Pitch, coal tar, high-temp.

Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods

Administrative data

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: long-term

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Comparable to guideline study, acceptable for assessment

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Soil ecotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in relation to soil sorption, lipophilicity, and water solubility

Author:

Sverdrup L E, Nielsen T, Krogh P H

Year:

2002

Bibliographic source:

Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 2429-2435 (2002)

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

ISO 11267 (Inhibition of Reproduction of Collembola by Soil Pollutants)

GLP compliance:

no

Application method:

soil

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Benzo[def]chrysene

EC Number:

200-028-5

EC Name:

Benzo[def]chrysene

Cas Number:

50-32-8

Molecular formula:

C20H12

IUPAC Name:

benzo[pqr]tetraphene

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

benzo(a)pyrene

IUPAC Name:

benzo(a)pyrene

Details on test material:

Name of test material: benzo(a)pyrene
- Source: Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO
- Purity: >98 %

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
- Vapour pressure: 9.4*10^-4 Pa (at 25 °C)
- Water solubility: 50 - 70 µg/L (20 - 25 °C)
- Henry's law constant: 4.3 Pa*m3/mol (at 25 °C)
- log Pow: 4.3 - 4.5
- pKa: not applicable
- Stability in water: limited due to photolytic decomposition and evaporation
- Stability in light: instable in the presence of UV
- pH dependance on stability: not applicable

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Soil samples of 10, 100, and 1000 mg/kg soil (dw)
Analysis at start and at the end of experiment

Test substrate

Vehicle:

yes

Details on preparation and application of test substrate:

Acetone (4ml) with test substance was added to each container (26g dw soil/ container)
Vehicle control samples: acetone (4ml) without test substance was applied
Evaporation of acetone (fume hood, 24h) before use

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

other: Folsomia fimetaria

Animal group:

Collembola (soil-dwelling springtail)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Source: synchronized animals, no further information
- Age at test initiation (mean and range, SD): 23-26 d
- Weight at test initiation (mean and range, SD): no data

Study design

Study type:

laboratory study

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

21 d

Test conditions

Test temperature:

20 ±1 °C

pH (if soil or dung study):

see details below

Humidity:

50 % of water holding capacity

Photoperiod and lighting:

- Photoperiod: 12:12 h (light:dark)
- Light intensity: 400-800 lux

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test container (material, size): no data
- Amount of soil or substrate: 26g +/- 0.05g artificial soil
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 10 males, 10 females
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 4
- No. of replicates per vehicle control: 4

Artificial soil test substrate: Danish agricultural soil (Askov, Jutland)
- Composition: Sandy loam
Coarse sand (0.2 – 2 mm) 38.4 %, fine sand (0.063 – 0.2 mm) 23.6 %, coarse silt (0.02 – 0.063 mm) 10.0 %, fine silt (0.002 – 0.02 mm) 12.3 %,
clay (<0.002 mm) 13 %, humus 2.8 %,
Organic carbon content: 1.6 %,
Soil pH 6.2, no adjustment
Density 1.135 g/cm3,
Cation exchange capacity 8.14 meq/100 g
Samples were sieved through a 2 mm mesh before use

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 12/12 h (light/dark)
- Light intensity: 400-800 lux

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: Mortality, reproduction at end of exposure time (21 d)

VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: yes (details see above)

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal: 3, 10, 30, 100, 300, and 1000 mg/kg soil (dw)
Measured for 10, 100, and 1000 mg/kg soil (dw), recovery: 8.3, 79, and 840 mg/kg soil (dw) prior to exposure
Ratio measured/ nominal concentrations: 81.7 %

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

> 840 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Effect concentrations 2

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 840 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Details on results:

Measured concentrations of test substance after test period (21 d):

10 mg/ kg soil (dw) nominal: 5.8 mg/ kg soil (dw)
100 mg/ kg soil (dw) nominal: 66 mg/ kg soil (dw)
1000 mg/ kg soil (dw) nominal: 840 mg/ kg soil (dw)

Ratio measured/ nominal concentrations: 69.2 %

Reported statistics and error estimates:

EC10 values (reproduction): estimated by logistic regression by SAS/STAT PROCLIN
LC50 values (mortality): estimated using probit analysis in SAS/STAT