Registration Dossier

Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets

Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Manufacture, use & exposure

Manufacture

Documentsopen allclose all

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Manufacture

Registration/ Notification status for the use:
use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant

Referenceopen allclose all

Name:
titanium dioxide-anatase-pigment grade
Type of composition:
legal entity composition of the substance
State / form:
solid: particulate/powder
Reference substance:
titanium dioxide-anatase-pigment grade
Name:
titanium dioxide-coated rutile-nano grade (UVS 30)
Type of composition:
legal entity composition of the substance
State / form:
solid: nanoform
Reference substance:
titanium dioxide-coated rutile-nano grade (UVS 30)
Type of information reported:
single nanoform
Name of nanoform:
UVS30
Name of set of nanoforms:
Titanium dioxide - Nano Set 3 Rutile hydrophilic
Shape category:
spheroidal
Shape:
spherical
Pure shape:
yes
Typical composition:
ca. 100 %
Range:
ca. 100 - ca. 100 %
Shape category:
spheroidal
Percentile:
D10
Typical value:
ca. 25.1 nm
Range:
>= 23.6 - <= 26.6 nm
Percentile:
D50
Typical value:
ca. 35 nm
Range:
>= 33.6 - <= 36.6 nm
Percentile:
D90
Typical value:
ca. 49.9 nm
Range:
>= 47.7 - <= 52.3 nm
Typical length:
ca. 51 nm
Range of length:
>= 49 - <= 53 nm
Typical aspect ratio (:1):
ca. 1.46 :1
Range of aspect ratio (:1):
>= 1.4 - <= 1.6
Fraction of constituent particles in the size range 1-100 nm:
ca. 100 - ca. 100 %
Structure:
crystalline
Name:
rutile
Pure structure:
yes
Typical composition:
ca. 100 %
Range:
ca. 100 - ca. 100 %
Crystal system:
tetragonal
Bravais lattice:
body - centred tetragonal
Typical specific surface area:
ca. 45 m²/g
Range of specific surface area:
> 35 - < 55 m²/g
Surface treatment applied:
yes
Does the set contain both treated and non-surface treated nanoforms?:
no
Surface treatment name:
Hydrophilic surface treatment of rutile
Order:
#1
Surface treatment agent:
titanium dioxide-coated rutile-nano grade (UVS 30)
Order:
#2
Surface treatment agent:
titanium dioxide-coated rutile-nano grade (UVS 30)
External layer:
hydrophilic
Description:
- Main features of the surface treatment/functionalisation process: Decreasing surface reactivity and increasing compatibility in applications.
- The type of process/reaction (hydrolysis, oxygen treatment, acid washing, etc.): Hydrolysis and neutralisation reactions.
- Relevant ranges of process parameters such as reaction conditions (pH, temperature): pH 4-9, temperature 40-80 degrees Celsius.
- Any purification step: Filtration and washing by water.
- Molar ratio of each surface treating agent used: 0.07 mols SiO2 and 0.04 mols Al2O3/ mol TiO2.
- Functionalities introduced by the treatment (e.g. carboxyl, amino, hydroxyl groups) : Reducing surface activity.
Percentage of coverage of particle surface, %:
ca. 100 - ca. 100
Name:
titanium dioxide-rutile-pigment grade
Type of composition:
legal entity composition of the substance
State / form:
solid: particulate/powder
Reference substance:
titanium dioxide-rutile-pigment grade
Name:
titanium dioxide-rutile-pigment grade-stabilization by alumina
Type of composition:
legal entity composition of the substance
State / form:
solid: particulate/powder
Reference substance:
titanium dioxide-rutile-pigment grade-stabilization by alumina
Name:
titanium dioxide-uncoated anatase-nano grade (CG100)
Type of composition:
legal entity composition of the substance
State / form:
solid: nanoform
Reference substance:
titanium dioxide-uncoated anatase-nano grade (CG100)
Type of information reported:
single nanoform
Name of nanoform:
CG100, PK20
Name of set of nanoforms:
Titanium dioxide - Nano Set 7 Anatase uncoated
Shape category:
spheroidal
Shape:
spherical
Pure shape:
yes
Typical composition:
ca. 100 %
Range:
ca. 100 - ca. 100 %
Shape category:
spheroidal
Percentile:
D10
Typical value:
ca. 11.4 nm
Range:
>= 10.6 - <= 12.1 nm
Percentile:
D50
Typical value:
ca. 15.8 nm
Range:
>= 15.3 - <= 16.3 nm
Percentile:
D90
Typical value:
ca. 20.7 nm
Range:
>= 19.9 - <= 21.5 nm
Typical length:
ca. 21 nm
Range of length:
>= 20.4 - <= 21.6 nm
Typical aspect ratio (:1):
ca. 1.3 :1
Range of aspect ratio (:1):
>= 1.2 - <= 1.4
Fraction of constituent particles in the size range 1-100 nm:
ca. 100 - ca. 100 %
Structure:
crystalline
Name:
anatase
Pure structure:
yes
Typical composition:
ca. 100 %
Range:
ca. 100 - ca. 100 %
Crystal system:
tetragonal
Bravais lattice:
body - centred tetragonal
Typical specific surface area:
ca. 100 m²/g
Range of specific surface area:
> 75 - < 120 m²/g
Surface treatment applied:
no
Does the set contain both treated and non-surface treated nanoforms?:
no
Name:
titanium dioxide-uncoated anatase-nano grade (CG300)
Type of composition:
legal entity composition of the substance
State / form:
solid: nanoform
Reference substance:
titanium dioxide-uncoated anatase-nano grade (CG300)
Type of information reported:
single nanoform
Name of nanoform:
CG300
Name of set of nanoforms:
Titanium dioxide - Nano Set 7 Anatase uncoated
Shape category:
spheroidal
Shape:
spherical
Pure shape:
yes
Typical composition:
ca. 100 %
Range:
ca. 100 - ca. 100 %
Shape category:
spheroidal
Percentile:
D10
Typical value:
ca. 5.1 nm
Range:
>= 5 - <= 5.2 nm
Percentile:
D50
Typical value:
ca. 5.5 nm
Range:
>= 5.4 - <= 5.7 nm
Percentile:
D90
Typical value:
ca. 6.5 nm
Range:
>= 6.2 - <= 6.8 nm
Typical length:
ca. 6.5 nm
Range of length:
>= 6.3 - <= 6.6 nm
Typical aspect ratio (:1):
ca. 1.17 :1
Range of aspect ratio (:1):
>= 1.1 - <= 1.2
Fraction of constituent particles in the size range 1-100 nm:
ca. 100 - ca. 100 %
Structure:
crystalline
Name:
anatase
Pure structure:
yes
Typical composition:
ca. 100 %
Range:
ca. 100 - ca. 100 %
Crystal system:
tetragonal
Bravais lattice:
body - centred tetragonal
Typical specific surface area:
ca. 300 m²/g
Range of specific surface area:
> 250 - < 350 m²/g
Surface treatment applied:
no
Does the set contain both treated and non-surface treated nanoforms?:
no
Name:
titanium dioxide-uncoated rutile-nano grade (NRK)
Type of composition:
legal entity composition of the substance
State / form:
solid: nanoform
Reference substance:
titanium dioxide-uncoated rutile-nano grade (NRK)
Type of information reported:
single nanoform
Name of nanoform:
NRK30, NRK40
Name of set of nanoforms:
Titanium dioxide - Nano Set 1 Rutile uncoated
Shape category:
spheroidal
Shape:
spherical
Pure shape:
yes
Typical composition:
ca. 100 %
Range:
ca. 100 - ca. 100 %
Shape category:
spheroidal
Percentile:
D10
Typical value:
ca. 23.8 nm
Range:
>= 19.9 - <= 27.8 nm
Percentile:
D50
Typical value:
ca. 32.8 nm
Range:
>= 27.3 - <= 38.6 nm
Percentile:
D90
Typical value:
ca. 42 nm
Range:
>= 34.9 - <= 49.4 nm
Typical length:
ca. 55 nm
Range of length:
>= 41 - <= 73 nm
Typical aspect ratio (:1):
ca. 1.7 :1
Range of aspect ratio (:1):
>= 1.5 - <= 1.9
Fraction of constituent particles in the size range 1-100 nm:
ca. 100 - ca. 100 %
Structure:
crystalline
Name:
rutile
Pure structure:
yes
Typical composition:
ca. 100 %
Range:
ca. 100 - ca. 100 %
Crystal system:
tetragonal
Bravais lattice:
body - centred tetragonal
Typical specific surface area:
ca. 35 m²/g
Range of specific surface area:
> 25 - < 45 m²/g
Surface treatment applied:
no
Does the set contain both treated and non-surface treated nanoforms?:
no
Name:
Titanium dioxide-pigment grade
Type of composition:
legal entity composition of the substance
State / form:
solid: particulate/powder
Reference substance:
Titanium dioxide-pigment grade
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Manufacture of titanium dioxide by sulphate process
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Handling and further processing of raw materials
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Sulphate process
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
Name of activity / technique:
Furnace operation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
Surface treatment and coating
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Name of activity / technique:
Surface treatment (closed process)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Drying in closed system
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Milling and screening
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Supervision and sampling
Process category (PROC):
PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
Name of activity / technique:
Handling of the substance in liquid form
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Name of activity / technique:
Packaging of the solid substance (fully enclosed and automated)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Packaging of the solid substance (high level of containment)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Packaging of the solid substance (high level of automation)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Packaging of the solid substance (manual interventions required)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Removal of dust
Process category (PROC):
PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Manufacture

Registration/ Notification status for the use:
use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Reference
Name:
Titanium Dioxide non-classified
Type of composition:
legal entity composition of the substance
State / form:
solid: bulk
Reference substance:
Titanium Dioxide non-classified
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Manufacture of titanium dioxide by sulfate process
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Handling and further processing of raw materials
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Reaction step
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Name of activity / technique:
Furnace operation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
Surface treatment and coating
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Name of activity / technique:
Drying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
Milling and screening
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Packaging of solid substance
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Cleaning and maintenance
Process category (PROC):
PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
Process category (PROC):
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Process category (PROC):
PROC 6: Calendering operations
Process category (PROC):
PROC 7: Industrial spraying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 12: Use of blowing agents in manufacture of foam
Process category (PROC):
PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
Process category (PROC):
PROC 16: Use of fuels
Process category (PROC):
PROC 17: Lubrication at high energy conditions in metal working operations
Process category (PROC):
PROC 18: General greasing / lubrication at high kinetic energy conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 19: Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 20: Use of functional fluids in small devices
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Process category (PROC):
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 27b: Production of metal powders (wet processes)

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8b: Widespread use of reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8c: Widespread use leading to inclusion into/onto article (indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8e: Widespread use of reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8f: Widespread use leading to inclusion into/onto article (outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC9a: Widespread use of functional fluid (indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC9b: Widespread use of functional fluid (outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC10b: Widespread use of articles with high or intended release (outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC11b: Widespread use of articles with high or intended release (indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
Process category (PROC):
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Process category (PROC):
PROC 6: Calendering operations
Process category (PROC):
PROC 7: Industrial spraying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 12: Use of blowing agents in manufacture of foam
Process category (PROC):
PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
Process category (PROC):
PROC 16: Use of fuels
Process category (PROC):
PROC 17: Lubrication at high energy conditions in metal working operations
Process category (PROC):
PROC 18: General greasing / lubrication at high kinetic energy conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 19: Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 20: Use of functional fluids in small devices
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Process category (PROC):
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 27b: Production of metal powders (wet processes)

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Production of Titanium dioxide in catalyst production
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
Contributing activity / technique for workers
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8b: Widespread use of reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8c: Widespread use leading to inclusion into/onto article (indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8e: Widespread use of reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8f: Widespread use leading to inclusion into/onto article (outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC9a: Widespread use of functional fluid (indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC9b: Widespread use of functional fluid (outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
Process category (PROC):
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Process category (PROC):
PROC 7: Industrial spraying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
Process category (PROC):
PROC 19: Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Process category (PROC):
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 27b: Production of metal powders (wet processes)

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC6c: Use of monomer in polymerisation processes at industrial site (inclusion or not into/onto article)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC6d: Use of reactive process regulators in polymerisation processes at industrial site (inclusion or not into/onto article)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8b: Widespread use of reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8c: Widespread use leading to inclusion into/onto article (indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8e: Widespread use of reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8f: Widespread use leading to inclusion into/onto article (outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC9a: Widespread use of functional fluid (indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC9b: Widespread use of functional fluid (outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC10b: Widespread use of articles with high or intended release (outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC11b: Widespread use of articles with high or intended release (indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
Process category (PROC):
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Process category (PROC):
PROC 6: Calendering operations
Process category (PROC):
PROC 7: Industrial spraying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 12: Use of blowing agents in manufacture of foam
Process category (PROC):
PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
Process category (PROC):
PROC 16: Use of fuels
Process category (PROC):
PROC 17: Lubrication at high energy conditions in metal working operations
Process category (PROC):
PROC 18: General greasing / lubrication at high kinetic energy conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 19: Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 20: Use of functional fluids in small devices
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Process category (PROC):
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 27b: Production of metal powders (wet processes)

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC6c: Use of monomer in polymerisation processes at industrial site (inclusion or not into/onto article)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC6d: Use of reactive process regulators in polymerisation processes at industrial site (inclusion or not into/onto article)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8b: Widespread use of reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8c: Widespread use leading to inclusion into/onto article (indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8e: Widespread use of reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8f: Widespread use leading to inclusion into/onto article (outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC9a: Widespread use of functional fluid (indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC9b: Widespread use of functional fluid (outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC10b: Widespread use of articles with high or intended release (outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC11b: Widespread use of articles with high or intended release (indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
Process category (PROC):
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Process category (PROC):
PROC 6: Calendering operations
Process category (PROC):
PROC 7: Industrial spraying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 12: Use of blowing agents in manufacture of foam
Process category (PROC):
PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
Process category (PROC):
PROC 16: Use of fuels
Process category (PROC):
PROC 17: Lubrication at high energy conditions in metal working operations
Process category (PROC):
PROC 18: General greasing / lubrication at high kinetic energy conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 19: Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 20: Use of functional fluids in small devices
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Process category (PROC):
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 27b: Production of metal powders (wet processes)

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC6c: Use of monomer in polymerisation processes at industrial site (inclusion or not into/onto article)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC6d: Use of reactive process regulators in polymerisation processes at industrial site (inclusion or not into/onto article)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8b: Widespread use of reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8c: Widespread use leading to inclusion into/onto article (indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8e: Widespread use of reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8f: Widespread use leading to inclusion into/onto article (outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC9a: Widespread use of functional fluid (indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC9b: Widespread use of functional fluid (outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC10b: Widespread use of articles with high or intended release (outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC11b: Widespread use of articles with high or intended release (indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
Process category (PROC):
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Process category (PROC):
PROC 6: Calendering operations
Process category (PROC):
PROC 7: Industrial spraying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 12: Use of blowing agents in manufacture of foam
Process category (PROC):
PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
Process category (PROC):
PROC 16: Use of fuels
Process category (PROC):
PROC 17: Lubrication at high energy conditions in metal working operations
Process category (PROC):
PROC 18: General greasing / lubrication at high kinetic energy conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 19: Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 20: Use of functional fluids in small devices
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Process category (PROC):
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 27b: Production of metal powders (wet processes)

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Manufacture of titanium dioxide
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Handling and further processing of raw materials
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Furnace operations
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
Chloride process
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Surface treatment and coating
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Name of activity / technique:
Surface treatment (closed process)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Drying in closed system
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Milling and screening
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Supervision and sampling
Process category (PROC):
PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
Name of activity / technique:
Handling of the substance in liquid form
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Name of activity / technique:
Packaging of the solid substance (fully enclosed and automated)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Packaging of the solid substance (high level containment)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Packaging of the solid substance (high level of automation)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Packaging of the solid substance (manual interventions required)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Removal of dust
Process category (PROC):
PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Manufacture

Registration/ Notification status for the use:
use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Reference
Name:
Titanium Dioxide
Type of composition:
legal entity composition of the substance
State / form:
solid: particulate/powder
Reference substance:
Titanium Dioxide
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Manufacture of titanium dioxide by sulfate and chloride process
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Handling and further processing of raw materials
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Sulphate process
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
Name of activity / technique:
Furnace operation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
Chloride process
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Surface treatment and coating
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Name of activity / technique:
Surface treatment (closed process)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Drying in closed system
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Milling and screening
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Supervision and sampling
Process category (PROC):
PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
Name of activity / technique:
Handling of the substance in liquid form
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Name of activity / technique:
Packaging of the solid substance (fully enclosed and automated)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Packaging of the solid substance (high level of containment)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Packaging of the solid substance (high level of automation)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Packaging of the solid substance (manual interventions required)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Removal of dust
Process category (PROC):
PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Manufacture

Registration/ Notification status for the use:
use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
Process category (PROC):
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Process category (PROC):
PROC 6: Calendering operations
Process category (PROC):
PROC 7: Industrial spraying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 12: Use of blowing agents in manufacture of foam
Process category (PROC):
PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
Process category (PROC):
PROC 16: Use of fuels
Process category (PROC):
PROC 17: Lubrication at high energy conditions in metal working operations
Process category (PROC):
PROC 18: General greasing / lubrication at high kinetic energy conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 19: Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 20: Use of functional fluids in small devices
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Process category (PROC):
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 27b: Production of metal powders (wet processes)

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
Process category (PROC):
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Process category (PROC):
PROC 6: Calendering operations
Process category (PROC):
PROC 7: Industrial spraying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 12: Use of blowing agents in manufacture of foam
Process category (PROC):
PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
Process category (PROC):
PROC 16: Use of fuels
Process category (PROC):
PROC 17: Lubrication at high energy conditions in metal working operations
Process category (PROC):
PROC 18: General greasing / lubrication at high kinetic energy conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 19: Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 20: Use of functional fluids in small devices
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Process category (PROC):
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 27b: Production of metal powders (wet processes)

Manufacture

Registration/ Notification status for the use:
use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Manufacture of titanium dioxide by sulfate process
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Handling and further processing of raw materials
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Sulphate process
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
Name of activity / technique:
Furnace operation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
Surface treatment and coating
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Name of activity / technique:
Surface treatment (closed process)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Drying in closed system
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Milling and screening
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Supervision and sampling
Process category (PROC):
PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
Name of activity / technique:
Handling of the substance in liquid form
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Name of activity / technique:
Packaging of the solid substance (fully enclosed and automated)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Packaging of the solid substance (high level of containment)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Packaging of the solid substance (high level of automation)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Packaging of the solid substance (manual interventions required)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Removal of dust
Process category (PROC):
PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Manufacture

Registration/ Notification status for the use:
use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Supervision and sampling
Process category (PROC):
PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
Name of activity / technique:
Packaging of the solid substance (high level of containment)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Removal of dust
Process category (PROC):
PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
Name of activity / technique:
Packaging of the solid substance (fully enclosed and automated)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Milling and screening
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Handling of the substance in liquid form
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Name of activity / technique:
Drying in closed system
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Surface treatment (closed process)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Surface treatment and coating
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Name of activity / technique:
Chloride process
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Furnace operation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
Sulphate process
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
Name of activity / technique:
Handling and further processing of raw materials
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Manufacture

Contributing activity / technique for the environmentopen allclose all
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC3: Formulation into solid matrix
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC4: Use of non-reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC5: Use at industrial site leading to inclusion into/onto article
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC6a: Use of intermediate
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC6b: Use of reactive processing aid at industrial site (no inclusion into or onto article)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC6c: Use of monomer in polymerisation processes at industrial site (inclusion or not into/onto article)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC6d: Use of reactive process regulators in polymerisation processes at industrial site (inclusion or not into/onto article)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC7: Use of functional fluid at industrial site
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8a: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8b: Widespread use of reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8c: Widespread use leading to inclusion into/onto article (indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8d: Widespread use of non-reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8e: Widespread use of reactive processing aid (no inclusion into or onto article, outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC8f: Widespread use leading to inclusion into/onto article (outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC9a: Widespread use of functional fluid (indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC9b: Widespread use of functional fluid (outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC10a: Widespread use of articles with low release (outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC10b: Widespread use of articles with high or intended release (outdoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC11a: Widespread use of articles with low release (indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC11b: Widespread use of articles with high or intended release (indoor)
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC12a: Processing of articles at industrial sites with low release
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC12b: Processing of articles at industrial sites with high release
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
Process category (PROC):
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Process category (PROC):
PROC 6: Calendering operations
Process category (PROC):
PROC 7: Industrial spraying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
Process category (PROC):
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 10: Roller application or brushing
Process category (PROC):
PROC 11: Non industrial spraying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 12: Use of blowing agents in manufacture of foam
Process category (PROC):
PROC 13: Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring
Process category (PROC):
PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
Process category (PROC):
PROC 16: Use of fuels
Process category (PROC):
PROC 17: Lubrication at high energy conditions in metal working operations
Process category (PROC):
PROC 18: General greasing / lubrication at high kinetic energy conditions
Process category (PROC):
PROC 19: Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available.
Process category (PROC):
PROC 20: Use of functional fluids in small devices
Process category (PROC):
PROC 21: Low energy manipulation of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Process category (PROC):
PROC 23: Open processing and transfer operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Process category (PROC):
PROC 25: Other hot work operations with metals
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Process category (PROC):
PROC 27a: Production of metal powders (hot processes)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 27b: Production of metal powders (wet processes)

Manufacture

Registration/ Notification status for the use:
use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Manufacture of titanium dioxide by sulfate and chloride process
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Handling and further processing of raw materials
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Sulphate process
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
Name of activity / technique:
Furnace operation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
Chloride process
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Surface treatment and coating
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Name of activity / technique:
Drying in closed system
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Drying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
Name of activity / technique:
Milling and screening
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Supervision and sampling
Process category (PROC):
PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
Name of activity / technique:
Packaging of solid substance
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Removal of dust
Process category (PROC):
PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Manufacture

Registration/ Notification status for the use:
use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
Reference
Name:
Titanium Dioxide non-classified
Type of composition:
legal entity composition of the substance
State / form:
solid: bulk
Reference substance:
Titanium Dioxide non-classified
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Manufacture of titanium dioxide by sulfate and chloride process
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Handling and further processing of raw materials
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Chloride process
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Surface treatment and coating
Process category (PROC):
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Name of activity / technique:
Surface treatment (closed process)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Drying in closed system
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
Name of activity / technique:
Milling and screening
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Supervision and sampling
Process category (PROC):
PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
Name of activity / technique:
Handling of the substance in liquid form
Process category (PROC):
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
Name of activity / technique:
Packaging of the solid substance (fully enclosed and automated)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Packaging of the solid substance (high level of containment)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Packaging of the solid substance (high level of automation)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Packaging of the solid substance (manual interventions required)
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Removal of dust
Process category (PROC):
PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR

Manufacture

Registration/ Notification status for the use:
use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant

Referenceopen allclose all

Name:
Titanium Dioxide non-classified
Type of composition:
legal entity composition of the substance
State / form:
solid: bulk
Reference substance:
Titanium Dioxide non-classified
Name:
Titanium Dioxide - Nanoform Anatase untreated non-classified
Type of composition:
legal entity composition of the substance
State / form:
solid: nanoform
Reference substance:
Titanium Dioxide - Nanoform Anatase untreated non-classified
Type of information reported:
single nanoform
Name of nanoform:
Titanium Dioxide - Nanoform Anatase untreated non-classified
Shape category:
spheroidal
Shape:
spherical
Pure shape:
yes
Shape category:
spheroidal
Percentile:
D10
Typical value:
2.5 nm
Range:
>= 1.5 - <= 3.3 nm
Percentile:
D50
Typical value:
3.3 nm
Range:
>= 2.3 - <= 4.5 nm
Percentile:
D90
Typical value:
4.5 nm
Range:
>= 3.6 - <= 5.4 nm
Fraction of constituent particles in the size range 1-100 nm:
>= 50 - <= 100 %
Structure:
crystalline
Name:
anatase
Pure structure:
yes
Typical composition:
>= 99 %
Range:
>= 99 - <= 100 %
Typical specific surface area:
ca. 236 m²/g
Range of specific surface area:
>= 200 - <= 300 m²/g
Surface treatment applied:
no
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
Name of activity / technique:
Manufacture of titanium dioxide by sulfate and chloride process
Environmental release category (ERC):
ERC1: Manufacture of the substance
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
Name of activity / technique:
Handling and further processing of raw materials
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Reaction step
Process category (PROC):
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Name of activity / technique:
Furnace operation
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
Chloride process
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
Surface treatment and coating
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 3: Manufacture or formulation in the chemical industry in closed batch processes with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
Name of activity / technique:
Drying
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 22: Potentially closed processing operations with minerals/metals at elevated temperature. Industrial setting
Name of activity / technique:
Milling and screening
Process category (PROC):
PROC 1: Chemical production or refinery in closed process without likelihood of exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
PROC 24: High (mechanical) energy work-up of substances bound in materials and/or articles
Name of activity / technique:
Packaging of solid substance
Process category (PROC):
PROC 26: Handling of solid inorganic substances at ambient temperature
Name of activity / technique:
Cleaning and maintenance
Process category (PROC):
PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
Related assessment:
use assessed in a joint CSR