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Environmental fate & pathways

Biodegradation in water: screening tests

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Reference
Endpoint:
biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
02 August 2012 - 07 September 2012
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: GLP compliant study conducted in accordance with international guidelines.
Justification for type of information:
1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
Common functional groups and similar composition.

EP-4000s and the registered substance are very similar. They are UVBC substances and both are oligomeric reaction products of 4,4'-propane-2,2-diyldiphenol and 2-methyloxirane and 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane where constituents are structurally related. EP-4000s contains less than 0.1% monochlorinated constituents while the registered substance contains approximately 10% monochlorinated constituents. As these are otherwise structurally similar to other constituents it can be reasonably expected that EP-4000s and the registered substance will have essentially the same properties.

2. SOURCE AND TARGET CHEMICAL(S) (INCLUDING INFORMATION ON PURITY AND IMPURITIES)

EP4000s:
Purity 79.7-90%, 3 main components F, E, C
Impurities:
5 known by-products 18%
6 unknown impurities 2.4%
Water 0.1%
Chlorinated impurities <0.1%

Aliphaticdiol diglycidyl ether:
Purity 92.57%, 3 main components F, E, C
Impurities:
5 known by-products (same identity as EP-400s) 14.37%
Water none
Two new impurities (I and J) 10.48% in total

Further details are provided in Section 13 Assessment Reports

3. ANALOGUE APPROACH JUSTIFICATION

EP-4000s was tested and found to be not readily biodegradable. The introduction of one chlorine atom to the chemical structure will not affect the biodegradation properties as the molecular backbone of the components are still the same. Furthermore, there was 0% biodegradation over 28 days for Aliphaticdiol diglycidyl ether, so even if the chlorinated portion of the mixture did biodegrade completely, the 60% degradation criteria would still not be passed.

Conclusion – no new information would be gained by test Aliphaticdiol diglycidyl ether for ready biodegradability – accept classification as not readily biodegradable.

4. DATA MATRIX

Not applicable – read across based on similar composition.
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across source
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
Deviations:
no
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
EU Method C.4-D (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Manometric Respirometry Test)
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Oxygen conditions:
aerobic
Inoculum or test system:
activated sludge, domestic (adaptation not specified)
Details on inoculum:
- Source of inoculum/activated sludge (e.g. location, sampling depth, contamination history, procedure): A sample of activated sludge was obtained from sewage treatment works which treats predominantly domestic waste. At the time of collection, the sludge was sieved (1 mm2) then transported to the laboratory and left to stand for approximately 30 minutes to allow the sewage solids to settle.
A portion of the supernatant was removed and the sludge aerated until required.

- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: Aliquots (10 mL) of the sludge were filtered and dried again at approximately 105°C for one hour, allowed to cool in a desiccator and reweighed. The mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) content of the sludge was then determined and the volume required to give a solids level of 30 mg/L in test cultures was calculated. This was added to bottles one day before test initiation to allow a period of ageing.

- Concentration of sludge: 30 mg/L

- Type and size of filter used, if any: Whatman GF/C filters
Duration of test (contact time):
28 d
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
O2 consumption
Details on study design:
TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: mineral salts prepared from solutions of:
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate
di-Potassium hydrogen phosphate
di-Sodium monohydrogen phosphate dihydrate
Ammonium chloride
Magnesium sulphate heptahydrate
Calcium chloride dihydrate
Iron (III) chloride hexahydrate

- Test temperature: 20.0 to 24.4 °C
- pH: at the start of the test - between 7.36 and 7.38, at the end of the test - between 7.38 and 7.56
- pH adjusted: no

TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: amber glass culture bottles
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2 for the blank-control, 2 for the test substance, 1 for the reference substance and 1 for the inhibition assay
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: stirring
- Measuring equipment: respirometer
- Test performed in open system: no

CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: yes

Reference substance:
benzoic acid, sodium salt
Test performance:
The blank-corrected oxygen demanded by the culture containing the reference substance had achieved 16.40 mgO2/500 mL or 66% of the ThOD (25 mgO2/500 mL) after 3 days of incubation and 22.04 mgO2/500 mL or 88% by Day 28.

In the presence of EP-4000S, degradation of sodium benzoate had achieved 65% by Day 4.
Cumulative levels of oxygen consumption by the controls after 28 days (14.20 and 17.26 mgO2/500 mL, equivalent to 28.40 and 34.52 mgO2/L) were considered to be acceptable for this assay system.

There was no significant oxygen consumption in mixtures containing EP-4000S above that of the control mixtures during the test (at most, 0.03 mgO2/500 mL).

Substances are considered to be readily biodegradable in this type of test if oxygen consumption is equal to or greater than 60% of the ThOD of the mixtures within ten days of the consumption achieving 10%. Therefore, EP-4000S was not considered to be readily biodegradable under the conditions of this test.

These results confirm that EP-4000S was not inhibitory to the activity of the microbial inoculum and that the test was valid.
Parameter:
% degradation (O2 consumption)
Value:
ca. 0
Sampling time:
28 d
Details on results:
There was no significant oxygen consumption in mixtures containing EP-4000S above that of the control mixtures during the test (at most, 0.03 mgO2/500 mL).
Substances are considered to be readily biodegradable in this type of test if oxygen consumption is equal to or greater than 60% of the ThOD of the mixtures within ten days of the consumption achieving 10%. Therefore, EP-4000S was not considered to be readily biodegradable under the conditions of this test.
Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Interpretation of results:
under test conditions no biodegradation observed
Conclusions:
Not readily biodegradable

Description of key information

Aliphaticdiol diglycidyl etheris not considered to be readily biodegradable.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Biodegradation in water:
under test conditions no biodegradation observed

Additional information

A ready biodegradability screening test was conducted (Huntingdon Life Sciences,2012) to assess the potential for EP-4000S to be degradaed over a 28 -day period. The study was performed according to OECD test guideline 301F (Ready Biodegradability, Manometric Respirometry Test) and in compliance with GLP. There was no significant oxygen consumption in mixtures containing EP-4000S above that of the control mixtures during the test (at most 0.03 mgO2/500 mL). Substances are considered to be readily biodegradable in this type of test if oxygen consumption is equal to or greater than 60% of the ThOD of the mixtures within ten days of the consumption achieving 10%. Therefore, EP-4000S was not considered to be readily biodegradable under the conditions of this test.

The result of not readily biodegradable for EP-4000s will be read across to Aliphaticdiol diglycidyl ether.

Justification for read across justification - EP-4000s and Aliphaticdiol diglycidyl ether are very similar substances. They are UVBC subtances and both are oligomeric reaction products of 4,4'-propane-2,2-diyldiphenol and 2-methyloxirane and 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane where consituents are structurally related. EP-4000s contains less than 0.1% monochlorinated consitiuents while Aliphaticdiol diglycidyl ether contains approximately 10% monochlorinated constituents, but as these are otherwise structurally similar to other constituents it can be reasonably expected that EP-4000s and Aliphaticdiol diglycidyl ether will have essentially the same properties. EP-4000s was tested and found to be not readily biodegradable.  The introduction of one chlorine atom to the chemical structure will not affect the biodegradation properties as the molecular backbone of the components are still the same. Furthermore, there was 0% biodegradation over 28 days for EP-4000s, so even if the chlorinated portion of the mixture did biodegrade completely, the 60% degradation criteria would still not be passed.

 

Conclusion – no new information would be gained by test Aliphaticdiol diglycidyl ether for ready biodegradability – accept classification as not readily biodegradable.