(E)-1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-one

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

From July 02 to August 22, 2014

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP study conducted according to OECD test Guideline No. 471 without any deviation.

Cross-reference

Cross-reference 1

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Cross-reference 2

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2015

Report date:

2015

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)

Deviations:

no

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Not applicable

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

UK GLP Compliance Program (inspected on March 12 to 14, 2014 / Signed on May 12, 2014)

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

(E)-1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-one

EC Number:

264-140-6

EC Name:

(E)-1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-one

Cas Number:

63429-28-7

Molecular formula:

C14H22O

IUPAC Name:

(1E)-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-one

Test material form:

other: liquid

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): (E)-1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)pent-1-en-3-one
- Physical state: Pale yellow liquid
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature in the dark

Method

Target gene:

Histidine and tryptophan.

Species / strain

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2

Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):

Not applicable

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

not applicable

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

10% S9: S9-mix from the livers of male rats treated with phenobarbitone/β-naphthoflavone (80/100 mg/kg bw/day by oral route, for 3 days).

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

Experiment 1 – Range-finding test (Plate Incorporation Method):1.6, 5.4, 16, 54, 161, 535, 1605 and 5350 μg/plate in all strains with and without S9-mix
Experiment 2 - Main Test (Pre-Incubation Method): 0.5, 1.6, 5.4, 16, 53, 160, 535, 1599 and 5330 μg/plate in all strains with and without S9-mix

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO)
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: Test item was immiscible in sterile distilled water at 50 mg/mL but was fully miscible in dimethyl sulphoxide at the same concentration in solubility checks performed in house. Dimethyl sulphoxide was therefore selected as the vehicle.
- Preparation of test materials: The test item was accurately weighed and approximate half-log dilutions prepared in dimethyl sulphoxide by mixing on a vortex mixer on the day of each experiment. All formulations were used within four hours of preparation and were assumed to be stable for this period.

Controls

Controls 1

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide

9-aminoacridine

N-ethyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine

Remarks:

Without S9-mix

Controls 2

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

benzo(a)pyrene

other: 2-Aminoanthracene

Remarks:

With S9-mix

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation); preincubation

DURATION
- Exposure duration: Plates were incubated at 37 °C ± 3 °C for approximately 48 hours

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: Triplicate plates per dose level.

DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: The plates were viewed microscopically for evidence of thinning (toxicity).

OTHERS:
After incubation, the plates were assessed for numbers of revertant colonies using an automated colony counting system.

Evaluation criteria:

There are several criteria for determining a positive result. Any, one, or all of the following can be used to determine the overall result of the study:
- A dose-related increase in mutant frequency over the dose range tested (De Serres and Shelby, 1979).
- A reproducible increase at one or more concentrations.
- Biological relevance against in-house historical control ranges.
- Statistical analysis of data as determined by UKEMS (Mahon et al., 1989).
- Fold increases greater than two times the concurrent solvent control for any tester strain (especially if accompanied by an out of historical range response (Cariello and Piegorsch, 1996)).

A test item will be considered non-mutagenic (negative) in the test system if the above criteria are not met.

Although most experiments will give clear positive or negative results, in some instances the data generated will prohibit making a definite judgment about test item activity. Results of this type will be reported as equivocal.

Statistics:

Statistical analysis of data as determined by UKEMS (Mahon et al., 1989).

Results and discussion

Test results

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Effects of pH: Not applicable
- Effects of osmolality: Not applicable
- Evaporation from medium: No data
- Water solubility: The test material was fully miscible in dimethyl sulphoxide at 50 mg/mL.
- Precipitation: No test item precipitate was observed on the plates at any of the doses tested in either the presence or absence of S9-mix.
- Other confounding effects: None

RESULTS : The maximum dose level of the test item in the first experiment was 5350 μg/plate. There was no visible reduction in the growth of the bacterial background lawn at any dose level, either in the presence or absence of metabolic activation, in the first mutation test (plate incorporation
method) and consequently a similar maximum dose level was used in the second mutation test. However, in the second mutation test (pre-incubation method) the test item induced a visible reduction in the growth of the bacterial background lawns of TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 in both the absence and presence of S9-mix, initially from 1599 μg/plate. No toxicity was noted to Escherichia coli strain WP2uvrA and Salmonella strain TA98. The sensitivity of the bacterial tester strains to the toxicity of the test item varied slightly between strain type, exposures with or without S9-mix and experimental methodology.
There were no toxicologically significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation in Experiment 1 (plate incorporation method). Similarly, no significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies were recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation in Experiment 2 (pre-incubation method). A small, statistically significant increase in TA98 revertant colony frequency was observed in the absence of S9-mix at 5350 μg/plate in Experiment 1. This increase was considered to be of no biological relevance because there was no evidence of a dose-response relationship or reproducibility. Furthermore, the individual revertant colony counts at 5350 μg/plate were within the in-house historical untreated/vehicle control range for the tester strain and the fold increase was only 1.4 times the concurrent vehicle control.

OTHERS:
- The test material formulation, amino acid supplemented top agar and S9-mix used in this experiment were shown to be sterile.

Remarks on result:

other: all strains/cell types tested

Remarks:

Migrated from field 'Test system'.

Any other information on results incl. tables

See the attached document for information on tables of results

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative with metabolic activation
negative without metabolic activation

Under the test condition, test material is not mutagenic with and without metabolic activation in S. typhimurium (strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100) and E.coli WP2 uvrA- according to the criteria of the Annex VI of the of the Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP).

Executive summary:

In a reverse gene mutation assay performed according to the OECD test guideline No. 471 and in compliance with GLP, Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100 and Escherichia coli strain WP2 uvrA- were exposed to test material diluted in dimethyl sulphoxide both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation system (10% liver S9 in standard co-factors). The dose range for the range-finding test (Experiment 1) was predetermined and was 1.6 to 5350 µg/plate. The experiment was repeated on a separate day (pre-incubation method) using fresh cultures of the bacterial strains and fresh test item formulations. The dose range was amended following the results of the range-finding test and an abandoned second experiment and was 0.5 to 5330 µg/plate. Negative, vehicle (dimethyl sulphoxide) and positive control groups were also included in mutagenicity tests.

The vehicle control plates gave counts of revertant colonies within the normal range. All of the positive control chemicals used in the test induced marked increases in the frequency of revertant colonies, both with or without metabolic activation. Thus, the sensitivity of the assay and the efficacy of the S9-mix were validated.

The maximum dose level of the test item in the first experiment was 5350 μg/plate. There was no visible reduction in the growth of the bacterial background lawn at any dose level, either in the presence or absence of metabolic activation, in the first mutation test (plate incorporation method) and consequently a similar maximum dose level was used in the second mutation test.

However, in the second mutation test (pre-incubation method) the test item induced a visible reduction in the growth of the bacterial background lawns of TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 in both the absence and presence of S9-mix, initially from 1599 μg/plate. No toxicity was noted to Escherichia coli strain WP2uvrA and Salmonella strain TA98. The sensitivity of the bacterial tester strains to the toxicity of the test item varied slightly between strain type, exposures with or without S9-mix and experimental methodology. No test item precipitate was observed on the plates at any of the doses tested in either the presence or absence of S9-mix.

There were no toxicologically significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation in Experiment 1 (plate incorporation method). Similarly, no significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies were recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation in Experiment 2 (pre-incubation method). A small, statistically significant increase in TA98 revertant colony frequency was observed in the absence of S9-mix at 5350 μg/plate in Experiment 1. This increase was considered to be of no biological relevance because there was no evidence of a dose-response relationship or reproducibility. Furthermore, the individual revertant colony counts at 5350 μg/plate were within the in-house historical untreated/vehicle control range for the tester strain and the fold increase was only 1.4 times the concurrent vehicle control.

Under the test condition, test material is not mutagenic with and without metabolic activation in S. typhimurium (strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100) and E.coli WP2 uvrA- according to the criteria of the Annex VI of the of the Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP).

This study is considered as acceptable and satisfies the requirement for reverse gene mutation endpoint.