Benzene, mono-C10-13-alkyl derivs., distn. residues, sulfonated, barium salts

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP guideline study. Responsibility of the study data lies on the master dossier for the main read-across substance. The original study was not handed out.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OTS 797.1300 (Aquatic Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater Daphnids)

Deviations:

no

Remarks:

None reported

GLP compliance:

yes

Remarks:

No details available.

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material:
- Name: Benzenesulphonic acid, C14-24 branched / linear alkyl derivative, calcium salt
- CAS: 115733-09-0
Substance is structurally related to the registered substance.

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Total organic carbon (TOC) measurements of initial (0 hours) test solutions and at test termination (48 hours).

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

The 100, 300 and 1000 mg/L nominal loadings were prepared using sterilized filtered well water. Individual water accommodation fractions (WAFs) were prepared by stirring the vessel for 24 hours with a Teflon coated magnetic stir bar and removing the water phase for the toxicity test.
Dilution water was filtered well water collected at Hampton, New Hamshire. Water was adjusted to a hardness of 176 mg/L, passed through activated carbon and then an ultraviolet steriliser. Water was stored in a polyethylene tank where it was aerated.
No undissolved test material was reported on the surface of the test vessels during the entire toxicity test.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Waterflea
- Source: In-house laboratory culture
- Age at study initiation: Juvenile (< 24 hours old)

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Post exposure observation period:

No post exposure period reported.

Hardness:

176 mg CaCO3/L

Test temperature:

20.4 - 20.9 °C

pH:

7.2 - 8.1

Dissolved oxygen:

7.9 - 8.7 mg/L

Salinity:

Not applicable.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Control, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/L WAF.
TOC levels were 2.8 - 3.5 mg/L in the control, 2.8 - 3.6 mg/L at 100 mg/L WAF, 3.0 - 3.7 mg/L at 300 mg/L WAF and 2.7 - 3.4 mg/L at 1000 mg/L WAF loading. TOC levels were not considered to be indicative of actual test material concentrations and results are therefore based on nominal loading rates.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 mL glass beaker containing 200 mL of test solution, loosely covered to reduce the entry of dust
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Filtered well water collected at Hampton, New Hamshire
- Total organic carbon: 2 mg/L
- Alkalinity: pH 7.2 - 8.1
- Conductivity: 860 to 880 µmhos/cm

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16-hours light per day
- Light intensity: 20 µEin/m²

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: Immobilisation

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Test concentrations: Control, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/L nominal WAF

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Remarks:

Not mandatory under the applied guideline.

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EL0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: WAF loading rate

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: WAF loading rate

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

Control immobilisation did not exceed the test validity criterion (i.e. < 10 % immobilisation in the controls).
At 24-hours, no immobilised or dead organisms were observed in the control or treatments. At 48-hours, 5, 0, 20 and 5 % immobilisation were reported for control, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/L, respectively.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

Not applicable.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

The statistical analysis of survival data is not warranted.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

Scientifically validity criteria are fulfilled.

Conclusions:

The report describes a valid guideline study with GLP compliance. The test substance CAS 115733-09-0 was not toxic to Daphnia magna at a loading rate up to 1000 mg/L nominal WAF, therefore the EC50 is considered to be > 1000mg/L.

Executive summary:

The acute toxicity within 48-hour Benzenesulphonic acid, C14-24 branched / linear alkyl derivative, calcium salt (CAS 115733-09-0) to Daphnia magna was investigated under static conditions in accordance to US EPA Guideline OTS 797 -1300 (Ward, 1993). Water Accommodated Fractions (WAFs) were prepared, based on the intrinsic properties, i.e. low water solubility. The waterflea was exposed to the test substance at nominal concentrations of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/L WAF. A control group was also included. Mortality, immobilisation and sublethal effects were observed daily. After 24 h, no immobilised or dead organisms were observed. At the end of the experiment, 5 %, 0 %, 20 % and 5 % immobilisation were reported for the control, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/L WAF, respectively. Therefore, the test substance (CAS 115733 -09 -0) is considered as non-toxic to daphnids at WAF loading rates up to 1000 mg/L. The EC50(48h) is > 1000 mg/L WAF.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP guideline study. Responsibility of the study data lies on the master dossier for the main read-across substance. The original study was not handed out.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Remarks:

No details available.

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material:
- Physical state: brown viscous liquid
- Storage conditions: in the dark at room temperature

Analytical monitoring:

no

Details on sampling:

Water temperature was recorded daily throughout the test. Dissolved oxygen and pH were recorded at the start and termination of the test. pH and dissolved oxygen were measured using a WTW pH/Oxi 340I pH meter and the temperature was measured using a Hanna Instruments HI 93510 digital thermometer.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: An amount of test material (250 mg) was added to the surface of 2.5 litres of reconstituted water in a 3 litre glass beaker. The test solution was stirred for 24 hours using a magnetic stirrer using a stirring rate such that a slight dimple was formed on the surface. After stirring the mixture was allowed to stand for 1 hour. A wide bore glass tube, covered at one end with Nescofilm was submerged into the vessel, sealed end down, to a depth of 5 cm for from the bottom of the vessel. A length of Tygon tubing was inserted into the glass tube and pushed through the Nescofilm seal. The aqueous phase was removed by mid-depth siphoning (the first 75-100 mL discarded).
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): Microscopic inspection of the WAF showed no micro-dispersions or undissolved test material to be present.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Waterflea
- Source: In-house laboratory cultures
- Age at study initiation: 1st instar
- Feeding during test: Daphnids were not fed during the test.

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation conditions: Adult Daphnia were maintained in polypropylene vessels containing approximately 2 litres of reconstituted water in a temperature controlled room at approximately 20 °C. Gravid adults were isolated one day before initiation of the test, such that the young daphnids produced overnight were less than 24 hours old. These young were removed from the cultures and used for testing.
- Lighting cycle: 16 hours light, 8 hours dark with 20 minute dawn and dusk transition periods
- Type and amount of food: Algae (Chlorella sp.)
- Feeding frequency: Each culture was fed daily with a suspension of algae (Chlorella sp.)

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Post exposure observation period:

No post exposure observation period described.

Hardness:

Approximate theoretical total hardness of 250 mg/L

Test temperature:

Control: 20.2 - 20.3 °C
100 mg/L: 20.1 - 21.0 °C

pH:

Control: 8.0 - 8.1
100 mg/L: 8.0 - 8.2

Dissolved oxygen:

Control: 8.6 - 8.9 mg O2/L, Air Saturation Value (ASV): 95 - 98 %
100 mg/L: 8.6 - 8.8 mg O2/L, Air Saturation Value (ASV): 95 - 99 %

Salinity:

Not applicable.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal: 100 mg/L loading rate WAF

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 mL glass jar containing approximately 200 mL of test preparation loosely covered by aluminium foil to reduce evaporation
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- Biomass loading rate: Not reported

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Reconstituted water as described below

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light, 8 hours dark with 20 minute dawn and dusk transition periods

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): Immobilisation and adverse reactions were recorded at 24 and 48 hours after the start of exposure. Daphnia were considered immobile if they were unable to swim for approximately 15 seconds after gentle agitation

RANGE FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 0, 10 and 100 mg/L nominal WAF loading rates
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: No immobilisation was observed at the 10 and 100 mg/L WAF loading rates.

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Potassium dichromate

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOELR

Effect conc.:

100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: WAF loading rate

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EL50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: WAF loading rate

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

No immobilisation was observed in any daphnids at 100 mg/L nominal WAF loading rate

Results with reference substance (positive control):

24 hour EC50 = 1.5 mg/L (95 % CL = 1.4-1.7 mg/L)
48 hour EC50 = 1.2 mg/L (95 % CL = 1.0-1.3 mg/L)

Reported statistics and error estimates:

The EC50s and associated confidence limits for the reference substance were calculated using the Spearman-Karber method.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

Scientifically validity criteria are fulfilled.

Conclusions:

The report represents a valid guideline study with GLP compliance. The test substance (CAS 61789-86-4) was not toxic to Daphnia magna at a loading rate up to 100 mg/L nominal WAF, therefore the EL50 is considered to be > 100 mg/L.

Executive summary:

Sulphonic acids, petroleum, calcium salts (CAS 61789-86-4) was used as test substance in an experiment according to OECD 202 to Waterfleas (Daphnia magna) under static conditions (Goodband, 2005). Water Accommodated Fractions (WAFs) were prepared due to the intrinsic properties of the test substance. Daphnids were exposed to control and test chemical at a nominal concentration of 100 mg/L WAF for 48 hours. Immobilisation and sublethal effects were observed daily. Water temperature was recorded daily throughout the test. Dissolved oxygen and pH were recorded at the start and termination of the test. No immobilisation was observed in any daphnids at 100 mg/L nominal WAF loading rate. Spearman-Karber method was used as statistical method. The EL50(48h) is considered as > 100 mg/L.

Description of key information

No toxicity observed even at highest concentration level tested.
RA_CAS115733-09-0_OECD 202_Daphnia magna: EC50 (48h) > 1000 mg/L WAF,
RA_CAS61789-86-4_OECD 202_Daphnia magna: EC50 (48h) > 100 mg/L WAF

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

1 000 mg/L

Additional information

General considerations

For the substance itself, no experimental data are available. The following read-across substances were used to fulfil the endpoint of short-term toxicity to Daphnia magna: Calcium sulfonate read-across substance (CAS 115733-09-0) and calcium sulfonate read across substance (CAS 61789-86-4). Investigations concerning toxicity in marine invertebrates were not performed. For the detailed procedure of the read-across principle and justifications, please refer to the separate Read-Across Statement attached to this Chemical Safety Report (Chemservice S.A., 2018).

Acute toxicity to freshwater invertebrates

Two key studies are available to characterise acute toxic effects of the calcium sulfonate test substance towards aquatic invertebrates. Based on the intrinsic properties of the used substances, Water Accommodated Fractions (WAFs) were prepared for testing. Daphnia magna was exposed to the test substance for a duration of 48 h, whereby mortality, immobilisation as well as sublethal effects were recorded daily.

In the first key study, the toxicity of the calcium sulfonate read-across substance (CAS 115733-09-0) under static conditions was investigated by Ward (1993) in accordance to US EPA Guideline OTS 797 -1300. Daphnids were exposed to control and test chemical at nominal concentrations of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/L WAF for 48 hours. After 24 h, no immobilised or dead organisms were observed. At the end of the experiment, 5 %, 0 %, 20 % and 5 % immobilisation were reported for the control, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/L WAF, respectively. Therefore, the test substance is considered as non-toxic to daphnids at WAF loading rates up to 1000 mg/L. The EC50 (48h) is > 1000 mg/L WAF.

In the second key study, performed with Sulphonic acids, petroleum, calcium salts (CAS 61789-86-4), Daphnia magna were exposed also under static conditions for 48 hours (Goodband, 2005b). Beside control, daphnids were exposed to a single nominal test substance concentration of 100 mg/L WAF for 48 hours. Immobilisation and sublethal effects were observed daily. No immobilisation was observed in any daphnids at 100 mg/L nominal WAF loading rate. The EL50(48h) is considered as > 100 mg/L.

Conclusion:

No toxic effects observed in both acute studies with daphnids even at the highest concentration levels tested.