Concawe IUC5-4c260f86-4ac7-4ebf-b012-44b4743017f3 2017-12-13T15:47:45 2017-12-13T15:51:24 ACTIVE 2.1 Fuels, Liquefied gas, Automotive refuelling Filling motor vehicle outdoors with a full tank of fuel every week Determinant values refer to Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as the fuel; an assessment for liquids should be carried out. PC_13 Concawe_SCED_13_2_a http://www.concawe.org Concawe_SCED_13_1_a; Concawe_SCED_13_3_a LIQUIDS ADULT 1.0 FREQUENT 52 times/year - once/week; consistent with the 90th percentile of 5 times per month (0.17) and average of 3.1 times per month (0.1); corresponds to "frequent" Use Freq band in ECETOC TRA v3.1 1.0 Unchanged from ECETOC TRA default value NO_CONTACT Substance is a gas. If dermal contact occurs then it will result in cold burns. true 43000.0 Based LPG vehicle tank filled with 80 L LPG and LPG density of 533 g/L 0.05 Consistent with reported refuelling time ranging from 0.3-3.5 min, with an average of 1 min. 5.0E-4 LPG refuelling is via a contained self-sealing nozzle due to flammability considerations. Hence, leakage on nozzle insertion and withdrawal is very low (further justification in Concawe Handbook “SCEDs and Supporting Explanation” at www.concawe.org). false OUTDOOR false The SCED already addresses inhalation and dermal exposure routes assuming 100% systemic absorption. Oral exposure (e.g. from hand-to-mouth behaviour) is only likely to arise from incidental consumer actions. The potential contribution of oral exposure to systemic dose is therefore expected to be minimal when seen in the context of the other exposure routes. December 2017 Concawe IUC5-4c260f86-4ac7-4ebf-b012-44b4743017f3 2017-12-13T15:48:28 2017-12-13T15:51:44 ACTIVE 2.1 Fuels, Liquids, Garden equipment refuelling Filling lawn mower outdoors with a full tank of fuel once per week during spring and summer (6 months) SCED data refers to gasoline PC_13 Concawe_SCED_13_4_a http://www.concawe.org LIQUIDS ADULT 1.0 FREQUENT 26 times/year - Once/two weeks: refuelling of garden machinery activity occurs mostly during spring and summer; reported frequency for (vehicle) refuelling activity throughout the year was once/week, that corresponds to once/two weeks per year for garden equipment; corresponds to "occasional" Use Freq band in ECETOC TRA v3.1 1.0 Unchanged from ECETOC TRA default value YES 0.001 Estimated value for gasoline. This value is greater (more conservative) than the <0.001% of material handled that has been measured as being transferred onto the skin when refuelling cars (further justification in Concawe Handbook “SCEDs and Supporting Explanation” at www.concawe.org). Rationale for skin contact area: only one hand holds the fuel nozzle when re-fuelling. Total area exposed less than for one hand. INSIDE_HANDS true 750.0 Based on tank size of 1 L and substance density of 750 g/L 0.033 Estimated 2 min: time taken to refuel a smaller size tank should be significantly less than for the auto-refuelling exposure time of 3 min. 0.03 Estimated loss of <0.03 product used via spillage or evaporation (further justification in Concawe Handbook “SCEDs and Supporting Explanation” at www.concawe.org). false INDOOR false The SCED already addresses inhalation and dermal exposure routes assuming 100% systemic absorption. Oral exposure (e.g. from hand-to-mouth behaviour) is only likely to arise from incidental consumer actions. The potential contribution of oral exposure to systemic dose is therefore expected to be minimal when seen in the context of the other exposure routes. December 2017 Concawe IUC5-4c260f86-4ac7-4ebf-b012-44b4743017f3 2017-12-13T15:46:08 2017-12-13T15:51:53 ACTIVE 2.1 Fuels, Liquid, Home space heater Filling space heater indoors with fuel every day during heating season Determinant values refer to kerosene as the fuel PC_13 Concawe_SCED_13_5_a http://www.concawe.org LIQUIDS ADULT 1.0 FREQUENT 180 times/year - Daily use during heating season (6 months); corresponds to "frequent" Use Freq band in ECETOC TRA v3.1 1.0 Unchanged from ECETOC TRA default value YES 0.001 Estimated value. This value is greater (more conservative) than the <0.001% of material handled that has been measured as being transferred onto the skin when refuelling cars (further justification in Concawe Handbook “SCEDs and Supporting Explanation” at www.concawe.org). Rationale for skin contact area: palm of only one hand expected to hold the fuel container when refueling. PALM_OF_ONE_HAND true 3320.0 Based on 4L and a density of 830 g/L (tank size of a home space heater is about 5L and the heater with a full tank of the fuel can last for 12-15hr. 0.033 Estimated 2 min as it should take significantly less time to refuel a smaller size tank than auto-refuelling (3 min). 0.02 It is reasonable to anticipate that only a low amount (c. 5 mL) is likely to be routinely spilled during pouring in a residence and this equates to a comparative evaporative loss of <0.02 based on equivalent gasoline values for scooters (for scooter refuelling, the emission loss is calculated to be ~0.001 for refuelling spillage and 0.002 for vapour displacement emission based on the scooter tank volume of 5 L) (further justification in Concawe Handbook “SCEDs and Supporting Explanation” at www.concawe.org). false INDOOR false The SCED already addresses inhalation and dermal exposure routes assuming 100% systemic absorption. Oral exposure (e.g. from hand-to-mouth behaviour) is only likely to arise from incidental consumer actions. The potential contribution of oral exposure to systemic dose is therefore expected to be minimal when seen in the context of the other exposure routes. December 2017 Concawe IUC5-4c260f86-4ac7-4ebf-b012-44b4743017f3 2017-12-13T15:49:14 2017-12-13T15:52:24 ACTIVE 2.1 Fuels, Liquids, Recreational vehicles (quad bikes or similar) Filling tank of recreational vehicle with fuel every week outdoors Determinant values refer to gasoline as the fuel PC_13 Concawe_SCED_13_7_a http://www.concawe.org LIQUIDS ADULT 1.0 FREQUENT 52 times/year - once/week; corresponds to "frequent" Use Freq band in ECETOC TRA v3.1 1.0 Unchanged from ECETOC TRA default value YES 0.01 Estimated value. This value is much greater (more conservative) than the <0.001% of material handled that has been measured as being transferred onto the skin when refuelling a car with diesel fuel (further justification in Concawe Handbook “SCEDs and Supporting Explanation” at www.concawe.org). Rationale for skin contact area: only one hand holds the fuel nozzle when refuelling. PALM_OF_ONE_HAND true 7500.0 Based on a typical 10 L fill volume 0.017 Estimated 1 min due to small volume being transferred. Changed from ECETOC TRA default value (further justification in Concawe Handbook “SCEDs and Supporting Explanation” at www.concawe.org). 0.01 Assumed to be equivalent to the value applied for general gasoline transfers (further justification in Concawe Handbook “SCEDs and Supporting Explanation” at www.concawe.org). false OUTDOOR false The SCED already addresses inhalation and dermal exposure routes assuming 100% systemic absorption. Oral exposure (e.g. from hand-to-mouth behaviour) is only likely to arise from incidental consumer actions. The potential contribution of oral exposure to systemic dose is therefore expected to be minimal when seen in the context of the other exposure routes. December 2017 Concawe IUC5-4c260f86-4ac7-4ebf-b012-44b4743017f3 2017-12-13T15:50:01 2017-12-13T15:52:39 ACTIVE 2.1 Lubricants, Liquids, Filling vehicle engine Filling passenger vehicle engine outdoors / indoors (garage) with lubricant SCED data refers to the lubricating base oils (refined or synthetic) PC_24 Concawe_SCED_24_1_a http://www.concawe.org LIQUIDS ADULT 1.0 INFREQUENT 4 times/year; consistent with the average top up frequency for a car of once/5.7 months and the 90th percentile of once/month; corresponds to "infrequent" Use Freq band in ECETOC TRA v3.1. Frequency of use over a day is 1 (unchanged from ECETOC TRA default value). YES 0.001 Based on measured data from controlled simulations indicating <0.001% of product is transferred to the skin (further justification in Concawe Handbook “SCEDs and Supporting Explanation” at www.concawe.org). Rationale for skin contact area: based on EPA estimates and the observed findings in simulation studies. INSIDE_HANDS true 870.0 Changing 1 L, density of 868 g/L 0.17 About 10 min, 75th percentile value 0.01 Estimated loss of <0.01 product used via spillage or evaporation. Based on cited data in safety data sheets, the evaporation rate is very low at 25 oC (further justification in Concawe Handbook “SCEDs and Supporting Explanation” at www.concawe.org). false INDOOR false The SCED already addresses inhalation and dermal exposure routes assuming 100% systemic absorption. Oral exposure (e.g. from hand-to-mouth behaviour) is only likely to arise from incidental consumer actions. The potential contribution of oral exposure to systemic dose is therefore expected to be minimal when seen in the context of the other exposure routes. December 2017 Concawe IUC5-4c260f86-4ac7-4ebf-b012-44b4743017f3 2017-12-13T15:48:52 2017-12-13T15:52:16 ACTIVE 2.1 Fuels, Liquefied gas, Home space heater Changing compressed gas cylinder to indoor space heater every week Determinant values refer to Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as the fuel; an assessment for liquids should be carried out. PC_13 Concawe_SCED_13_6_a http://www.concawe.org LIQUIDS ADULT 1.0 FREQUENT 52 times/year - once/week; corresponds to "frequent" Use Freq band in ECETOC TRA v3.1 1.0 Unchanged from ECETOC TRA default value NO_CONTACT Substance is a gas. If dermal contact occurs then it will result in cold burns. true 15000.0 Based on a typical 15 kg domestic gas cylinder 0.017 Estimated 1 min due to small volume being transferred. Changed from ECETOC TRA default value (further justification in Concawe Handbook “SCEDs and Supporting Explanation” at www.concawe.org). 5.0E-4 Only low evaporative losses likely but percentage increased as compared to lubricant refueling (further justification in SCED Supporting Explanation document at www.concawe.org). false INDOOR false The SCED already addresses inhalation and dermal exposure routes assuming 100% systemic absorption. Oral exposure (e.g. from hand-to-mouth behaviour) is only likely to arise from incidental consumer actions. The potential contribution of oral exposure to systemic dose is therefore expected to be minimal when seen in the context of the other exposure routes. December 2017 Concawe IUC5-4c260f86-4ac7-4ebf-b012-44b4743017f3 2017-12-13T15:47:28 2017-12-13T15:51:19 ACTIVE 2.1 Fuels, Liquid, Automotive refuelling (gasoline) Filling motor vehicle outdoors with a full tank of fuel every week Determinant values refer to gasoline as the fuel PC_13 Concawe_SCED_13_1_a http://www.concawe.org Concawe_SCED_13_2_a; Concawe_SCED_13_3_a LIQUIDS ADULT 1.0 FREQUENT 52 times/year - once/week; consistent with the 90th percentile of 5 times per month (0.17) and average of 3.1 times per month (0.1); corresponds to "frequent" Use Freq band in ECETOC TRA v3.1 1.0 Unchanged from ECETOC TRA default value YES 0.002 Estimated conservative value for gasoline. This value is greater (more conservative) than the 75th percentile of 0.00005 for hand contamination during pouring from a pesticide container (further justification in Concawe Handbook “SCEDs and Supporting Explanation” at www.concawe.org). Rationale for skin contact area: only one hand holds the fuel nozzle when refueling. PALM_OF_ONE_HAND true 37500.0 Based on 50 L fuel dispensed and density of 750 g/L. Value is consistent with reported refuelling amounts: 90th percentile of 53 L and average of 30 L 0.05 Consistent with reported refuelling time ranging from 0.3-3.5 min, with an average of 1 min 0.002 Measured evaporative losses of 4 – 10.4 g VOC emitted per gallon of gasoline during vehicle refuelling converts to an inhalation transfer factor of 0.001 – 0.004 for automobiles without vapour capture systems. EU laws mandate vapour capture and applying the recovery system default value of 98% efficiency to this data gives an estimated emission of 0.0001-0.0003 weight fraction (further justification in Concawe Handbook “SCEDs and Supporting Explanation” at www.concawe.org). false OUTDOOR false The SCED already addresses inhalation and dermal exposure routes assuming 100% systemic absorption. Oral exposure (e.g. from hand-to-mouth behaviour) is only likely to arise from incidental consumer actions. The potential contribution of oral exposure to systemic dose is therefore expected to be minimal when seen in the context of the other exposure routes. December 2017 Concawe IUC5-4c260f86-4ac7-4ebf-b012-44b4743017f3 2017-12-13T15:48:03 2017-12-13T15:51:35 ACTIVE 2.1 Fuels, Liquid, Automotive refuelling (diesel) Filling motor vehicle outdoors with a full tank of fuel every week Determinant values refer to gasoil (diesel) as the fuel PC_13 Concawe_SCED_13_3_a http://www.concawe.org Concawe_SCED_13_1_a; Concawe_SCED_13_2_a LIQUIDS ADULT 1.0 FREQUENT 52 times/year - once/week; consistent with the 90th percentile of 5 times per month (0.17) and average of 3.1 times per month (0.1); corresponds to "frequent" Use Freq band in ECETOC TRA v3.1 1.0 Unchanged from ECETOC TRA default value YES 0.005 This value is greater (more conservative) than the <0.001% of material handled that has been measured as being transferred onto the skin when refuelling cars with diesel (further justification in Concawe Handbook “SCEDs and Supporting Explanation” at www.concawe.org). Rationale for skin contact area: only one hand holds the fuel nozzle when refuelling. PALM_OF_ONE_HAND true 44000.0 Based on 50 L fuel dispensed and density of 880 g/L. Value is consistent with reported refuelling amounts: 90th percentile of 53 L and average of 30 L. 0.05 Consistent with reported refuelling time ranging from 0.3-3.5 min, with an average of 1 min. 0.002 Refuelling via contained nozzle. Leakage on nozzle insertion and withdrawal is expected to be very low. As diesel fuel has a higher boiling point and let much lower vapour pressure than gasoline, emissions are expected to be much less significant than those for gasoline (further justification in Concawe Handbook “SCEDs and Supporting Explanation” at www.concawe.org). false OUTDOOR false The SCED already addresses inhalation and dermal exposure routes assuming 100% systemic absorption. Oral exposure (e.g. from hand-to-mouth behaviour) is only likely to arise from incidental consumer actions. The potential contribution of oral exposure to systemic dose is therefore expected to be minimal when seen in the context of the other exposure routes. December 2017 Concawe IUC5-4c260f86-4ac7-4ebf-b012-44b4743017f3 2017-12-13T15:49:47 2017-12-13T15:52:32 ACTIVE 2.1 Fuels, Liquid, Lamp oil Filling oil lamp indoors with fuel every week Determinant values refer to foots oil as the fuel PC_13 Concawe_SCED_13_8_a http://www.concawe.org LIQUIDS ADULT 1.0 FREQUENT 52 times/year - once/week; corresponds to "frequent" Use Freq band in ECETOC TRA v3.1 1.0 Unchanged from ECETOC TRA default value YES 0.005 Estimated conservative value based on a comparison with values available for handling lubricants where <0.001% of product is transferred to the skin (further justification in Concawe Handbook “SCEDs and Supporting Explanation” at www.concawe.org). Rationale for skin contact area: only inside of one hand expected to hold fuel container when refuelling. PALM_OF_ONE_HAND true 255.0 Based on an upper end lamp reservoir volume of 0.3 L and density of 850 g/L. 0.017 Estimated 1 min due to small volume being transferred. Changed from ECETOC TRA default value (further justification in Concawe Handbook “SCEDs and Supporting Explanation” at www.concawe.org). 0.05 Only low evaporative losses likely but percentage increased as compared to lubricant refueling (further justification in Concawe Handbook “SCEDs and Supporting Explanation” at www.concawe.org). false INDOOR false The SCED already addresses inhalation and dermal exposure routes assuming 100% systemic absorption. Oral exposure (e.g. from hand-to-mouth behaviour) is only likely to arise from incidental consumer actions. The potential contribution of oral exposure to systemic dose is therefore expected to be minimal when seen in the context of the other exposure routes. December 2017