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EC number: 202-709-2 | CAS number: 98-87-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Study not sufficiently described and conducted with accepted general scientific principles. GLP status of the study is unknown. However, criteria for interpretation of mutagenicity are sufficiently described.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 978
- Report date:
- 1978
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- only two tested concentrations, two bacterial strains tested, only metabolic activation tested and no positive control
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- α,α-dichlorotoluene
- EC Number:
- 202-709-2
- EC Name:
- α,α-dichlorotoluene
- Cas Number:
- 98-87-3
- Molecular formula:
- C7H6Cl2
- IUPAC Name:
- (dichloromethyl)benzene
- Reference substance name:
- Dichloromethylbenzene
- EC Number:
- 249-854-8
- EC Name:
- Dichloromethylbenzene
- Cas Number:
- 29797-40-8
- IUPAC Name:
- (dichloromethyl)benzene
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): BDC, benzal chloride
- Analytical purity: Benzal chloride was purchased from Yoneyama chemicals Ltd. and re-distilled before use.
No further data
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Method
- Target gene:
- No data
Species / strainopen allclose all
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- Strains TA1535, TA1536, TA1537 and TA1538
- Species / strain / cell type:
- E. coli WP2
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- other: try hcr
- Species / strain / cell type:
- other: Bacillus subtilis M45 (rec -) and H17 (rec +)
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Metabolic activation system:
- Rat liver microsome fraction S-9 prepared as indicated by Ames et al.
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- - For the Salmonella and Escherichia strains: 0.6 and 1.2 µmoles/plates
- For the Bacillus strains: 62 and 31 µmoles/disk - Vehicle / solvent:
- E. Coli and B. Subtilis: 10 g meat extract, 10g polypeptone and 5g NaCl in 1.000 ML water at pH 7
Controlsopen allclose all
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- for the reversion assay with E. coli and S. thyphimirum
- Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- not specified
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- For the recombination assay with B. subtilis
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- not specified
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- not specified
- Species / strain:
- other: Bacillus subtilis M45 and H17
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: strain/cell type:
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Any other information on results incl. tables
In the following table, detailled results for the reversion assay are presented:
Tested strain | µmoles/plate | Number of revertant colonies |
E. coli WP2 hcr | 0 | 16 |
0.6 | 87 | |
1.2 | 357 | |
Salmonella TA 100 | 0 | 119 |
0.6 | 463 | |
1.2 | 706 |
In the following table, detailled results for the recomination assay are presented:
Recombination assay | ||
µmoles/disk | mm of inhibition for Bacillus subtilis | |
H17 Rec + | M45 Rec - | |
31 | 0 | 2.5 |
62 | 2.0 | 5 |
Conclusion of the assay | + | + |
+: positive mutagenicity
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
positive with metabolic activation for the reversion assay
positive without metabolic activation for the recombination assay
In the test conditions, the authors estimated the mutagenicity of benzal chloride to be positive in a reversion assay with metabolic activation to Salmonella TA100 and E. coli WP2 and positive in a recombination assay to Bacillus subtilis M45 and H17 without metabolic activation. - Executive summary:
The authors conducted two different bacterial mutation assay to assess the mutagenicity of benzal chloride (CAS n° 98 -87 -3 ). In one experiment, they conducted a reverse mutation assay similar to the OECD requirement of the guideline 471 with the Salmonella TA100 and the E. coli WP2 strain with a metabolic activation by a S-9 fraction. They tested in this experiment two concentrations (0.6 and 1.2 µmoles/plate diluted in DMSO), besides a solvent control (DMSO). They counted the number of revertant colonies and compared the answers with the solvent controls to establish the mutagenicity of the test material.
Besides, this experiment, the authors conducted a recombination assay with Bacillus subtilis M45 and H17 without metabolic activation to assess an other kind of mutations.They tested again two concentrations (31 and 62 µmoles/disk dissolved in DMSO). They evaluated the mutagenic potential by measuring the inhibition of the growth zone for both strains.
In the test conditions thus, the authors estimated the mutagenicity of benzal chloride to be positive in the reversion assay with metabolic activation to Salmonella TA100 and E. coli WP2 and positive in a recombination assay to Bacillus subtilis M45 and H17 without metabolic activation. Few details are available on the results and explanations on the interpretations of results is not clear.
The study was conducted for one subset of experiment with a methodology similar to the OECD guideline 471. Many deviations are noticed in this study compared with the OECD requirements (only two tested concentrations, two bacterial strains tested, only metabolic activation tested and no positive control). The authors conducted an experiment with an other suitable system but no clear explanation also on the interpretation of the results is given. Therefore the overall study should be considered as not assignable as not sufficiently described.
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