Lubricating oils, used, vacuum distd.

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

Started: october 11, 2010. Ended: october 13, 2010

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

The test was performed using only one strain (strain TA 98) because it is reported to be the most sensitive to hydrocarbon mutagens. Deviations to the standard Salmonella assay allow a more reliable evaluation of the mutagenicity of a complex petroleum hydrocarbon mixture: therefore, this aspect was not considered to affect the study reliability.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2010

Report date:

2010

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

The test was performed according to ASTM E 1687 Guideline

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The method for mutagenicity testing of mineral oils provides two fundamental modifications to the Ames procedure:
- a preliminary solubilization of the oil in cyclohexane to facilitate extraction of highly viscous or solid samples, followed by DMSO extraction;
- substitution of rat liver S-9 with hamster liver S-9.

GLP compliance:

yes

Remarks:

as reported in the section "test procedure" of the test report released by the Laboratory

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Lubricating oils, used, vacuum distd.

EC Number:

295-422-7

EC Name:

Lubricating oils, used, vacuum distd.

Cas Number:

92045-41-5

IUPAC Name:

Lubricating oils, used, vacuum distillated

Details on test material:

The sample used was identified as FLL-TDA.

Method

Target gene:

TA 98 strain is a frameshift tester strain and it is ampicillin resistant. This strain carries, along with the defect in the histidine gene (His-) a deep rough (rfa) character and an uvrB deletion (uvrB-).

Species / strain

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 98

Metabolic activation:

with

Metabolic activation system:

hamster liver S-9

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

Three dosing solutions were prepared for the test material and reference oil by diluting the extract with DMSO to the appropriate concentrations in 60 mcl dosing aliquots. The test material extract was tested neat and dosed at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 µl per plate in a 60 µl dosing aliquot. The reference oil was diluted 1:4 with DMSO before preparing the dosing solutions. The doses tested were 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 mcl per plate in a 60 µl dosing aliquot.

Vehicle / solvent:

Dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO)
Three extracts of the test material were prepared according to the following procedure: one volume of sample was added to 5 volumes of DMSO in a glass tube and the resulting mixture vortexed continuously for 30 minutes. The phases were separated by centrifugation and the extract (lower phase) removed with a pipet and stored in an amber vial until tested. The test material extracts were tested in triplicate. A reference oil used as a positive control was extracted and tested only once.

Controls

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

Dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO)

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: Reference oil

Evaluation criteria:

The test material is considered positive:
- if the increase in the number of reverted colonies is statistically significant in comparison with the number of control reversions (Student's "t" test);
- if a dose-response can be verified, that is, a positive correlation between the number of reversions and the dose over a range of at least 3 doses (linear regression test);
- even if the statistically significant increase is recorded at one dose only, when confirmed in independent assays.
- if the mutagenicity index (MI) is grater than 1.0.

Statistics:

The mean and standard deviation were calculated for reversions read in each dosage group.
The data for test material were analyzed using a suitable graphics-statistics program, and determining by linear regression analysis the slope of the dose-response curve. This value is the Mutagenicity Index (MI) of the test material.

Results and discussion

Test results

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 98

Metabolic activation:

with

Genotoxicity:

positive

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

not valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

An appreciable increase in the number of reversions in comparison with the vehicle control was evident. The MI was calculated 1.7.

Remarks on result:

other: all strains/cell types tested

Remarks:

Migrated from field 'Test system'.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information):
positive

The extracts of the substance tested with metabolic activation induced a significant increase in the number of reversions in TA 98 Salmonella typhimurium strain.
According to Directive 67/548/EEC and to Regulation (EC) n. 1272/2008, study results indicate that the substance should be classified for genetic toxicity as following:
- category 3 mutagen, R68;
- category 2 mutagen, H341.