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EC number: 206-674-4 | CAS number: 366-18-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to reproduction
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to reproduction
- Remarks:
- other: In vitro mechanistical study on oviductal function impairment
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- unsuitable test system
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Pyridines in cigarette smoke inhibit hamster oviductal functioning in picomolar doses
- Author:
- Riveles K, Iv M, Arey J, Talbot P
- Year:
- 2 003
- Bibliographic source:
- Reprod Toxicol. 2003, 17(2):191-202; PMID: 12642152
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- From female golden hamsters, oviducts and ovaries were removed on day 5 of the estrous cycle and oocyte cumulus complexes (OCC) were recovered from the ovaries.
OOCYTE PICK UP ASSAY
The infundibula were dissected from the oviducts and placed into a perfusion chamber with the test item solution under a microscope. An OCC was placed at the base of the infundibulum and the time needed to traverse a defined length to the ostrium was measured.
CILIARY BEAT FREQUENCY ASSAY
Ciliary beat frequency was measured using hamster oviduct explants, which were placed in perfusion chambers containing the test item and being filmed with a video camera recording a defined number of frames per second. The number of frames per ciliary beat was measured and converted to beats per second.
INFUNDIBULAR MUSCLE CONTRACTION ASSAY
Muscle contraction of the infundibulum in a perfusion chamber with the test item was recorded using a microscope with attached video camera and measured on the monitor. This distance was then converted to actual distance by comparison to a micrometer placed under the microscope. - GLP compliance:
- no
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2,2'-bipyridyl
- EC Number:
- 206-674-4
- EC Name:
- 2,2'-bipyridyl
- Cas Number:
- 366-18-7
- Molecular formula:
- C10H8N2
- IUPAC Name:
- 2,2'-bipyridine
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): 2,2-bipyridine
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- hamster
- Strain:
- other: Golden hamster
- Sex:
- female
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- other: in vitro immersion of oviducts into test item solution
- Vehicle:
- physiological saline
- Remarks:
- Earle's Balanced Salt Solution (EBSS)
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- no
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- The parts of the oviducts under examination were immersed in perfusion chambers containing EBSS and 2,2'-bipyridine.
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- 0.1 pM - 0.1 M
Basis:
nominal conc.
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 6-10 measurements were performed per concentration
- Control animals:
- yes
Results and discussion
Results: P0 (first parental generation)
Details on results (P0)
Overall reproductive toxicity
- Reproductive effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: LOAEL and efficacy of 2,2’-bipyridine on the oviduct measuring oocyte pick-up rate, ciliary beat frequency, and infundibular smooth muscle contraction rate
Effect measured |
LOAEL [mol/L] |
Inhibition at LOAEL [%] |
oocyte pick-up rate |
8.74 * 10-4 |
54.75 |
ciliary beat frequency |
8.74 * 10-2 |
24.86 |
infundibular smooth muscle contraction rate |
8.74 * 10-2 |
56.67 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The test item 2,2'-bipyridine, when applied directly on the oviduct of female hamsters inhibits oviductal functioning. The LOAELs were determined to be 8.74 * 10^(-4) M (55% inhibition of oocyte transport), and 8.74 * 10^(-2) M (25% inhibition of ciliar movement and 57% inhibition of infundibular muscle contraction).
- Executive summary:
The effect of 2,2’-bipyridine on oviductal function impairment was tested with 3 in vitro assays using female hamster oviducts. Measured parameters included oocyte pick-up rate, ciliary beat frequency and infundibular smooth muscle contraction rate.
Consecutive dosing in the range of 0.1 pM to 0.1 M was used to determine the concentration that caused effects in the three bioassays. For treatment with 2,2’-bipyridine, the LOAEL was determined to be 8.74 * 10 -4 M in the oocyte pick-up assay, and 8.74 * 10 -2 M in the two other assays (Ciliary Beat Frequency and Infundibular Muscle Contraction Assay).
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