statistically significantly lower weight gain was of little toxicological relevance.
In females, the body weight and body weight gain were not affected in test item groups compared to the control group. Although, there was statistically significantly higher weight gain on premating days 7-14 in HD group and GD 7-14 in MD and HD groups, they were not considered to be of toxicological relevance.

Food Consumption
The food consumption was not statistically significantly different in female test item groups compared to the corresponding control group. However, the food consumption was slightly lower in male MD group and moderate to markedly lower in HD group compared to the control. The lower food consumption in males corroborated lower weight gain. In the absence of other adverse findings, this was of little toxicological relevance.

Haematology and Coagulation
In males and females, the mean values of measured hematological parameters were not statistically significantly different in test item groups compared to the corresponding control group, with the exception of the mean haemoglobin in male HD group which was statistically significantly higher in the HD group (16.33 g/dL) compared to the control group (15.00 g/dL). As the mean and individual haemoglobin values were within the range of historical control data (14.2 to 19.0 g/dL), the finding was not considered adverse.
The mean PT and aPTT values in males and females were not statistically significantly different in test item groups compared to the corresponding control group.


Clinical Biochemistry
In males and females, the mean of clinical biochemistry parameters were not statistically significantly different from the corresponding control group, except the mean TBA value in male HD group which was statistically significantly higher (16.91 µmol/L) compared to the control group (8.43 µmol/L). The TBA value was also markedly higher in the LD group (15.55 µmol/L) and was not statistically significantly different compared to the control group. Thus, there was no dose-response relationship. The mean and individual TBA values were also within the range of historical control data (9.98 to 59.19 µmol/L). Therefore, the finding was not considered adverse.

Urinanalysis
In males and females, the urinalysis indicated no significant differences between the test item and the corresponding control group.

Functional Observations
The functional neurological assessment revealed no significant differences between the control and test item group animals. There were no ophthalmoscopic findings in any of the animals of this study.

Organ Weights
In males, the relative spleen weight was statistically significantly lower in the MD group and epididymides weight was statistically significantly lower in the HD group when compared to the control group. Histopathological examination in HD animals showed no lesions in spleen and epididymides of test item groups. Further, the absolute and relative pituitary gland weights were lower in the LD (-15 to -17 %) and the HD (-16 to -22%) groups attaining statistical significance for absolute pituitary weight in the HD group. There was no dose-response relationship and no macroscopic findings associated with the pituitary gland. Thus, the finding was not considered an adverse effect of test item treatment.
In females, the absolute and relative thymus weight was statistically significantly lower in the HD group; the relative liver weight was statistically significantly higher in the HD group compared to the control group. Histopathologically, there were no lesions in thymus and liver of females and therefore, the organ weight findings were not considered to be adverse.
The thyroid weight of male pups measured on PND 13 was not affected in test item groups compared to control group. The thyroid weight was higher in female pups of the MD and HD group, however not statistically significantly different compared to the control group. Thus, the finding was not considered to be adverse.

Pathology
At necropsy macroscopic findings revealed the following:
Male no. 21 (MD group) Lung: abnormal color, dark, red
Male no. 28 (MD group) Adrenal gland (left sided): foci (2-6 no.s)
Female no. 68 (MD group) -
Female no. 71 (HD group) Lung: abnormal surface, red and lung failed to collapse
Female no. 75 (HD group) Lung: abnormal color, dark
Female no. 77 (HD group) Lung: abnormal color, dark and filled with test item fluid
Female no. 80 (HD group) Lung: failure to collapse
Microscopic examination of these gross lesions could not be attributed to treatment with the test item.

Histopathology
The following animals were found dead during the study:
Male no. 21 (MD group), Day 17:
Organs Related to Moribidity/Death: Lung: abnormal color, dark, red; Foreign material, alveolar, multifocal, grade 1, alveolar hemorrhage, focal, grade 1; interstitial inflammation, multifocal, subacute, grade 2; alveolar macrophages, focal/multifocal, grade 2. Adrenal glands: diffuse hypertrophy, bilateral, grade 2
Cause of Morbidty/Death: Possible aspiration of test item and stress-related findings (adrenal gland)
Female no. 68 (MD group), Day 22; Organs Related to Moribidity/Death: - ; Cause of Morbidty/Death: -
Female no. 71 (HD group), Day 35:
Organs Related to Moribidity/Death: Lung: abnormal surface, red; microemboli, multifocal, grade 4; Stomach: ulceration, forestomach, foal, grade 3; Liver: hepatocellular hypertrophy, centrilobular, grade 3; Necrosis, hepatocellular, multifocal, centrilobular, grade 2; Thymus: lymphoid atrophy, grade 3
Cause of Morbidty/Death: Possible aspiration of test item and shock symptomatic (micro-emboli), stress-related findings (stomach, thymus), Incidental findings in liver
Female no. 75 (HD group), Day 6:
Organs Related to Moribidity/Death: Lung: abnormal color, dark; alveolar hemorrhage, focal, grade 1; alveolar macrophages, focal/multifocal, grade 2; interstitial inflammation, multifocal, subacute, grade 1
Cause of Morbidty/Death: Possible aspiration of test item
Female no. 80 (HD group), Day 27:
Organs Related to Moribidity/Death: Lung: failure to collapse; alveolar edema, grade 3
Cause of Morbidty/Death: Possible aspiration of test item
In addition, female no. 77 (HD group, Day 31) was considered to be an accidental death. The animal died immediately after the dosing. Test item (fluid) release from the lungs was noted.
There was no morphological reason for non-mating of male 8 and 11 with females 48 and 51, respectively. The evaluation of sperm staging, showed no abnormalities in the testes, epididymides and accessory sex glands that could be related to treatment. Single lesions were in the range of control lesions that may be recorded also in control animals.
Beside the lesions noted for decedent animals, there were no findings that distinguished controls from test item-treated animals.
Under the conditions of this study, the test item did not induce lesions. A number of animals died during the study (2 animals in MD and 4 animals is HD). The cause of death was deemed to be related to test item aspiration.
Therefore, based on the pathology evaluation, the NOAEL may be established at 675.50 mg/kg/day bw.

Thyroid Hormone (T4) Analysis
In adult males, the serum level of T4 hormone was higher in the LD (105.94 nmol/L) and the HD (102.46 nmol/L) groups compared to the control group (85.82 nmol/L). As there was no dose-response relationship and mean values in test item groups were not statistically significantly different compared to the control group, these findings were not considered to be adverse.

Estrous Cyclicity
The estrous cyclicity was not affected in test item groups when compared to the control group.

Precoital Interval and Duration of Gestation
The precoital interval and the duration of gestation were not affected in test item groups compared to the control.

Pre- and Postnatal Data
The pre-natal and post-natal parameters including the number of corpora lutea, the number of implantations and the number of live pups were not statistically significantly different in test item groups compared to the control.
The percentage of pre- and post- implantation losses were higher in HD group (10.20% and 24.36, respectively) compared to corresponding control (3.77% and 19.33, respectively). This was due to single female no. 79 whose number of implantation site was lower and the animal did not litter. In absence of associated findings this is assumed to be without relation to the test item.

Reproductive Indices
The copulation, fertility and viability indices were not affected in test item groups compared to the corresponding control group.
The delivery index was lower in HD group i.e., 83% compared to 100% in the control group. This excludes the gravid females (71, 77 and 80) those died during the gestation. The lower delivery index in HD group could be related to test item treatment.

Effect levels (P0)

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day

Based on:

act. ingr.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

clinical signs

mortality

body weight and weight gain

food consumption and compound intake

haematology

clinical biochemistry

urinalysis

organ weights and organ / body weight ratios

gross pathology

histopathology: non-neoplastic

reproductive function (oestrous cycle)

reproductive function (sperm measures)

reproductive performance

other: T4 hormone analysis; Precoital interval and duration of gestation; Pre- and postnatal data

Results: F1 generation

General toxicity (F1)

Clinical signs:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

see Details on results F1: Pup External Findings

Mortality / viability:

mortality observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

see Details on results F1

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

see Details on results F1

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

not examined

Food efficiency:

not examined

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not examined

Ophthalmological findings:

not examined

Haematological findings:

not examined

Clinical biochemistry findings:

not examined

Urinalysis findings:

not examined

Sexual maturation:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

see Details on results F1

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not examined

Gross pathological findings:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

see Details on results F1

Histopathological findings:

not examined

Other effects:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

see Details on results F1: Thyroid Hormone (T4) Analysis, Thyroid Weight on PND 13

Developmental neurotoxicity (F1)

Behaviour (functional findings):

not examined

Developmental immunotoxicity (F1)

Developmental immunotoxicity:

not examined

Details on results (F1)

Litter Data
There were no test item treatment related or statistically significant effects observed in treatment groups on litter data parameters like group mean total number of pups born, number of male pups, number of female pups, sex ratio, number of live pups, still birth, runt on PND 0 as well as number of live pups, male pups, number of female pups and sex ratio on PND 4 and PND 13 when compared with the controls.

Litter Weight Data
There was no test item related effect on pup mean weight, total litter weight, male litter weight, female litter weight on PND 0, PND 4 and PND 13 observed in treatment groups when compared with the controls. There was no statistically significant change in dose groups compared to corresponding controls.

Pup Survival Data
No test item related effect observed on mean mortality of pups between PND 0 - PND 4 and during PND 4-13 in treatment groups when compared to the control group.
A marginally higher mean mortality of pups between PND 0 and PND 4 was observed in the MD group (1.60 %) compared to the control group (0.00 %). This outcome did not achieve statistical significance and was attributed to missing (possible cannibalism) of one each pup of dam no. 63 (pup no.1 went missing on PND 1) and 65 (pup no.1 went missing on PND 1). This resulted in a slightly lower mean viability index (Viability Index (%) = (No. of live offspring at day 4 / No. of live offspring at birth) X 100) for the MD group (98.40 %) compared to the control group (100 %). However, this effect on pup mortality during PND 0-4 in MD group was not considered as related to the treatment with the test item.

Anogenital Distance and Nipple Retention
In males, statistically significant higher group mean absolute and relative anogenital distance observed in LD group when compared with the controls.
In females, statistically significant higher pup weight and cube root of pup weight on the day of anogenital measurement was observed in LD and HD group when compared with the controls. There was no statistically significant effect on group mean absolute anogenital distance and relative anogenital distance in any treatment groups when compared with the controls.
As effect on absolute and relative anogenital distance in male LD group was marginal and due to lack of dose dependency in HD males, these findings have no toxicological relevance. In the light of absence of effect on absolute and relative anogenital distance, effect on female pup weight and cube root of pup weight in LD and HD has no significance for interpretation of anogenital distance (AGD) as AGD is always correlated with cube root of pup body weight, litter size and sex ratio (for data normalization to simulate linear measurement). In male and females, parameters like pup body weight, litter size and sex ratio were not affected in treatment groups in correlation to anogenital distance (AGD) when compared with the controls.
No statistically significant effect of toxicological relevance was observed on nipple retention in the pups of any of the groups when compared with the controls. However group mean number of nipple retention in HD was slightly higher without achieving statistical significance when compared with the controls. In light of absence of effect on other endocrine parameters like AGD and T4 hormone, this effect was considered to be incidental and not related to the treatment with test item.


Thyroid Hormone (T4) Analysis and Pup Thyroid Weight on PND 13
No test item related effect of toxicological relevance or statistical significance was observed on pup thyroid weight and PND 13 pup thyroxine hormone (T4) in the treatment groups except statistically significantly higher PND 13 pup thyroxine hormone (T4) in HD group when compared to the controls. As the measured hormone concentrations with high inter individual variance in 3 females (73, 75 and 76) and are within historical control data range (19.2- 127 nmol/L), this is not considered to be test item related.
Furthermore, as difference was marginal and in the light of absence of statistically significant effect pup thyroid/parathyroid weight, this statistically significantly higher PND 13 pup thyroxine hormone (T4) in HD group was not considered to be adverse.


Pup External Findings
No test item related gross external abnormalities of toxicological relevance on PND 0-12 were observed in the pups of any of the groups. Few specific findings like paleness, apathy (pup no. 12 from dam 43 of control group on PND 1), dark snout (pup no. 6 from dam 47 of control group on PND 0, pup no. 1 from dam no. 58 of LD group on PND 0 and pup no. 1 from dam no. 78 of HD group on PND 0), dark skin area on head (pup no. 1 from dam 61 of MD group on PND 0) and bite wound on tail, dark tail tip and swollen tail (pup no. 6 from dam 78 of HD group between PND 0-12) were observed. There was also incidental flattened abdomen observed in few pups found dead/still born on PND 0 (pup no. 13-15 from dam no. 43 of control group and pup no. 10-11 from dam no. 51 of LD).
The external finding like slight alopecia on back (pup no. 1-8, 10-12 from dam no. 68 of MD group) and absent tail tip, slightly swollen tip (pup no. 6 from dam no. 78 of HD group) at death/terminal sacrifice on PND 13 was considered to be spontaneous and not related to test item treatment.

Effect levels (F1)

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Generation:

F1

Effect level:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day

Based on:

act. ingr.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

viability

sexual maturation

clinical signs

mortality

gross pathology

other: litter data, litter weight data, thyroid hormone (T4) analysis and thyroid weight

Overall reproductive toxicity

Reproductive effects observed:

no

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

On the basis of this combined repeated dose oral toxicity and reproduction/ developmental toxicity screening test with Sodium oleylamphopolycarboxyglycinate (1,3 -Propanediamine, N1 -(3 -aminopropyl)-N3 -[3 -[(9Z)-9 -octadecen-1 -ylamino]propyl]-, N-(carboxymethyl) derivs., sodium salts with CAS no 2060541 -49 -1) in male and female Wistar rats with dose levels of 100, 300, and 1000 mg/kg body weight day the following conclusions can be made:

- There was one mortality observed in the study (male no. 25 of MD group) on premating day 18 and one male (male no. 34 of HD group) was sacrificed in moribund condition on premating day 15 due to animal welfare reasons. Histopathologically cause of mortality or morbidity was not evident in both males.
- No adverse effects of test item were found on male and female clinical observations, functional observations, body weight development, food consumption, estrous cyclicity, litter data, litter weight data, precoital interval and duration of gestation, pre and post-natal data, reproductive indices, pup survival data, anogenital distance and nipple retention, pup thyroid weight and thyroid hormone analysis in parental males and pups sacrificed on PND 13, pup external findings, haematology and coagulation, clinical biochemistry, urinalysis, gross macroscopic findings at necropsy, organ weights and histopathology in all treatment groups.

The NOAEL of Sodium oleylamphopolycarboxyglycinate (1,3 -Propanediamine, N1 -(3 -aminopropyl)-N3 -[3 -[(9Z)-9 -octadecen-1 -ylamino]propyl]-, N-(carboxymethyl) derivs., sodium salts with CAS no 2060541 -49 -1) in this study for general toxicity and reproductive toxicity screening is considered to be 1000 mg/kg bw/day.

Executive summary:

The aim of this study was to assess the possible effects of Sodium oleylamphopolycarboxyglycinate (1,3 -Propanediamine, N1 -(3 -aminopropyl)-N3 -[3 -[(9Z)-9 -octadecen-1 -ylamino]propyl]-, N-(carboxymethyl) derivs., sodium salts with CAS no 2060541 -49 -1) on male and female fertility and embryofetal development after repeated dose administration in Wistar rats.

The test item was administered daily in graduated doses to 3 groups of test animals, one dose level per group for a treatment period of 69 days, i.e. during 20 days of pre-mating and maximum 14 days of mating in both males and females, during the gestation period and up to post-natal day 12 in females. Males were dosed after the mating period until the minimum total dosing period of 37-38 days were completed. Animals of an additional control group were handled identically as the dose groups but received aqua ad iniectabilia (sterile water), the vehicle used in this study. The 4 groups comprised 10 male and 10 femaleWistarrats.Before dosing all females were screened for two weeks for regular estrous cyclicity and animals (10 females/ group) with regular estorus cycle (4-5 day cycle) were used in the study.

The following doses were evaluated:

Control (C):                 0           mg/kg body weight/day

Low Dose (LD):          100    mg/kg body weight/day

Medium Dose (MD):   300  mg/kg body weight/day

High Dose (HD):         1000  mg/kg body weight/day

The test item formulation wasat least once every ten days. The test item was dissolved in aqua ad iniectabilia and administered daily during 20 days of pre-mating and 14 days of mating in both male and female animals, during the gestation period and up to post-natal day 12 in females. Males were dosed for 37-38 days. Dose volumes were adjusted individually based on weekly body weight measurements. The administration volume was 5 mL/kg body weight.

During the period of administration, the animals were observed each day for signs of toxicity. Animals that died were examined macroscopically and at the conclusion of the test, surviving animals were sacrificed and observed macroscopically.

Body weight and food consumption were measured weekly, except for food consumption measurements which were not taken during the mating period in female animals and the mating and post-mating period in male animals.

Haematological and clinical biochemistry evaluations were performedon blood samples collected at terminal sacrifice fromfive randomly selected males and females from each group. Urinalysis wasperformedon samples collected at terminal sacrifice fromfive randomly selected males and females from each group.

Functional observations including sensory reactivity to different stimuli, grip strength, motor activity assessments and other behavior observations were performed in the week before the treatment from all animals and in the last week of treatment infive randomly selected males and femalesof each group.

After 14 days of treatment to both male and female, animals were mated (1:1) for a maximum of 14 days. The subsequent morning onwards the vaginal smears of females were checked to confirm the evidence of mating. After the confirmation of the mating, females were separated and housed individually. Each litter was examined as soon as possible after delivery of the dam to establish the number and sex of pups, stillbirths, live births, runts and the presence of gross abnormalities. Live pups were counted, sexed and litters weighed within 24 hours of parturition, on day 4 and day 13 post-partum.

The anogenital distance (AGD) of each pup was measured on PND 0. The number of nipples/areolae in male pups was counted on PND 12. Blood samples from the day 13 pups and the adult males were assessed for serum levels for thyroid hormones (T4).

The males were sacrificed after completion of the mating period on treatment day 38-39 and the females along with their pups were sacrificed on post natal day 13.

The number of implantation sites and corpora lutea was recorded for each parental female at necropsy.

Pups sacrificed on post-natalday 4 or 13 and those found dead, were carefully examined for gross external abnormalities.

A full histopathological evaluation of the preserved tissues was performed on control , high dose and dead animals. These examinations were not extended to animals of all other dosage groups as treatment-related changes were not observed in any organ/tissues of the high dose group. For the testes, a detailed qualitative examination was made taking into account the tubular stages of the spermatogenic cycle at evaluation ofadditional hematoxylin-PAS (Periodic Acid Schiff)stained slides.All gross lesions macroscopically identified were examined microscopically in all animals.

Summary Results

Mortality:

There was one mortality observed in the study (male no. 25 of MD group)on premating day 18and one male (male no. 34 of HD group) was sacrificed in moribund condition on premating day 15 due to animal welfare reasons. Histopathologically cause of mortality or morbidity was not evident in both males.

Clinical Observations:

In terminally sacrificed males, predominant clinical signs observed during the treatment period (premating day 1 to mating/post mating day 14) were moderate salivation and moving the bedding on one day in 1 LD male and on few days in one MD male. Moving the bedding in all HD males and slight to moderately increased salivation in 2 HD males was also observed on few days during premating day 1 to mating and post mating day 14. Abnormal breathing in 2 HD males was observed between premating day 2-10.

In terminally sacrificed females, major clinical signs observed during the treatment period (premating day 1 to PND 12) were moving the bedding in 3 MD (on few occasions between PMD 17 - PND 12) and in all HD animals (between PMD 1 - PND 12 on majority days). A slight to moderately increased salivation was observed in 2 HD group females (few days between PMD 19 and PND 12). There was also moderate piloerection in one MD female on PND 0, slightly reduced spontaneous activity in one LD female on PMD 6 and in 2 HD females (No. 76 on PMD 1 and No. 71 on PMD 1-5 and 9-10), ataxia in one HD female No. 71 on PMD 1-5 and 9-10, abnormal breathing in one HD female on PND 4 and regurgitation of a part of the test item in one MD and HD female (No. 74 on GD 16 of the HD group, No. 62 on PND 11 of the MD group) observed.

None of the females showed signs of abortion or premature delivery.

During the weekly detailed clinical observation, no relevant differences between the groups were found.

Functional Observations:

In males, no relevant effects were observed in any of the parameters of the functional observation battery before and at the end of the treatment period when compared with the controls. There were no biologically relevant differences observed in body temperature between the groups.

In females, statistically significantly lower not supported rearing count in LD and HD groups in the last week of treatment were observed when compared to the controls. Due to lack of dose dependency and consistency, it has no toxicological relevance and could be considered as biological variation. There were no biologically relevant differences in body temperature between the groups.

Body Weight Development:

In both males and females, there was no test item treatment related effect observed on group mean body weight in the male LD, MD and all female treatment groups during the entire study period when compared with the controls. However lower group mean body weight in HD males was observed throughout the study from premating day 7 when compared to the controls but statistical significance was achieved only for group mean body weight on premating day 7 and 14. In females, no relevant effect on group mean body weight was observed in treatment groups throughout the study period when compared with the controls.

In males, statistically significantly lower group mean body weight gain was observed in HD group during premating day 1-7, 7-14, premating day 1- post mating day 18 and premating day 1- terminal sacrifice when compared to the controls (C1). There was statistically significantly higher group mean body weight observed in HD group males during premating day 14-20. In females, statistically significantly higher group mean body weight gain was observed during premating day 14-20 in HD group when compared with the controls. A slight but attenuated mean daily weight gain in female animals of the MD group was also observed during premating day 14 to 20 and not assumed to be toxicologically relevant as absolute body weights were within the normal range of variation throughout the study period and did not differ significantly from the controls.

Food Consumption:

No test item related or statistically significant effect on food consumption was observed in males and females during the whole study period.

Estrus Cyclicity:

Test item had no biologically significant effect on the estrous cycle analysed during premating period after the first administration in treatment groups when compared to the controls. There were no considerable differences in the length or sequence of cycle stages between the treatment groups and the control group.

Litter Data:

There were no test item treatment related or statistically significant effects observed in treatment groups on litter data parameters like group mean total number of pups born, number of male pups, number of female pups, sex ratio, number of live pups, still birth, runt on PND 0 as well as number of live pups, male pups, number of female pups and sex ratio on PND 4 and PND 13 when compared with the controls.

Litter Weight Data:

There was no test item related effect on pup mean weight, total litter weight, male litter weight, female litter weight on PND 0, PND 4 and PND 13 observed in treatment groups when compared with the controls. There was no statistically significant change in dose groups compared to corresponding controls.

Precoital Interval and Duration of Gestation:

There was no test item related or statistically significant effect observed on the duration of precoital interval and the duration of gestation in the dose groups when compared to the control group.

Pre and Post-Natal Data:

There were no test item treatment related or statistically significant effects observed on the number of corpora lutea, implantation sites, live pups on PND 0, 4 and 13, percent preimplantation loss and post implantation loss in treatment groups when compared with the control group.

Reproductive Indices:

There were no test item related effects on the reproductive indices (copulation, fertility, delivery and viability indices) in the dose groups when compared to the control group.

Pup Survival Data:

No test item related or statistically significant effect on pup mortality was observed during PND 0-4 and or PND 4-13 in treatment groups when compared to the control group.

Anogenital Distance and Nipple Retention:

In males, statistically significant higher group mean absolute and relative anogenital distance observed in LD group when compared with the controls.

In females, statistically significant higher pup weight and cube root of pup weight on the day of anogenital measurement was observed in LD and HD group when compared with the controls. There was no statistically significant effect on group mean absolute anogenital distance and relative anogenital distance in any treatment groups when compared with the controls. No statistically significant effect of toxicological relevance was observed on nipple retention in the pups of any of the groups when compared with the controls.

Thyroid Hormone (T4) Analysis:

No test item related effect of toxicological relevance or statistical significance was observed on pup thyroid weight, male and PND 13 pup thyroxine hormone (T4) in the treatment groups except statistically significantly higher PND 13 pup thyroxine hormone (T4) in HD group when compared to the controls.

Pup External Findings:

No test item related gross external abnormalities of toxicological relevance on PND 0-12 were observed in the pups of any of the groups.

Haematology and Coagulation:

In males sacrificed at the end of treatment period, no test item related adverse effects were observed for haematological parameters in treatment groups when compared to the control group. However, statistically significantly higher reticulocytes count in HD was observed when compared with the controls..

In females sacrificed at the end of treatment period, no test item related effect or statistically significant effect observed on any of the haematology parameters. However, statistically significantly lower reticulocytes count in MD and HD was observed when compared with the controls.

No test item related effect was observed on coagulation parameters in males and females when compared with the respective controls.

Clinical Biochemistry:

In males and females sacrificed at the end of treatment period, no test item related or statistically significant effect on any clinical biochemistry parameter in treatment groups was observed when compared with the respective controls except statistically significantly higher group mean alkaline phosphatase in HD group females were observed when compared with the controls.

Urinalysis:

The urinalysis performed in selected male and female animals sacrificed at the end of treatment period revealed no test item treatment related effect and all urinary parameters were in the normal range of variation. Slightly high protein levels were found in the urine of few male and females of all groups including control group.

Pathology:

Few specific macroscopic changes like lung failure to collapse (MD found dead male no. 25), fluid filled cyst on the right kidney with a diameter of 0.4 cm (MD terminally sacrificed male no. 22) and small thymus (HD found dead male no. 34) were recorded in the male animals, which based on microscopic examination were not considered to be of test item treatment relevance.No macroscopic findings were recorded in any female animal.

Organ Weight:

In males, statistically significantly higher relative (to body weight) liver weights in HD group were observed when compared with the controls. There was also higher relative spleen weight, higher absolute and relative thyroid/ parathyroid weight and higher relative kidney weights in HD group was observed without achieving statistical significance when compared with the controls.

In females, there were no statistically significant differences in the absolute and relative organ weights of the dose groups when compared to the control group. However, higher relative kidney weights in HD group, lower absolute and relative thyroid/ parathyroid weight in LD, MD and HD group and lower absolute and relative uterus with cervix weight in HD group was observed without achieving statistical significance.

 

Histopathology:

In decedents (male no. 25 and 34), all histopathological findings recorded were deemed incidental or were within the range of background alterations that may be recorded in Wistar rats. In terminally sacrificed animals, in the stomach of some animals from the control and high dose group squamous hyperplasia, minimal to slight hyperkeratosis and minimal to slight mixed cell infiltrates were recorded. The observed gastric changes were located mostly at the limiting ridge and were considered most likely incidental. However, a mechanical irritation of the applied bolus or a direct action of the applied test item cannot be fully excluded. There was no histological evidence of toxicity in the reproductive organs and tissues including testes, epididymides, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, coagulating glands, ovaries, uterus, cervix, and vagina. For Sperm staging evaluations the testes were checked on completeness of cell populations, completeness of stages and degenerative changes. No treatment-related effects on the testicular histomorphology were observed. Further, no treatment-related effect on interstitial cell structure was noticed. In conclusion, under the conditions of this study, there were neither macroscopic lesions nor histological changes that could be clearly attributed to treatment with test item.

Dose Formulation Analysis:

Dose formulation analysis for nominal concentration revealed that nominal concentrations for all formulations were confirmed throughout the study period as measured concentrations were within acceptance criterion of 15%.

Conclusion

On the basis of this combined repeated dose oral toxicity and reproduction/ developmental toxicity screening test withSodium oleylamphopolycarboxyglycinatein male and femaleWistarrats with dose levels of 100, 300, and 1000 mg/kg body weight day the following conclusions can be made:

-   There was one mortality observed in the study (male no. 25 of MD group)on premating day 18and one male (male no. 34 of HD group) was sacrificed in moribund condition on premating day 15 due to animal welfare reasons. Histopathologically cause of mortality or morbidity was not evident in both males.

-   No adverse effects of test item were found on male and female clinical observations, functional observations, body weight development, food consumption, estrous cyclicity, litter data, litter weight data, precoital interval and duration of gestation, pre and post-natal data, reproductive indices, pup survival data, anogenital distance and nipple retention, pup thyroid weight and thyroid hormone analysis in parental males and pups sacrificed on PND 13, pup external findings, haematology and coagulation, clinical biochemistry, urinalysis, gross macroscopic findings at necropsy, organ weights and histopathology in all treatment groups. 

The NOAEL of Sodium oleylamphopolycarboxyglycinate (1,3 -Propanediamine, N1 -(3 -aminopropyl)-N3 -[3 -[(9Z)-9 -octadecen-1 -ylamino]propyl]-, N-(carboxymethyl) derivs., sodium salts with CAS no 2060541 -49 -1) in this study for general toxicity and reproductive toxicity screening is considered to be 1000 mg/kg bw/day.