Diammonium peroxodisulphate

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1992-09-08 to 1993-04-07

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: FIFRA Guideline 72-1 of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines

Deviations:

no

Principles of method if other than guideline:

NA

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Samples were collected form replicate A of the control and treatment exposure at test start and from replicates B of the control and treatment exposure at test end.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

In a range-finding test, the LC50 was determined between 10 and 100 mg/L. Therefore, nominal concentrations were set at 12.96, 21.6, 36, 60 and 100 mg/L.
Measured concentration (mg/L of ammonium persulfate after 0 and 96 h of exposure:
Nominal concentration / 0 h-exposure / 96 h-exposure / % nominal:
0 / ND / ND / NC
12.96 / 11.9 / 12.8 / 96
21.6 / 20.5 / 22.8 / 100
36 / 34.8 / 38.2 / 101
60 / 59.7 / 61.8 / 101
100 / 98.3 / 101.4 / 100

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Rainbow trout
- Source: Mt. Lassen Trout Farm; Red Bluff CA
- Age at study initiation: juveniles
- Length at study initiation: not indicated
- Weight at study initiation: 0.2 to 0.6 g
- Food type: trout chow

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 22 days at 12 +/- 2 °C in dilution water
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): yes
- Type and amount of food: trout chow
- Feeding frequency: not indicated

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

NA

Hardness:

275 mg/L (as CaCO3)

Test temperature:

12.5 - 13.7 °C

pH:

7.9 - 8.4

Dissolved oxygen:

8.3 - 9.7 mg/L

Salinity:

264 mg/L (as CaCO3)

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal: 0; 12.96; 21.6; 36; 60; 100 mg/L
Measured: 0; 12.4; 21.7; 36,5; 60.8; 99.9 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

Toxicity testing was conducted using 25 L glass exposure chambers. The chambers were filled with 10 L of dilution water or test solution. 10 rainbow trouts were impartially distributed to each of the duplicate control and treatment chambers. The test duration was 96 hours during which the organisms were not fed. A daily photoperiod of 16-hours light and 8-hours dark with a 15 to 30 minute dawn/dusk transition, and water temperature of 12 +/- 2 °C were maintained throughout the test. Water quality were measured daily. Average light intensity over the test system was measured at 0 and 96 hours. Temperature of the water bath containing all test chambers was continuously monitored throughout the test. Test organisms were observed daily for mortality and any behavioural changes, and dead test organisms were removed.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

76.3 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95 % CL: 60.8 to 99.9 mg/L

Details on results:

The 96-hour LC 50 of diammonium persulfate for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was determined to be 76.3 mg/L with a 95 % confidence interval of 60.8 to 99.9 mg/L. A no observed effect concentration (NOEC) could not be determined due to > 10 % mortality at the lowest test concentration.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

NA

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Statistical analyses based on the measured concentrations of test material. The statistical procedure to be used for calculating the LC50 and 95 % confidence limits was developed by Stephan. A no observed effect concentration (NOEC) will be determined from the highest test concentration causing <= 10 % mortality.

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

Table: Mortalities of the rainbow trout (O. mykiss) exposed to ammonium persulfate in a 96 -h static, acute toxicity test:

Mean measured concentration of ammonium persulfate (mg/L)	Cumulative number of dead organisms and percent mortality (parenthetic values)
	24h	48 h	72 h	96 h
0 (control)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
12.4	0 (0)	0 (0)	6 (30)	6 (30)
21.7	0 (0)	0 (0)	4 (20)	6 (30)
36.5	0 (0)	0 (0)	6 (30)	8 (40)
60.8	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (5)	2 (10)
99.9	1 (5)	3 (15)	15 (75)	19 (95)

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Diammonium persulfate was tested in a acute toxicity to fish study according to FIFRA Guideline 72-1. In this test, the LD50 was determined to be 76.3 mg/L.

Executive summary:

Diammonium persulfate was tested for acute toxicity to fish in a 96-h static test according to FIFRA Guideline 72-1. The 96-hour LC 50 of diammonium persulfate for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, was determined to be 76.3 mg/L with a 95 % confidence interval of 60.8 to 99.9 mg/L. A no observed effect concentration (NOEC) could not be determined due to > 10 % mortality at the lowest test concentration.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2000-01-31 to 2000-02-04

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

,modified to marine conditions

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

no

Details on sampling:

The test substance nominal concentrations were prepared as "water-accommodated fractions" according to the OSPAR (1995) guidelines. There was no chemical analytical confirmation of the actual dissolved concentrations.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

A nominal 1000 mg/L solution was prepared in dilution water, shaken vigorously and allowed to stand for one hour. A clear colourless solution obtained. For each nominal concentration the required amount of homogenised sample was added to dilution water.

Test organisms (species):

other: Turbot

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Scophthalmus maximus (Turbot)
- Source: Mannin Sea Farms Ltd.; Derbyhaven, Castletown; Isle of Man
- Length at study initiation: mean length 43.4 mm
- Weight at study initiation: mean weight 2.16 g

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 24 days

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

saltwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

NA

Hardness:

NA

Test temperature:

13.5 to 15 °C

pH:

7.9 - 8.2

Dissolved oxygen:

88 to 98 %

Salinity:

36 g/L sodium chloride

Nominal and measured concentrations:

nominal. 0: 100; 180, 320; 560; 1000 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

The stocks of animals were maintained, and the tests performed, in standardised artificial seawater. Volumes of 10 litres of test solution were prepared in plastic aquaria. A control vessel of 10 litres dilution water was prepared. Seven turbot were placed in each of the test and control vessels. The pH value, dissolved oxygen and temperature were measured on each test and control solution before starting the test. The test and control solutions were replaced every 48 hours up to the maximum exposure period of 96 hours, the remaining live animals being transferred to freshly prepared test solution, and observations of mortality were made daily. The test vessels were maintained at 14 to 16 °C, with a light cycle of 16 hours light and 8 hours dark.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

203.3 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95 % confidence limits: 166.6 to 247.9 mg/L;

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

134 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

127.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95 % confidence limits: 114.9 to 142.0 mg/L;

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

107.6 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95 % confidence limits: 76.9 to 150.7 mg/L;

Details on results:

The study revealed a 96 hour LC50 value of 107.6 mg/L and a 24 hour LC50 value of 203.3 mg/L.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

NA

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Statistics were performed with ToxCalcTM version 5.0; "Comprehensive Toxicity Data Analysis and Database Software"; copyright 1994 - 1996.

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

Cumulative percent mortalities:

Exposure period (hours)	Cumulative mortality (%)
	Control	100 mg/L	180 mg/L	320 mg/L	560 mg/L	100 mg/L
0	0	0	0	0	0	0
24	0	0	29	100	100	100
48	0	0	100	100	100	100
72	0	14	100	100	100	100
96	0	43	100	100	100	100

 

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The 96-hour LC50 was determined to be 107.6 mg/L.

Executive summary:

Diammonium persulfate was tested in an acute toxicity study to marine water fish in a test according to OECD guideline 203, modified to marine conditions. The determined 96-hour LC50 was 107.6 mg/L.

Description of key information

The acute toxicity of the Persulfate Category to fish was tested in four studies. Three studies were available for diammonium persulfate and one for disodium persulfate. The studies were in accordance to FIFRA guideline 72-1 of the pesticide assessment guidelines, OECD guideline 203 and EU Method C.1. The most sensitive LC50 (96 h) value for freshwater was determined at 76.3 mg/L and for marine water at 107.6 mg/L.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Effect concentration:

76.3 mg/L

Marine water fish

Marine water fish

Effect concentration:

107.6 mg/L

Additional information

The acute toxicity of the Persulfate Category to fish was tested in four studies. Three studies were available for diammonium persulfate and one for disodium persulfate. For freshwater LC50 (96 h) values ranged from 76.3-163 mg/L. The acute toxicity study to fish with diammonium persulfate according to FIFRA guideline of the Pesticide Assessment revealed a LC50 (96 h) of 76.3 mg/L, the most sensitive value available. For the marine water LC50 (96 h) values ranged from 107.6-323 mg/L. The acute toxicity to marine fish with diammonium persulfate according to OECD guideline 203 revealed a LC50 (96 h) of 107.6 mg/L the most sensitive value available.