Reaction mass of Cobaltate(3-), bis[2-[[[3-[2-[1-[[(2-chlorophenyl)amino]carbonyl]-2-(oxo-κO)propyl]diazenyl-κN1]-4-(hydroxy-κO)phenyl]sulfonyl]amino]benzoato(3-)]-, sodium (1:3) and tetrasodium bis[2-[[[3-[[1-[(2-chloroanilino)carbonyl]-2-oxopropyl]azo]-4-hydroxyphenyl]sulphonyl]amino]benzoato(3-)]cobaltate(4-)

Biodegradation in water: screening tests

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: inherent biodegradability

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1993

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 302 B (Inherent biodegradability: Zahn-Wellens/EMPA Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Code number: FAT 92368/A
EN/Batch: PLN 13
Purity: ca. 80 %
Appearance: solid
Solubility: miscible
Storage: room temperature
Expiration date: 03/98

Oxygen conditions:

aerobic

Inoculum or test system:

activated sludge (adaptation not specified)

Details on inoculum:

Sludge of a biological sewage treatment plant (ARA-Therwil) collected on 24 August 1993

Duration of test (contact time):

28 d

Initial conc.:

150 mg/L

Based on:

DOC

Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:

DOC removal

Details on study design:

Water / Nutrient: according to the specification of the EEC L133 (pp. 99-105) Volume 31 resp. OECD Method 302B.
Temperature: 22.0 ± 3 °C (room temperature)

Reference substance:

diethylene glycol

Key result

Parameter:

% degradation (DOC removal)

Value:

0.3

Sampling time:

28 d

Remarks on result:

other: Average of 2 tests running in parallel

Details on results:

Adsorption after 3 hours: 13.0 %

Results with reference substance:

Reference substance: The bioelimination, corrected by the blank control and measured as DOC (mg/l) was 98.3 % on the 16th day.

		Reference			Substance
Day	Date	Mean Value of the Reference DOC (mg/L)	Value of the Blank DOC (mg/L)	Elimination %	Mean Value of the Substance DOC (mg/L)	Value of the Blank DOC (mg/L)	Elimination %
-1  day	24.08.93	149.4	-	-	151.8	-	-
0	25.08.93	156.7	9.6	1.5	148.2	9.6	8.7
3  h	25.08.93	153.9	9.2	3.1	141.2	9.2	13.0
2.  day	27.08.93	155.7	9.8	2.3	142.3	9.8	12.7
5.  day	30.08.93	154.9	11.3	3.9	152.3	11.3	7.1
7.  day	01.09.93	137.5	12.0	16.0	155.6	12.0	5.4
9.  day	03.09.93	28.6	13.1	89.6	160.8	13.1	2.7
12.  day	06.09.93	14.0	13.0	99.3	161.5	13.0	2.2
14.  day	08.09.93	12.8	12.3	99.7	158.4	12.3	3.8
15.  day	09.09.93	10.9	8.7	98.5.	-	-	-
16.   day	10.09.93	10.2	7.7	98.3	143.0	7.7	10.9
19.  day	13.09.93	-	-	-	157.1	7.0	1.1
21.  day	15.09.93	-	-	-	153.0	8.4	4.7
23.  day	17.09.93	-	-	-	154.4	4.3	1.1
26.  day	20.09.93	-	-	-	157.8	5.5	0
28.  day	22.09.93	-	-	-	155.7	4.3	0.3

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Interpretation of results:

not inherently biodegradable

Conclusions:

The bioelimination of the test substance FAT - 92368/A after 28 days was found to be 0.3 %.

Executive summary:

The inherent biodegradability of FAT - 92368/A was determined in a 28 days Zahn-Wellens - Test according to the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals, No. 302B, Paris 1981 and the EEC-Directive, L133 (pp. 99-105) Volume 31, May 88. The test substance was tested in concentration of 150 mg/l DOC. The reference substance Diethylenglycol was also tested in a concentration of 150 mg/l DOC. The duration of the study was 28 days. SHIMADZU TOC/DOC analyser was used for determination of DOC removal. Based on the findings of the study, the bioelimination of the test substance FAT - 92368/A after 28 days was found to be 0.3 %. The bioelimination of the reference substance after 16 days was 98.3 %.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability

Remarks:

BOD5

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

1993

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

ISO 5815 (Water quality - Determination of Biochemical Oxygen Demand after 5 Days (BOD5) - Dilution and Seeding Method)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

Aerate over night after addition of the inoculum

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.5 (Degradation: Biochemical Oxygen Demand)

GLP compliance:

yes

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Code number: 92368/A
EN/Batch: PLN 13
Purity: ca 80 %
Appearance: solid
Solubility: miscible
Storage: room temperature
Expiration date: 03/98

Oxygen conditions:

aerobic

Inoculum or test system:

activated sludge (adaptation not specified)

Details on inoculum:

Seeding water of an urban waste water.

Duration of test (contact time):

5 d

Initial conc.:

803.2 mg/L

Based on:

test mat.

Initial conc.:

401.6 mg/L

Based on:

test mat.

Initial conc.:

200.8 mg/L

Based on:

test mat.

Initial conc.:

100.4 mg/L

Based on:

test mat.

Initial conc.:

50.2 mg/L

Based on:

test mat.

Initial conc.:

25.1 mg/L

Based on:

test mat.

Initial conc.:

12.6 mg/L

Based on:

test mat.

Initial conc.:

6.3 mg/L

Based on:

test mat.

Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:

O2 consumption

Details on study design:

Estimation Technique: O2 - Determination, measured with an oxygen sensitive electrode system SYLAND (SAV: 00 107)
Suppression of nitrification: without suppression of nitrification

Reference substance:

other: D(+) - Glucose (Merck Nr. 8337) / L-Glutamic acid (Merck Nr. 291)

Remarks on result:

not measured/tested

Key result

Parameter:

BOD5

Value:

0 mg O2/g test mat.

Results with reference substance:

The BOD5 of Glucose/Glutamic acid solution is : 190 mg O2/L

Validity criteria fulfilled:

no

Interpretation of results:

under test conditions no biodegradation observed

Conclusions:

The Biological Oxygen Demand of FAT 92368/A was determined to be 0 mg O2/g test material.

Executive summary:

The Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) of FAT 92368/A was determined according to method ISO 5815 Second Edition 1989-08-01 (E) corresponding to 92 / 96 / EEC C.5. The test substance was tested in concentrations from about 6 to 800 mg/l. The reference substance D(+)-Glucose / L-Glutamic acid was tested in a concentration of 20 ml/L. Based on the findings of the study, the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) of FAT 92368/A was determined to be 0 mg O₂/g test material, while that of reference substance was 190 mg O2/L.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability

Remarks:

COD

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1993

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.6 (Degradation: Chemical Oxygen Demand)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

Mean of 2 determinations instead of 3

GLP compliance:

yes

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Code number: 92368/A
EN/Batch: PLN 13
Purity: ca. 80 %
Appearance: solid
Solubility: miscible
Storage: room temperature
Expiration date: 03/98

Oxygen conditions:

aerobic

Inoculum or test system:

activated sludge (adaptation not specified)

Duration of test (contact time):

2 h

Initial conc.:

5 mg/L

Based on:

COD

Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:

O2 consumption

Details on study design:

Sample weight: 5.0 mg of the test substance
Temperature: 148±3 °C
Duration: 2 hours
Estimation Technique: Titration (Potentiometrie) METROHM Titroprozessor 670

Reference substance:

other: Potassium hydrogen phthalate solution (Merck-Nr. 11'769)

Remarks on result:

not measured/tested

Details on results:

no data

Parameter:

COD

Value:

892 mg O2/g test mat.

Results with reference substance:

The COD of Potassium hydrogen phthalate is (Criteria: 200±8 mg O2/I): 198 mg O2/L

Validity criteria fulfilled:

no

Interpretation of results:

under test conditions no biodegradation observed

Conclusions:

The Chemical Oxygen Demand of FAT 92368/A was determined to be 892 mg O2/g test material.

Executive summary:

A study was conducted to evaluate Chemical Oxygen Demand of the test substance FAT 92368/A according to DEV DIN 38'409 - H 41-1 (1980) corresponding to EU 92/96/EEC C.6. A predeterminated amount of the test substance FAT 92368/A dissolved in water is oxidized by potassium dichromate in a strong sulphuric acid medium with silver sulphate as a catalyst under reflux for 2 hours. The residual dichromate is determined by titration with standardized ferrous ammonium sulphate. The test substance concentration was tested in 5.0 mg/l. The reference substance Potassium hydrogen phthalate solution was tested in a concentration of 20 mL/L. Based on the findings of the study, the COD of FAT 92368/A was determined to be 892 mg O2/g, while that of the reference substance was 198 mg O2/L.

Description of key information

Acid Yellow 220 can be considered to be not readily biodegradable. 

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Biodegradation in water:

under test conditions no biodegradation observed

Additional information

By the nature of their design and use, textile dyes are not intended to be readily biodegradable as this would assist in the rapid destruction of the dyestuff, rendering it unfit for purpose. There are ISO, European, American (AATCC) and national standards for the colour fastness of dyes. Dyes are required to have specific fastness properties. If the dyes were biodegradable, it would not be possible for them to have these fastness properties. As such, it is accepted that such substances are not readily biodegradable under relevant environmental conditions. A published study (Pagga & Brown, 1986) describes the results of the testing of 87 dyestuffs in short-term aerobic biodegradation tests. The authors of this publication concluded that dyestuffs are very unlikely to show any significant biodegradation in such tests and that 'there seems little point in carrying out such test procedures’ on dyestuffs. Nevertheless, biodegradability of Acid Yellow 220 was tested over the years in several Zahn Wellens tests as well as tests evaluating Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). In the most recent Zahn Wellens Test (1993) designated as key study, the elimination observed was 0.3 %. Similarly in the studies determining BOD5 and COD (1993), the BOD5/COD ratio was 0/892 equalling 0. Several other studies indicated BOD5/COD ratio to be equalling 0. Hence, Acid Yellow 220 should regarded as not readily biodegradable.