N-(butoxymethyl)acrylamide

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1983

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Justification for type of information:

See the Analogue Approach Report attached in Section 13 of the IUCLID dossier.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

other: Read across to target substance

Principles of method if other than guideline:

ASTM, 1984b. Proposed New Standard Practice for conducting Life-cycle Toxicity Tests with Saltwater Mysids. Subcommittee E.47.01, May, 1984.

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

SOLVENT /CARRIER: Deionized water

Test organisms (species):

Americamysis bahia (previous name: Mysidopsis bahia)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Mysid shrimp
- Strain/clone: Mysidopsis bahia
- Source: Bionomics Culture,
- Age of parental stock : ≤ 26 hours old
The test organisms were held in natural seawater at 30 parts per thousand (0/00) salinity and 25°C prior to distribution into the test aquaria.

Test type:

flow-through

Water media type:

saltwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

28 d

Hardness:

Not measured

Test temperature:

22.9-26.9 °C (mean 24.8±0.6 °C)

pH:

8.0-8.1

Dissolved oxygen:

5.3-7.2 mg/L ( >80% of saturation)

Salinity:

mean 30± 1 0/00 (28-31 0/00)

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Targeted nominal test concentrations: 0.09, 0.19, 0.38, 0.78, 1.50, 3.0 and 6.0 mg/L
Mean measured test concentrations: 0.06, 0.12, 0.24, 0.45, 1.02, 2.04 and 4.40 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Material: aquarium with fill volume of 9 L . The retention chambers were glass Petri dishes to which a 15-centimeter high nylon screen collar was attached with silicone sealant.
- Aeration: no
- Type of flow-through: proportional diluter
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): Each diluter was constructed to deliver 0.5 L/cycle/test aquarium at a dilution rate of 50. The average number of diluter cycles was approximately 6.1 or 6.7 per hour, providing approximately 8-9 volume replacements per aquarium every 24 hours.
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- Feeding during test: live brine shrimp (Artemia salina) nauplii daily
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source: Seawater (natural, filtered from Big Lagoon)
- Intervals of water quality measurement: The results of routine water quality analyses for metals, nutrients, pesticides, PCB's and petroleum hydrocarbons. Test dilution water quality was also biologically monitored in the laboratory through the maintenance of continuous cultures of mysids.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

2.04 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks:

parental F0

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

2.04 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks:

Offspring F1

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

4.4 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Details on results:

- Mortality of parent animals: from 8 to 22% in test concentrations >2.04 mg/L. Mortalities at these concentrations were not significantly different from the control mortality of 22%. At test termination, mortality in the highest concentration tested, 4.40 mg/L, reached 45% which was statistically greater than the control.
- No. of offspring produced per day per female: The mean number of offspring produced per female reproductive day ranged from 0.13 to 0.50 with no apparent correlation to acrylamide concentration; mean number of offspring in the control per female reproductive day was 0.33.
- Body length and weight of parent animals: Average dry weights of male mysids ranged from 0.42 mg at 4.40 mg/L acrylamíde to 0.55 mg in the control seawater. Male mysids exposed to ≥0.12 mg/L acrylamide had dry weights which were significantly less when statistically compared to the dry weights of control male mysids. Average dry weights of female mysids ranged from 0.47 mg at 4.40 mg/L acrylamide to 0.62 mg in the control and 0.24 mg/L test concentration. Female mysids exposed to ≥1.02 mg/L acrylamide had dry weights which were significantly less when statistically compared to the dry weights of control female mysids. Dry weight data of females probably do not accurately reflect growth, because of the possible presence of Artemia nauplii in their brood pouches. As Artemia were not removed prior to weight measurements, use of these data for setting criteria standards is not recommended by this laboratory.
- Number of males and females (parental): 40 per concentration
- Time to first brood release or time to hatch: There was no significant delay in time to release of the first brood at any test concentration. Time to first brood release in all replicate control and test aquaria ranged from 15 to 24 days with 84% of all first brood releases occurring between 15 and 20 days of exposure. Mean times to first brood release were not apparently concentration-related and ranged from 16 days in 0.24 mg/L to 21 days in 1.02 mg/L acrylamide

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

Mysid reproduction was not adversely effected at any tested concentration. The NOEC was determined to be 2.04 mg/L for both parental (F0) and offspring (F1) survival.

Description of key information

The long-term toxicity of the read-across material, acrylamide, to aquatic invertebrates was assessed in a saltwater flow through study of Americamysis bahia over 28 days. Mysid reproduction was not adversely effected at any tested concentration. The NOEC was determined to be 2.04 mg/L for both parental (F0) and offspring (F1) survival.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Marine water invertebrates

Marine water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

2.04 mg/L

Additional information

The long-term toxicity of the read-across material, acrylamide, to aquatic invertebrates was assessed in a saltwater flow through study of Americamysis bahia over 28 days. Mean measured test concentrations were 0.06, 0.12, 0.24, 0.45, 1.02, 2.04 and 4.40 mg/L. Effects criteria assessed included parental and offspring mortality, time to first brood release, reduction in young released per female per reproductive day and F0 dry weight.

Mortality of parent animals was from 8 to 22 % in test concentrations >2.04 mg/L. Mortalities at these concentrations were not significantly different from the control mortality of 22 %. At test termination, mortality in the highest concentration tested, 4.40 mg/L, reached 45 % which was statistically greater than the control.

The mean number of offspring produced per female reproductive day ranged from 0.13 to 0.50 with no apparent correlation to acrylamide concentration; mean number of offspring in the control per female reproductive day was 0.33.

Average dry weights of male mysids ranged from 0.42 mg at 4.40 mg/L acrylamíde to 0.55 mg in the control seawater. Male mysids exposed to ≥0.12 mg/L acrylamide had dry weights which were significantly less when statistically compared to the dry weights of control male mysids. Average dry weights of female mysids ranged from 0.47 mg at 4.40 mg/L acrylamide to 0.62 mg in the control and 0.24 mg/L test concentration. Female mysids exposed to ≥1.02 mg/L acrylamide had dry weights which were significantly less when statistically compared to the dry weights of control female mysids. Dry weight data of females probably do not accurately reflect growth, because of the possible presence of Artemia nauplii in their brood pouches. As Artemia were not removed prior to weight measurements, use of these data for setting criteria standards is not recommended by the laboratory.

There was no significant delay in time to release of the first brood at any test concentration. Time to first brood release in all replicate control and test aquaria ranged from 15 to 24 days with 84 % of all first brood releases occurring between 15 and 20 days of exposure. Mean times to first brood release were not apparently concentration-related and ranged from 16 days in 0.24 mg/L to 21 days in 1.02 mg/L acrylamide

Mysid reproduction was not adversely effected at any tested concentration. The NOEC was determined to be 2.04 mg/L for both parental (F0) and offspring (F1) survival.