Sodium p-cumenesulphonate

Developmental toxicity / teratogenicity

Administrative data

Endpoint:

developmental toxicity

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2020

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 414 (Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

see "principle of methods if other than guideline"

Principles of method if other than guideline:

There was one deviation from the test guideline OECD 414 during the main study. Guideline requires external fetal sex to be compared with internal sex in all foetuses (examined for both skeletal and soft tissue malformations). External fetal sex was compared with internal sex only in foetuses examined for soft tissue malformations, in foetuses examined for skeletal malformations it was not possible. The viscera of these foetuses were carefully removed by a very small incision from the abdominal cavity to stain the entire skeleton. This deviation from the test guideline did not affect the reliability of the study.

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Sodium p-cumenesulphonate

EC Number:

239-854-6

EC Name:

Sodium p-cumenesulphonate

Cas Number:

15763-76-5

Molecular formula:

C9H12O3S.Na

IUPAC Name:

sodium 4-isopropylbenzenesulfonate

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

other: Wistar CRL

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

Species: Albino laboratory rat
Selection of animal species: Laboratory rat has been chosen because our testing laboratory has long experience with this species and therefore the historical data on key parameters are available and because rat is recommended according to the OECD 414 guideline.
Strain: Wistar CRL (SPF quality - guaranteed)
Supplier: Charles River SPF breeding, supplied via VELAZ s.r.o., Lysolajské údolí 15/53, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic, RČH CZ 11760500
Sex: Sexually adult females and males
Age at start of the study: Dose-range finding experiment: 12 weeks, Main study: 12 weeks
Acclimatization: Dose-range finding experiment: 6 days, Main study: 6 days
Total number of animals: Dose-range finding experiment: total number of animals before mating: 24 females and 12 males (6 probably pregnant females per group)
Main study: total number of animals before mating: 100 females and 25 males (23 probably pregnant females per group)
Housing conditions: Dose-range finding experiment and main study: SPF conditions according to internal SOP No. 12
Light cycle: 12 hour light/12 hour dark
Microclimate: 22  3 °C, relative humidity 30 – 70 %
Animal per cage: Before mating 2 rats of the same sex in one cage, during mating period – one male and two females in one cage were housed. Pregnant females were then placed individually.
Bedding: Sterilized clean shavings of soft wood or sterilized LIGNOCEL (raw material - spruce; producer: J.Rettenmaier & söhne, Germany).
Food: Complete pelleted diet for rats and mice in SPF breeding (Altromin Spezialfutter) was used.
Manufacturer: Altromin Spezialfutter GmbH & Co. KG, Germany. Diet was sterilized before using.
Water: Free access to drinking water (water ad libitum). Water quality corresponded to Regulation No. 252/2004 Czech Coll. of Law, Health Ministry. Quality standard ČSN 757 111.
Selection of animals: Pregnant females were randomly assigned to the experimental groups after determination of pregnancy.
Identification of animals: The animals were identified by the colour marks (colour for veterinary usage) on their fur, each cage was marked with the number of animals, sex, cage number, name of the test item and dose level of the a.i..

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

other: Aqua pro iniectione

Details on exposure:

The test item has been supplied as ca 40 % w/w Sodium 4-isopropylbenzenesulfonate aqueous solution. Therefore, a dose of 1000 mg of a.i./kg body weight is equivalent to approximately 2500 mg of the test item replenished with aqua pro iniectione to volume 10 mL/kg body weight.

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

Stability and homogeneity of the test item application forms were determined by measuring of a peak area of the test item by a high-performance liquid chromatography based on a method developed at the test facility.
Measuring was performed on two concentrations of application form: 10 mg of a.i./10 mL and 1000 mg of a.i./10 mL.

Homogeneity
The samples were taken after 20 minutes of mixing by magnetic stirrer (500 rpm) from 3 given places - the bottom, the middle and the surface of the beaker content for the determination of homogeneity of both application forms. Two samples were taken from each place.

Stability
The samples were taken from the middle of the beaker content at required time intervals (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes) for the determination of stability of both application forms. Two samples were taken at all time intervals.
Time interval 0 min represents for both concentration levels the time after 20 minutes of mixing by magnetic stirrer at 500 rpm.

Details on mating procedure:

After acclimatization females were mated with males (1 male and 2 females). Vaginal smears were carried out daily in the morning to control fertilization (first time: 24 hours after the first removing to male). Presence of sperm was examined. Day 0 of pregnancy was the day on which sperm in vaginal smears were observed. Pregnant females were randomly distributed to experimental groups.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Exposition lasted from implantation (the 5th day after fertilization) to one day prior to the day of scheduled euthanasia (the 19th day after fertilization). Male rats serve only for mating (they were not administered the test item or examined)
The test item was administered in graduated dose levels of a.i. to pregnant females from implantation (gestation day 5) to one day prior to the day of scheduled euthanasia (gestation day 19). The application form (test item in aqua pro iniectione) was administered to the stomach by gavage. The vehicle control group was administered by aqua pro iniectione in the same volume by gavage. The a.i. concentration at single dose level was adjusted so that the administered volume was constant at all dose levels – 1 ml/100 g body weight.

Frequency of treatment:

The animals were treated 7 days per week at the same time (8.00 – 10.00 am).

Duration of test:

05.10. –21.10.2020

Doses / concentrations

Doses / concentrations 1

Dose / conc.:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Remarks:

based on active ingredient

Doses / concentrations 2

Dose / conc.:

500 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Remarks:

based on active ingredient

Doses / concentrations 3

Dose / conc.:

250 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Remarks:

based on active ingredient

Doses / concentrations 4

Dose / conc.:

0 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

No. of animals per sex per dose:

Total number of animals: 24 females + 12 males (6 females and 3 males per dose-group)

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

Vaginal smears: daily in mating period. These smears were stained and examined microscopically for presence of spermatozoa. Day 0 of pregnancy was the day when sperm were observed.
Body weight: on the 1st, 5th, 8th, 11th, 14th, 17th and 20th day of pregnancy
Food consumption: on the 5th, 8th, 11th, 14th, 17th and 20th day of pregnancy
Mortality control: daily - during the acclimatization, mating and pregnancy
Health condition control: daily - during the acclimatization, mating and pregnancy
General clinical observations: daily - during the administration period
Laboratory examinations:
- biometry of organs: on the 20th day of pregnancy
- biometry of thyroid gland: after fixation
- pathological examination of females: on the 20th day of pregnancy
- pathological examination of foetuses and AGD measuring: on the 20th day of pregnancy
- microscopical examination: after processing of selected foetuses
- histopathological examination of thyroid gland: after processing
- determination of thyroid hormones: after sampling of all samples

Examinations

Maternal examinations:

The body weight of pregnant females was recorded on automatic balances with group mean computing module. First weighing was performed on the 1st day of pregnancy and then on the 5th, 8th, 11th, 14th, 17th and 20th day of pregnancy.
Food consumption was determined at three-day intervals; it coincided with the terms of body weight recording.

Mortality of females
All rats were examined for vitality or mortality changes daily during the acclimatization, mating and pregnancy.

Health condition control of females
The health condition was controlled daily during the acclimatization period, during the mating period and during pregnancy. Pre-experimental control of all females was performed to ensure that only the females exhibiting normal behavioral activity would be entered into the study. In administration period this observation was performed before application and immediately after application.

Clinical observations of the females
During the administration period clinical observation was made in order to record possible clinical effects of the test item application and all changes in behaviour of females. Females were observed in natural conditions in their cages after application, once a day 3 hours after test item application each day.

Thyroid Hormones
Blood samples from the pregnant females were assessed for serum levels of thyroid hormones (T3 - Triiodothyronine, T4 - Thyroxine, TSH- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) by ELISA kits (manufacturer BioVendor, Brno, Czech Republic).

Biometry and histopathological examination of thyroid gland
During macroscopic examination the thyroid glands were removed from all pregnant females and were preserved in fixation medium. The thyroid weights were determined after fixation. For histopathological processing the routine histological paraffin technique with synoptic haematoxylin-eosin staining was used. The histopathology of thyroid glands was performed in all groups

Ovaries and uterine content:

Biometry of uterus and macroscopical examination of females
On the 20th day of pregnancy the females were euthanized. The revision of the external surface of the body was performed. During macroscopy, all orifices, the cranial, thoracic and abdominal cavities were examined and uterus (incl. the cervix) was removed and weighed. In gravid uteri, the number of viable foetuses, number of dead foetuses, number of early resorption (implantation without recognizable embryo/foetus) and number of late resorption (dead embryo or foetus with external degenerative changes) were recorded. The numbers of corpora lutea of both ovaries were recorded.
Uteri of non-pregnant females were examined to confirm the non-pregnant status (by the help of ammonium sulphide staining according to the internal SOP M/6 - Prenatal Developmental Toxicity).

Reproduction parameters
In uteri, the number of viable foetuses, number of dead foetuses and number of resorptions (implantation without recognizable embryo/foetus or dead embryo or foetus with external degenerative changes) were recorded. Number of corpora lutea on ovaries was also recorded. Preimplantation and postimplantation losses were calculated from number of implantations (number of foetuses plus number of resorptions), corpora lutea and resorptions.

Fetal examinations:

Pathological examination of foetuses and anogenital distance (AGD) measurement
Sex, individual body weights and anogenital distance (AGD) of foetuses were recorded. A digital calliper was used for AGD measurements. Corrected AGD was calculated according to the formula: AGD divided by the cube root of body weight.
Each foetus was examined for external alterations: symmetry of fore and hind limbs, number of fingers, closing or opening of eye fissures and external auditory canal, symmetry of head, integrity of superior palatum, status of umbilicus and genital papilla were observed.
One half of each litter (one half of female and male foetuses) was examined for soft tissue alterations using careful gross dissection.
Second half of each litter was processed and microscopically examined for skeletal alterations according to the internal SOP M/6 - Prenatal Developmental Toxicity. Single staining displayed only ossified skeletal structures was used: the foetuses were fixed in ethanol, macerated in potassium hydroxide solution, stained with Alizarin red and placed in glycerine-based solution.
The skeletal examination was performed using a stereomicroscope and included examination of skull, clavicle, scapula, sternebra and sternum, ribs, vertebrae, pelvic girdle, fore limb/hind limb.

Statistics:

For statistical evaluation the software Statgraphic® Centurion (version XV, USA) was used. The data from control group were compared with data from treated groups.

Indices:

number of corpora lutea, number of implantations, number of resorptions
number of live foetuses (males, females, both sex)
number of dead foetuses

Results and discussion

Results: maternal animals

General toxicity (maternal animals)

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Clinical examinations of treated maternal animals detected no clinical symptoms of toxicity related to treatment with the test item. The behaviour, health condition and clinical status of treated maternal animals were similar compared to the control animals.

Mortality:

no mortality observed

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

The test item had no adverse effect on the growth of maternal animals. The body weight of treated maternal animals increased comparably with controls during pregnancy, and individual variability in body weight increments was normal for the species, sex and age of animals used in the study.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Food consumption of treated mothers was balanced with controls except the statistically significant increase of food consumption in females at the middle dose level from the 11th day up to 14th day of pregnancy. This dose-independent increase in food consumption was not considered to be of toxicological significance.

Haematological findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Haematological examination did not show significant differences between dosed and control group animals.

Behaviour (functional findings):

no effects observed

Gross pathological findings:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Pathological examination of females revealed no pathological finding related to the test item treatment.
Evaluation of uterus weights did not demonstrate a negative effect of the test item treatment. The statistically significantly increased absolute and relative uterine weights were observed in females at the lowest and highest dose levels of a.i.. This increase was noted in relation to higher litter size at the treated groups. The corrected body weight of treated females was very slightly decreased at the dose level 1000 mg of a.i./kg bw/day.

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Absolute and relative weight of thyroid glands, histological examination of thyroid glands and serum levels of thyroid hormones, did not reveal any changes associated with the application of the test item. Histological examination of thyroid glands revealed only unilateral squamous cell cyst in one female at the dose level 250 mg of a.i./kg bw/day and in one female at the dose level 500 mg of a.i./kg bw/day. These findings were not treatment related and were probably of spontaneous origin

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

no effects observed

Maternal developmental toxicity

Number of abortions:

no effects observed

Pre- and post-implantation loss:

no effects observed

Total litter losses by resorption:

no effects observed

Early or late resorptions:

no effects observed

Dead fetuses:

no effects observed

Changes in pregnancy duration:

no effects observed

Changes in number of pregnant:

no effects observed

Effect levels (maternal animals)

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

> 1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect level:

body weight and weight gain

changes in number of pregnant

changes in pregnancy duration

clinical biochemistry

clinical signs

dead fetuses

early or late resorptions

effects on pregnancy duration

gross pathology

haematology

histopathology: non-neoplastic

maternal abnormalities

mortality

necropsy findings

number of abortions

ophthalmological examination

organ weights and organ / body weight ratios

pre and post implantation loss

total litter losses by resorption

Remarks on result:

other: No other remarks

Maternal abnormalities

Abnormalities:

no effects observed

Results (fetuses)

Fetal body weight changes:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Based on a statistical evaluation of mean values of foetal body weight no significant growth retardation was detected in treated groups.

Reduction in number of live offspring:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

The number of live foetuses, early and late intrauterine death were evaluated on the basis of examination of uterus content.
The reproductive parameters (numbers of implantations, corpora lutea and resorptions, preimplantation losses and postimplantation losses) were not adversely affected by the treatment with the test item.
No dead foetus was found in the treated groups. The number of live foetuses was not adversely affected by the treatment with the test item. The total numbers of live foetuses and the average number of foetuses per litter were increased in all treated groups in comparison with control. The average numbers of live male foetuses per litter were statistically significantly increased at dosed groups in comparison with control, but the average numbers of live female foetuses were comparable in all treated groups with control group.

Changes in sex ratio:

no effects observed

Changes in litter size and weights:

no effects observed

External malformations:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

No macroscopic changes of soft tissues and external alteration were found during the pathological examination of the foetuses at all dose levels of a.i..
The mean AGD and corrected AGD of male and female foetuses was comparable between treated and control groups, and therefore, was not affected by the test item application.

Skeletal malformations:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Examination of foetal skeletons indicated mainly delayed development of the skeleton at all dose levels of a.i. as well as in the control group. According to the OECD 414 the litter as the unit for data analysis should be used for statistical evaluation. The statistical evaluation was performed for the number of foetuses with skeletal findings and also for number of litters with skeletal findings in this study. No statistically significant differences with toxicological significance were recorded during the statistical evaluation of the number of foetuses/litters with skeletal findings.

Visceral malformations:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Treatment with the test item was not associated with the occurrence of visceral variations and malformations.

Effect levels (fetuses)

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

> 1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)

Based on:

act. ingr.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

reduction in number of live offspring

changes in sex ratio

fetal/pup body weight changes

changes in litter size and weights

changes in postnatal survival

external malformations

skeletal malformations

visceral malformations

Remarks on result:

other: No other remarks

Fetal abnormalities

Abnormalities:

no effects observed

Overall developmental toxicity

Developmental effects observed:

no

Any other information on results incl. tables

Table 2 Number of Females in Groups

 

Pregnancy results
Group code	Number of females with foetuses	Number of non-pregnant females*	Number of females without live foetuses but with implantations and resorptions
0	21	2 (113, 117)	0
250	22	1 (141)	0
500	23	0	0
1000	22	1 (192)	0

Note:  *numbers in parentheses = individual labels of single animals

           - Only the data from females with live foetuses were used for calculations of means.

 -Data from females with uterus implantations were used for calculation of preimplantation

   (IUDE) and postimplantation (IUDL) losses.

 

4.2. Body Weight of Females

Table 3

Body weight in grams (mean ± standard deviation)
Day of pregnancy	Group code
	0	250	500	1000
1^stday	269.78± 14.61	275.00± 14.33	274.08 ± 12.99	265.71 ± 14.04
5^thday	286.39 ± 16.09	290.47± 13.83	290.17 ± 15.27	282.35 ± 15.25
8^thday	296.65 ± 17.43	301.50 ± 16.15	301.64 ± 16.15	293.96 ± 16.96
11^thday	311.69 ± 17.84	316.35 ± 17.83	318.73 ± 18.10	309.68 ± 19.02
14^thday	326.05 ± 20.79	331.74 ± 21.00	336.07 ± 20.05	324.26 ± 17.15
17^thday	358.78 ± 23.21	369.71 ± 25.87	373.11 ± 27.78	362.45 ± 21.16
20^thday	400.87 ± 30.94	413.99 ± 35.76	414.95 ± 36.48	403.36 ± 25.17
Mean increment	131.09	138.98	140.87	137.65

Note:  Statistically significant differences on probability level 0.05 were not detected.

 

4.3. Food Consumption of Females.

Table 4

Food consumption/animal/day (grams)
Day of pregnancy	Group code
	0	250	500	1000
5^thday	22.18	22.81	22.33	22.33
8^thday	24.19	25.07	26.17	24.58
11^thday	25.47	26.51	28.15	26.89
14^thday	27.43	27.37	29.42	27.72
17^thday	28.64	29.27	30.68	30.08
20^thday	30.47	30.71	32.29	32.07

Note:  Values statistically significant on probability level 0.05 (ANOVA, Multiple Range Tests) areshaded.

 

4.4. Mortality of Females

No unscheduled death of females was recorded during the study.

 

4.5. Health Condition Control of Females

Table 5

Health condition control
Week of pregnancy	Group code
	0	250	500	1000
1^stweek	1	1	1	1
2^ndweek	1	1	1	1
3^rdweek	1	1	1	1

Note:  1– physiological appearance

               

4.6. Clinical Observation of Females

Table 6

Clinical observation
Week of pregnancy	Group code
	0	250	500	1000
1^stweek	1	1	1	1
2^ndweek	1	1	1	1
3^rdweek	1	1	1	1

Note:  1–no clinical signs of intoxication

 

4.7. Pathological Examination of Females

4.7.1. Biometry of uterus

Table 7

Biometry of uterus (mean± standard deviation)
Parameter	Group code
	0	250	500	1000
Mean necropsy body weight of females (g)	400.87 ± 30.94	413.99 ± 35.76	414.95 ± 36.48	403.36 ± 25.17
Mean absolute weight of uterus (g)	79.72 ± 21.52	93.42 ± 21.81	87.15 ± 23.89	89.26± 11.75
Mean relative weight of uterus (%)	19.64 ± 4.31	22.32 ± 4.45	20.74 ± 5.16	22.09 ± 2.31

Note:  Values statistically significant on probability level 0.05 (Kruskal-Wallis Test, Mann-Whitney Test) areshaded.

 

4.7.2. Body weight - corrected

 

Table 8

Body weight - corrected* (mean ± standard deviation)
Parameter	Group code
	0	250	500	1000
Body weight(g)	321.15 ± 15.74	320.57 ± 20.78	327.80 ± 23.58	314.10 ± 19.55

Note:  Statistically significant differences on probability level 0.05 were not detected.

           *body weight correction = necropsy body weight of female – weight of uterus

 

4.7.3. Macroscopic examination

Table 9

Macroscopic findings (number of females with pathological findings)
Parameter	Group code
	0	250	500	1000
Number of examined females	23	23	23	23
Number of died females	0	0	0	0
Without pathological findings	23	23	23	23

 

 

4.8. Reproduction Parameters

4.8.1. Intra uterine death early (IUDE) and intra uterine death late (IUDL)

 

Table 10

Parameters of reproduction (number per female,mean ± standard deviation)
Parameter	Group code
	0	250	500	1000
Implantations	14.14± 3.77	16.23± 3.61	14.96± 4.05	16.00± 2.16
Resorptions	0.57± 0.93	0.45± 0.67	0.35± 0.49	0.50± 0.80
Corpora lutea	14.67± 3.34	16.73± 2.91	15.87± 3.57	16.50± 2.13

Note:  Statistically significant differences on probability level 0.05 were not detected.

 

Table 11

I U D E and I U D L (% per female,mean ± standard deviation)
Parameter	Group Code
	0	250	500	1000
IUDE	5.14± 14.85	4.88± 14.17	6.93± 13.14	3.06± 4.17
IUDL	4.28± 7.15	2.63± 3.87	3.99± 10.41	3.38± 6.01

Note:  Statistically significant differences on probability level 0.05 were not detected.

The mean of preimplantation and postimplantation losses were calculated from individual data of females.

IUDE = Preimplantation losses

IUDL = Postimplantation losses

 

4.9. Biometryof Thyroid Gland

 

Table 12

Weight of thyroid gland  (group mean±standard deviation)
Thyroid gland	Group code
	0	250	500	1000
Absolute weight (g)	0.0312 ± 0.0019	0.0307 ± 0.0020	0.0311 ± 0.0015	0.0317 ± 0.0017
Relative weight (%)	0.0078 ± 0.0009	0.0075 ± 0.0008	0.0075 ± 0.0008	0.0079 ± 0.0006

Note:  Statistically significant differences on probability level 0.05 were not detected

 

4.10. Determination of Thyroid Hormones

 

Table 13

Thyroid hormones (mean concentration ±standard deviation)
Hormone	Group code
	0	250	500	1000
T3(ng/mL)	0.701 ± 0.079	0.679 ± 0.095	0.689 ± 0.068	0.683 ± 0.092
T4(µg%)	2.997 ± 0.641	2.852 ± 0.517	2.825 ± 0.574	2.844 ± 0.387
TSH(ng/mL)	0.773 ± 0.285	0.766 ± 0.384	0.663 ± 0.257	0.844 ± 0.426

Note:  Statistically significant differences on probability level 0.05 were not detected.

 

 

4.12. Examination of Foetuses

4.12.1. Number of foetuses

 

Table 14

Number of foetuses (total in group)
Parameter	Group code
	0	250	500	1000
Total number of live foetuses	285	347	345	341
Number of live foetuses – males	127	191	173	190
Number of live foetuses – females	158	156	172	151
Number of dead foetuses	1	0	0	0

Note:  Values statistically significant on probability level 0.05 (Kruskal-Wallis Test, Mann-Whitney Test) areshaded.

 

 

 

 

Table 15

Number of foetuses (average per litter; mean ±standard deviation)
Parameter	Group code
	0	250	500	1000
Total number of live foetuses	13.57 ± 3.92	15.77 ± 3.53	15.00 ± 4.15	15.50 ± 2.50
Number of live foetuses – males	6.05 ± 3.28	8.68 ± 2.85	7.52 ± 2.59	8.64 ± 2.56
Number of live foetuses – females	7.52 ± 2.80	7.09 ± 2.65	7.48 ± 2.84	6.86 ± 2.47
Number of dead foetuses	0.05 ± 0.22	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00	0.00 ± 0.00

Note:  Values statistically significant on probability level 0.05 (Kruskal-Wallis Test, Mann-Whitney Test) areshaded.

 

4.12.2. Body weight of foetuses

 

Table 16

Body weight of foetuses (grams, mean ±standard deviation)
Parameter	Group code
	0	250	500	1000
weight of all foetues	3.89± 0.83	3.97± 0.74	3.94± 0.74	3.72± 0.41
weight of male foetus	4.01± 0.90	4.05± 0.77	4.02 ± 0.77	3.80± 0.43
weight of female foetus	3.80± 0.83	3.87± 0.71	3.86 ± 0.73	3.60± 0.34

Note:  Statistically significant differences on probability level 0.05 were not detected.

 

4.12.3. Anogenital distance of foetuses (AGD)

 

Table 17

Mean anogenital distance of foetuses (mm)
Group code	0		250		500		1000
Sex	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
Mean AGD (mm)	3.59	2.27	3.67	2.29	3.68	2.25	3.63	2.22
Corrected AGD (mm)	2.27	1.47	2.31	1.47	2.33	1.44	2.33	1.45

Note:  Statistically significant differences on probability level 0.05 were not detected.

 

4.12.4. Pathological examination of external alterations

 

Table 18

External alterations - foetuses
Alteration	Group code
	0	250	500	1000
Total number of examined foetuses	285	347	345	341
Total number of examined litters	21	22	23	22
Dead foetus	1	0	0	0
Foetus without tail, absent end part of the spine	0	0	0	0
Number of examined foetuses in litter (mean ± SD)	13.57 ±3.92	15.77 ±3.53	15.00 ±4.15	15.50 ±2.50
Total number of foetuses with alteration	1*	0	0	0
Number of foetuses with alteration in litter(mean ± SD)	0.05 ±0.22	0.00 ±0.00	0.00 ±0.00	0.00 ±0.00
Portion of foetuses with alteration in litter (% mean ± SD)	0.60 ±2.73	0.00 ±0.00	0.00 ±0.00	0.00 ±0.00

Note:  *dead foetus–autolysis

 

4.12.5. Pathological examination of internal alterations – soft tissues

 

Table 19

Macroscopic changes of soft tissues – individual foetuses
Alteration	Group code
	0	250	500	1000
Total number of examined foetuses	131	160	160	161
Total number of examined litters	21	22	23	22
With pathological findings - total(number of affected foetuses)	0	0	0	0
Number of examined foetuses in litter (mean ± SD)	6.24 ±2.00	7.27 ±1.88	6.96 ±2.03	7.32 ±1.32
Total number of foetuses with alteration	0	0	0	0
Number of foetuses with alteration in litter (mean ± SD)	0.00 ±0.00	0.00 ±0.00	0.00 ±0.00	0.00 ±0.00
Portion of foetuses with alteration in litter (% mean ± SD)	0.00 ±0.00	0.00 ±0.00	0.00 ±0.00	0.00 ±0.00

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

The NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) for TOXICITY in pregnant females is 1000 mg of a.i./kg bw/day.
The NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) for PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT is 1000 mg of a.i./kg bw/day.

Executive summary:

The potential of Sodium p-cumenesulphonate to cause effects on the reproductive performance of rats was assessed following OECD 414, Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study. There were no deaths of females during the study at any dose of a.i. No adverse changes in health condition and no clinical symptoms of intoxication were observed in maternal animals following administration of the test item at any dose. Nor were there any toxicologically significant treatment-related effects on body weight or food consumption in maternal animals. Evaluation of uterus weights did not demonstrate a negative effect of the test item treatment. The statistically significantly increased absolute and relative uterine weights were observed in females at the lowest and highest dose levels of a.i.. This increase was noted in relation to higher litter size at the treated groups. The corrected body weight of treated females was very slightly decreased at the dose level 1000 mg of a.i./kg bw/day. Macroscopic structure of examined organs of pregnant females and reproduction parameters (number of females with live foetuses, number of live and dead foetuses, early and late resorptions)were unaffected by treatment with the test item. Examination of the thyroid glands (absolute and relative weight of thyroid gland, histological examination of thyroid gland and serum levels of thyroid hormones)did not reveal any changes associated with the application of the test item. Test item-related foetal mortality was not evident at any dose level. Detailed necropsy of foetuses did not reveal an increase of external and visceral variations and malformations at any dose of a.i.. Based on statistical evaluation of mean values of foetal body weight, no significant growth retardation was detected in treated groups. The mean AGD and corrected AGD of male and female foetuses in treated groups was not statistically significantly different from the control group. No statistically significant differences with toxicological significance were recorded in number of foetuses and litters during the statistical evaluation of skeletal findings.